CN110051859B - 一种阿昔替尼环糊精包合物 - Google Patents
一种阿昔替尼环糊精包合物 Download PDFInfo
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- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
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- A61K47/69—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the conjugate being characterised by physical or galenical forms, e.g. emulsion, particle, inclusion complex, stent or kit
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种具有较好理化性质的阿昔替尼环糊精包合物,属于药物化学的技术领域。其中阿昔替尼环糊精包合物,阿昔替尼与环糊精的摩尔比为1:1~5,此包合物通过将阿昔替尼的有机溶液与环糊精饱和水溶液混合、离心、冷冻干燥制得。其相比于阿昔替尼,本发明提供的阿昔替尼环糊精包合物具有较高的溶解度、更快的溶出速度及更好的生物相容性,另外本发明提供的制备方法工艺简单且易于操作,适合工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物化学的技术领域,具体涉及一种阿昔替尼环糊精包合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
阿昔替尼(Axitinib)于2012年1月27日被FDA批准上市,用于其它系统治疗无效的晚期肾癌(Renal Cell Carcinoma,RCC)。由美国辉瑞(Pfizer)公司开发,商品名Inlyta。与Pfizer的另一抗癌药物舒尼替尼(Sunitinib)类似,阿昔替尼也是多靶点酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,可以抑制血管内皮细胞生长因子受体(Vascular Endothelial GrowthFactorReceptor,VEGFR)VEGFR1,VEGFR2,VEGFR3,血小板衍生生长因子受体(Platelet-derivedgrowth factor receptor,PDGFR)和c-KIT。该药物为片剂,用于治疗对于药物没有应答的晚期肾癌。阿昔替尼的中文化学名称:N-甲基-2-((3-((1E)-2-(吡啶-2-基)乙烯)-1H-吲唑-6-基)硫)苯甲酰胺;分子式:C22H18N4OS;CAS登记号:319460-85-0。结构式为:
环糊精(cyclodextrins,简称CD)是酶改性的淀粉衍生物,由与α-1,4糖苷键连接的葡萄糖单元组成的环状低聚糖,通常含有6~12个D-吡喃葡萄糖单元结构。其中研究得较多并且具有重要实际意义的是分别含有6、7、8个葡萄糖单元的分子,分别称为α-环糊精、β-环糊精和γ-环糊精。是由德国化学家Villiers最早发现,但是首次确认结构则是在1935年由Freudenberg K分离纯化得到了α-环糊精和β-环糊精,同年Caramer分离得到了γ-环糊精并确认了结构。环糊精的外形像一个锥柱状空桶,一边端口口径宽,一边端口口径窄,中间是一个空腔,这是形成环糊精包结物的基础。环糊精内壁由葡萄糖单元C3和C5位上的氢原子,C6位亚甲基上的氢原子及糖苷键上的氧原子构成。由于糖苷键的氧原子上的孤对电子指向环糊精空腔内部,使其空腔内部的电子云密度增强,从而形成了富电性的疏水空腔。环糊精“内疏水,外亲水”的特殊分子结构,使环糊精可以作为主体包结不同的客体化合物而形成特殊结构和功能的包结物。在1976年β-环糊精首次应用于药物制剂,此后多个国家的药典已将β-CD收载为口服辅料,中国2015年新版药典第四部详细收录了β-环糊精的分子结构、分子式、分子量、性状、鉴别、检查、含量测定、储藏等,特别是在类别中将其定义为药用辅料,包合剂和稳定剂等。
发明内容
针对阿昔替尼溶解度低、溶出慢及生物相容性差的问题,本发明提供了一种具有较高溶解度、溶出较快及生物相容性较好的阿昔替尼环糊精包合物,该包合物的制备过程简单,产品收率高,安全性可靠,适合工业化发展,为药物制剂的制备提供了一种更优的原料。
本发明的具体技术内容如下:
本发明第一方面,提供了一种阿昔替尼环糊精包合物,阿昔替尼与环糊精的摩尔比为1:1~5。
优选的,所述的阿昔替尼与环糊精的摩尔比为1:2。
优选的,所述的环糊精选自α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精、羟乙基-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、甲基-β-环糊精。
进一步优选的,所述的环糊精为β-环糊精。
本发明第二方面,提供了一种阿昔替尼环糊精包合物的制备方法,其具体步骤为:
a:将阿昔替尼加入到有机溶剂中获得其溶解液;
b:将环糊精加入到纯化水中得到环糊精饱和水溶液;
c:将步骤a的溶解液与环糊精饱和水溶液搅拌混合后离心分离收集上清液;
d:将步骤c所得上清液冷冻干燥即得阿昔替尼环糊精包合物。
优选的,步骤a中所述的有机溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇,优选乙醇。
优选的,步骤a中所述的阿昔替尼与有机溶剂的质量体积比为1:10~50,优选为1:20~30,g/ml。
优选的,步骤c中所述的搅拌时间为5~10h,搅拌速度为200~500r/min。
优选的,步骤d中所述的冷冻干燥的步骤为:
步骤1速冻:将板层降温冷却至-40℃~-20℃,放入步骤c收集的上清液,然后保温2~6h;
步骤2预冻:速冻结束后将板层温度升至-10℃~0℃,然后保温2~6h后再次将板层温度降至-40~-30℃,继续保温2~6h;
步骤3升华干燥:预冻结束后将板层温度在6~24h内逐渐升至10~25℃,升华线在该阶段消失;
步骤4解析干燥:升华干燥结束后将板层温度继续升至30~50℃,然后保温6~12h,待水分充分挥发后即可获得干燥的白色粉末状阿昔替尼环糊精包合物。
进一步优选的,步骤d中所述的冷冻干燥的步骤为:
步骤1速冻:将板层降温冷却至-35℃,放入步骤c收集的上清液,然后保温3.5h;
步骤2预冻:速冻结束后将板层温度升至-10℃,然后保温3.5h后再次将板层温度降至-40℃,继续保温3.5h;
步骤3升华干燥:预冻结束后将板层温度在10~12h内逐渐升至20℃,升华线在该阶段消失;
步骤4解析干燥:升华干燥结束后将板层温度继续升至40℃,然后保温10h,待水分充分挥发后即可获得干燥的白色粉末状阿昔替尼环糊精包合物。
本发明第三方面,提供了一种药物组合物,其包含本发明任一所述的阿昔替尼环糊精包合物及其它药用的辅料。
优选的,所述的药物组合物包括阿昔替尼环-β-糊精包合物及其它他药用辅料。
优选的,所述的药物组合物中的药用辅料包括填充剂、粘合剂、润滑剂和崩解剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明取得的技术效果是:
1.本发明提供了一种具有较好理化性质的阿昔替尼环糊精包合物,其相比于阿昔替尼具有较高的溶解度、更快的溶出速度及更好的生物相容性。
2.本发明提供了制备所述阿昔替尼环糊精包合物的方法,该方法工艺简单且易于操作,适合工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例来进一步说明本发明,应该正确理解的是:本发明的实施例仅仅是用于说明本发明,而不是对本发明的限制,所以,在本发明的方法前提下对本发明的简单改进均属本发明要求保护的范围。
实施例1阿昔替尼-环糊精的制备
将0.2g阿昔替尼加入到6ml乙醇中搅拌溶解获得阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液;将1.18gβ-环糊精加入到60ml纯化水中搅拌溶解得到β-环糊精饱和水溶液;将阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液与β-环糊精饱和水溶液,在室温下以300r/min转速搅拌混合6h后用离心机离心混合液,将收集的离心上清液进行冷冻干燥;冷冻干燥按照如下步骤进行:(1)速冻:将板层降温冷却至-35℃,放入收集的离心上清液,然后保温3.5h;(2)预冻:速冻结束后将板层温度升至-10℃,然后保温3.5h后再次将板层温度降至-40℃,继续保温3.5h;(3)升华干燥:预冻结束后将板层温度在10~12h内逐渐升至20℃,升华线在该阶段消失;(4)解析干燥:升华干燥结束后将板层温度继续升至40℃,然后保温10h,待水分充分挥发后即可获得干燥的白色粉末状阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物,收率91.5%。
α-环糊精、γ-环糊精、羟乙基-β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精及甲基-β-环糊精与阿昔替尼形成的包合物按照上述β-环糊精的方法制备获得,具体摩尔比及包合效果见下表。
表1阿昔替尼环糊精包合物的包合效果
实施例2阿昔替尼-β-环糊精的制备(1:1)
将0.2g阿昔替尼加入到2ml乙醇中搅拌溶解获得阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液;将0.59gβ-环糊精加入到20ml纯化水中搅拌溶解得到β-环糊精饱和水溶液;将阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液与β-环糊精饱和水溶液,在室温下以200r/min转速搅拌混合5h后用离心机离心混合液,将收集的离心上清液进行冷冻干燥;冷冻干燥按照如下步骤进行:(1)速冻:将板层降温冷却至-35℃,放入收集的离心上清液,然后保温3.5h;(2)预冻:速冻结束后将板层温度升至-10℃,然后保温3.5h后再次将板层温度降至-40℃,继续保温3.5h;(3)升华干燥:预冻结束后将板层温度在10~12h内逐渐升至20℃,升华线在该阶段消失;(4)解析干燥:升华干燥结束后将板层温度继续升至40℃,然后保温10h,待水分充分挥发后即可获得干燥的白色粉末状阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物,收率87.4%。
实施例3阿昔替尼-β-环糊精的制备(1:5)
将0.2g阿昔替尼加入到10ml乙醇中搅拌溶解获得阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液;将2.95gβ-环糊精加入到100ml纯化水中搅拌溶解得到β-环糊精饱和水溶液;将阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液与β-环糊精饱和水溶液,在室温下以500r/min转速搅拌混合10h后用离心机离心混合液,将收集的离心上清液进行冷冻干燥;冷冻干燥按照如下步骤进行:(1)速冻:将板层降温冷却至-35℃,放入收集的离心上清液,然后保温3.5h;(2)预冻:速冻结束后将板层温度升至-10℃,然后保温3.5h后再次将板层温度降至-40℃,继续保温3.5h;(3)升华干燥:预冻结束后将板层温度在10~12h内逐渐升至20℃,升华线在该阶段消失;(4)解析干燥:升华干燥结束后将板层温度继续升至40℃,然后保温10h,待水分充分挥发后即可获得干燥的白色粉末状阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物,收率88.2%。
实施例4阿昔替尼-β-环糊精的制备(冷冻曲线)
将0.2g阿昔替尼加入到6ml乙醇中搅拌溶解获得阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液;将1.18gβ-环糊精加入到60ml纯化水中搅拌溶解得到β-环糊精饱和水溶液;将阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液与β-环糊精饱和水溶液,在室温下以300r/min转速搅拌混合6h后用离心机离心混合液,将收集的离心上清液进行冷冻干燥;冷冻干燥按照如下步骤进行:(1)速冻:将板层降温冷却至-40℃,放入收集的离心上清液,然后保温2h;(2)预冻:速冻结束后将板层温度升至0℃,然后保温2h后再次将板层温度降至-30℃,继续保温2h;(3)升华干燥:预冻结束后将板层温度在6~10h内逐渐升至25℃,升华线在该阶段消失;(4)解析干燥:升华干燥结束后将板层温度继续升至50℃,然后保温6h,待水分充分挥发后即可获得干燥的白色粉末状阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物,收率84.3%。
实施例5阿昔替尼-β-环糊精的制备(冷冻曲线)
将0.2g阿昔替尼加入到6ml乙醇中搅拌溶解获得阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液;将1.18gβ-环糊精加入到60ml纯化水中搅拌溶解得到β-环糊精饱和水溶液;将阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液与β-环糊精饱和水溶液,在室温下以300r/min转速搅拌混合6h后用离心机离心混合液,将收集的离心上清液进行冷冻干燥;冷冻干燥按照如下步骤进行:(1)速冻:将板层降温冷却至-20℃,放入收集的离心上清液,然后保温6h;(2)预冻:速冻结束后将板层温度升至-10℃,然后保温6h后再次将板层温度降至-40℃,继续保温6h;(3)升华干燥:预冻结束后将板层温度在16~24h内逐渐升至10℃,升华线在该阶段消失;(4)解析干燥:升华干燥结束后将板层温度继续升至30℃,然后保温12h,待水分充分挥发后即可获得干燥的白色粉末状阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物,收率85.7%。
实施例6阿昔替尼-β-环糊精的制备(冷冻曲线、劣选)
将0.2g阿昔替尼加入到6ml乙醇中搅拌溶解获得阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液;将1.18gβ-环糊精加入到60ml纯化水中搅拌溶解得到β-环糊精饱和水溶液;将阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液与β-环糊精饱和水溶液,在室温下以300r/min转速搅拌混合6h后用离心机离心混合液,将收集的离心上清液进行冷冻干燥;冷冻干燥按照如下步骤进行:(1)速冻:将板层降温冷却至-10℃,放入收集的离心上清液,然后保温8h;(2)预冻:速冻结束后将板层温度升至5℃,然后保温6h后再次将板层温度降至-20℃,继续保温6h;(3)升华干燥:预冻结束后将板层温度在10~12h内逐渐升至30℃,升华线在该阶段消失;(4)解析干燥:升华干燥结束后将板层温度继续升至60℃,然后保温12h,待水分充分挥发后即可获得干燥的白色粉末状阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物,收率76.8%。
表2阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物的包合效果
溶解性实验
实验中测定了实施例制备的包合物在水及不同pH溶液中的溶解度。具体测试方法为:分别量取10ml的介质(水、0.01mol/L HCl溶液和pH=6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液)于西林瓶中,加入过量的待测样品,将西林瓶密封置于25℃恒温水浴中搅拌1小时,经0.45μm滤膜过滤,取滤液在358nm的波长处分别测定吸光度,通过测试标准对照品的吸光度来计算其溶解度。
表3阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物的溶解度(25℃)
溶出实验
实验中测定了实施例制备的阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物的溶出度,按溶出度测定法(中国药典2015版第四部0931溶出度与释放速度测定法第一法测定),以去离子水为溶出介质,搅拌转速200r/min,经过1h,取样,过滤,通过HPLC测定阿昔替尼的浓度,计算溶出度。
表4阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物的溶出度
Claims (1)
1.一种阿昔替尼环糊精包合物的制备方法,其特征在于,具体制备方法如下:
a:将0.2g阿昔替尼加入到6ml乙醇中搅拌溶解获得阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液;
b:将1.18gβ-环糊精加入到60ml纯化水中搅拌溶解得到β-环糊精饱和水溶液;
c:将阿昔替尼的乙醇溶液与β-环糊精饱和水溶液,在室温下以300r/min转速搅拌混合6h后用离心机离心混合液;
d:将收集的离心上清液进行冷冻干燥;冷冻干燥按照如下步骤进行:
(1)速冻:将板层降温冷却至-35℃,放入收集的离心上清液,然后保温3.5h;
(2)预冻:速冻结束后将板层温度升至-10℃,然后保温3.5h后再次将板层温度降至-40℃,继续保温3.5h;
(3)升华干燥:预冻结束后将板层温度在10~12h内逐渐升至20℃,升华线在该阶段消失;
(4)解析干燥:升华干燥结束后将板层温度继续升至40℃,然后保温10h,待水分充分挥发后即可获得干燥的白色粉末状阿昔替尼-β-环糊精包合物。
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