CN110045338A - Amplitude phase error estimation and bearing calibration based on Hilbert transform - Google Patents
Amplitude phase error estimation and bearing calibration based on Hilbert transform Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4004—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system
- G01S7/4021—Means for monitoring or calibrating of parts of a radar system of receivers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the estimations and bearing calibration of a kind of multipath reception Ro-vibrational population for inactive phased array radar, belong to Radar Signal Processing Technology field.This method tests to obtain amplitude phase error estimation by Monte Carlo, carries out independent amplitude and phase error correction to the road each channel I/Q by Hilbert transformation.The present invention realizes most of operation by FFT, and it is lower to correct required operand；It tests to obtain estimation error by Monte Carlo, estimated accuracy is higher；Due to completing estimation and correction in frequency domain, different frequency range can be corrected respectively；Since I/Q two-way individually corrects, the amplitude phase error between single channel IQ can be corrected together.L-G simulation test and case history show that the present invention can effectively correct the amplitude phase error between multipath reception channel and single channel IQ.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an estimation and correction method of amplitude and phase errors in the field of radar signal processing, in particular to an estimation and correction method of amplitude and phase errors of a plurality of receiving channels of a phased array radar.
Background
Phased Array Radar (PAR), i.e. phase control electronic scanning Array Radar, forms beams by controlling phases of a plurality of antenna units, and is superior to mechanical scanning Radar in data real-time property, equipment reliability, multi-target tracking capability and electronic countermeasure capability
Phased array radars are classified into Passive (PESA) and active (AESA). Passive phased arrays have already matured systems in the last century, while active phased arrays are only beginning to be used for military purposes such as shipboard and airborne in the near modern times. In the civilian field, although the active phased array has better performance, the passive phased array is more widely applied due to cost and equipment complexity
For passive phased array radar, amplitude and phase error correction of a plurality of receiving channels is a key technology. The multiple receiving channels of the radar can cause amplitude-phase errors due to device inconsistency, temperature variation and the like. The amplitude-phase error may be an error caused by a radio frequency component, such as an error caused by inconsistency of characteristics of amplifiers, mixers and filters of channels, or an error caused by an antenna array, such as an error caused by small fluctuation of positions of array elements, mutual coupling between the array elements, and different feeder lines of the array elements. When amplitude and phase errors exist, adverse effects such as reduction of signal-to-noise ratio of pulse compression output, reduction of pointing performance of synthesized beams and the like can be caused
The commonly used amplitude and phase error correction method for multiple receiving channels includes: correcting the amplitude-phase error through a sum-difference product formula of a trigonometric function, wherein IQ two paths of the same channel are required to be mutually corrected, and the introduced measurement error is larger when the phase error is close to integral multiple of pi/2; the amplitude and phase errors are corrected through time domain shift, the method is usually used for realizing the amplitude and phase error correction of hardware, the precision is low, and the correction is carried out in the time domain, so the amplitude and phase errors in the intermediate frequency bandwidth are assumed to be consistent, and the selectivity of a frequency domain is avoided
An effective amplitude and phase error correction idea is as follows: the method is characterized in that the paths I or Q are converted to a complex analysis domain through Hilbert conversion, and the method is used for measuring amplitude and phase errors when a reference signal is introduced on one hand, and can be used for correcting the amplitude and phase errors in a complex frequency domain on the other hand. The benefits of this approach are: more accurate correction data can be obtained through a Monte Carlo experiment; the I path or the Q path is corrected independently without mutual influence; because the correction is carried out in the frequency domain, different frequency bands can be corrected respectively; the Hilbert transform can be realized by FFT, the operation amount is low, and the method is suitable for real-time processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for estimating and correcting amplitude and phase errors of a plurality of receiving channels of a phased array radar
The technical solution for realizing the invention is as follows:
1. method for estimating a magnitude-phase error based on a hilbert transform, characterized in that said method comprises the steps of:
to haveNA receiving channel with a medium frequency bandwidth ofBThe phased array radar of (1):
(1) handleMEach frequency point ismf r The reference point frequency signal is connected into the receiving channelnWay (I way or Q way), whereinm=1，2，…，MAnd isB=Mf r
(2) Data acquisitionMGroup duration ofTAt a sampling rate off s Data length ofXTo (1) anIntermediate frequency correction data for way (I way or Q way)
(3) To pairMGroup IIInWay (I way or Q way) intermediate frequency correction data is taken as lengthXFFT calculation of (2) recording the maximum amplitude after calculationA nm Position ofL nm And phaseP nm
(4) Repeating steps (1) to (3) until all of the product is obtainedNThe I path and the Q path of each receiving channel are 2 paths in totalNMAmplitude of group maximumA nm Position ofL nm And phaseP nm
(5) Repeating steps (1) to (4) ifL nm AboutmIf the result is equal, the number of effective Monte Carlo experiments is increased by 1 until the completionVSub-effective experiment
(6) ComputingA nm AndP nm aboutVSample mean ofE Anm AndE Pnm and sample varianceD Anm AndD Pnm . If it is notD Anm AndD Pnm less than the required error, recordingE Anm AndE Pnm is as followsnSecond of way (I way or Q way)mAmplitude and phase correction values for individual frequency bands, otherwise repeating steps (1) to (5)
(7) SelectingNIn a channelrThe way (I way or Q way) is a reference branch and the amplitude correction value is recordedE Arm And phase correction valueE Prm
(8) Calculating 2 except for the reference legN-amplitude difference of 1 branch
(9) Calculating 2 except for the reference legN-phase difference of 1 branch
Wherein, if the reference branch and the correction branch are in phase,i= 0; if the reference branch is I-path and the calibration branch is Q-path,i= -1; if the reference branch is Q-path and the calibration branch is I-path,i=1
2. the correction method of the amplitude-phase error based on Hilbert transform is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
to haveNA receiving channel with a medium frequency bandwidth ofBThe phased array radar of (1):
(1) with a data length ofYThe I path or Q path echo data is a real part, the complement 0 is an imaginary part, and the length isYFFT operation of (1) to obtainS f n (y) (ii) a Whereiny=1，2，…，Y
(2) To the firstnThe echo data of the path (I path or Q path) is subjected to amplitude-phase correction,
whereinS f nm (y) To representS f n (y) In frequency bandmThe frequency-domain data of (1) is,C f nm (y) To representC f n (y) In frequency bandmCorrected frequency domain data of (1)
(3) To the firstnCorrected frequency domain data for channel (I channel or Q channel)C f n (y) As a length ofYObtaining the IFFT operation ofnCorrected time domain data for way (I way or Q way)C n (y)
(4) Real parts of IQ two paths of time domain data after IFFT of the same channel are taken to form echo data after amplitude and phase correction of the channel,
wherein,C I (y) Watch (A)Display deviceC n (y) The corrected time domain data of the I path of one channel,C Q (y) To representC n (y) Q-path corrected time domain data of the same channel
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the estimation error is obtained through a Monte Carlo experiment, and the estimation precision is higher
(2) The I path or the Q path are independently corrected without mutual influence
(3) In the frequency domain estimation and correction, different frequency bands can be respectively corrected
(4) The error between IQ two paths of a single path can be corrected together
(5) The Hilbert transform is realized by FFT, the calculation amount is low, and the implementation is easy
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of amplitude and phase error estimation and correction
FIG. 2 is a simulated pre-correction frequency domain waveform diagram
FIG. 3 is a simulated corrected frequency domain waveform diagram
FIG. 4 is a frequency domain waveform diagram before actual measurement and correction
FIG. 5 is a corrected frequency domain waveform plot of actual measurements
FIG. 6 is a measured amplitude error curve
FIG. 7 is a measured phase error curve
FIG. 8 is a measured corrected 16-channel composite distance dimension waveform
FIG. 9 is a measured corrected 16-channel synthetic azimuth dimension waveform.
Concrete real-time mode
With reference to fig. 1, the method for estimating and correcting the amplitude and phase error based on the hilbert transform comprises the following steps:
1. method for estimating a magnitude-phase error based on a hilbert transform, characterized in that said method comprises the steps of:
to haveNA receiving channel with a medium frequency bandwidth ofBThe phased array radar of (1) first needs to obtain an estimate of the amplitude-phase error of each channel:
(1) the intermediate frequency band of the receiver is divided first. Generally, the amplitude and phase errors of each channel mainly depend on the radio frequency part, and the intermediate frequency part has a large influence on the amplitude and a small influence on the phase. However, if the bandwidth of the intermediate frequency band is wide in the receiver, the intermediate frequency band needs to be divided and corrected separately
(2) For an I path or a Q path of a certain test channel, selecting a frequency point from a middle frequency band divided by a certain section for testing, accessing a test signal into the test channel, and acquiring data to obtain test data. Performing the step for all the intermediate frequency bands until obtaining the test data of each intermediate frequency band of the test channel
(3) And (3) performing FFT operation on all the test data obtained in the step (2), wherein the accessed test signals are dot frequency signals, and the maximum amplitude value of the FFT result is the frequency point of the dot frequency signals. Recording the maximum amplitude after operation, namely the frequency point where the maximum amplitude is and the phase of the frequency point
(4) And (4) repeating the steps (1) to (3) to obtain the maximum amplitude, position and phase of the I path or the Q path of all the channels to each intermediate frequency band. Steps (1) to (4) are a Monte Carlo experiment. Because the test data always contains phase noise, the influence of the noise is reduced by multiple Monte Carlo experiments
(5) For the Monte Carlo experiment, if the position of the maximum value of the FFT result of the test data is not changed, namely the frequency point of the test signal does not drift, the experiment is an effective experiment. Repeating the steps (1) to (4) until the effective experiment of the required times is completed
(6) And calculating the sample mean value and the sample variance of the maximum amplitude and the phase obtained by all the intermediate frequency bands of the I path or the Q path of all the channels relative to the experiment times. If the sample variance is smaller than the required error, the effective experiment number is enough, otherwise, the effective experiment times are not enough, the steps (1) to (5) are repeated, and more effective experiments are completed
(7) Selecting an I path or a Q path of a certain channel as a reference branch, generally selecting a channel with larger gain and higher signal-to-noise ratio, recording the amplitude of the channel as an amplitude correction value, and recording the phase as a phase correction value
(8) Calculating amplitude difference of other branches except the reference branch
(9) Calculating phase differences of branches other than the reference branch
Wherein, if the reference branch and the correction branch are in phase,i= 0; if the reference branch is I-path and the calibration branch is Q-path,i= -1; if the reference branch is Q-path and the calibration branch is I-path,i=1
2. the correction method of the amplitude-phase error based on Hilbert transform is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
to haveNA receiving channel with a medium frequency bandwidth ofBThe phased array radar of (2) completes amplitude and phase error correction through the estimated amplitude difference and phase difference:
(1) using echo data of I path or Q path as real part and complementary 0 as imaginary part
(2) Performing amplitude-phase correction on the echo data of the I path or the Q path,
whereinS f nm (y) To representS f n (y) In frequency bandmThe frequency-domain data of (1) is,C f nm (y) To representC f n (y) In frequency bandmCorrected frequency domain data of (1)
(3) IFFT operation is carried out on the corrected data of the I path or the Q path
(4) Real parts of IQ two paths of IFFT data of the same channel are taken to form echo data of which the channel amplitude and phase correction is finished
The invention is explained in further detail below by means of simulation tests and engineering examples
The parameters of the simulation test are as follows: the test frequency is 151KHz, the sampling frequency is 500KHz, the signal-to-noise ratio is 0dB, the data length is 2048 points, the phase error of the two paths of simulated IQ is 0.33rad, and the amplitude error is 1.13 dB. With reference to fig. 2 and fig. 3, it can be seen that the amplitude-phase error causes the image frequency to disappear, and the amplitude-phase error is compensated, thus proving the effectiveness of the method
The engineering example is a one-dimensional uniform linear array with 16 array elements, which is used for elevation measurement in pitching dimension. The intermediate frequency bandwidth is 1MHz, and the correction time is divided into 5 intermediate frequency bands, and each frequency band is 200 KHz. The number of Monte Carlo experiments was 150. With reference to fig. 4 and 5, it can be seen from the figures that, as the simulation test result is the same, the mirror frequency disappears due to the amplitude-phase error, and the measured IQ errors of the single channel are already compensated. FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 are amplitude-phase error curves of 16 channels, wherein the I path of the 16 th channel is taken as a reference branch, FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 are the combined results of 16 channels with equal amplitude and same phase after correction, and it can be seen from the graphs that the amplitude-phase error is well corrected
As can be seen from simulation tests and engineering examples, the method can effectively estimate and correct the amplitude-phase errors between the receiving channels and between IQ paths of a single receiving channel.
Claims (3)
1. An amplitude and phase error estimation and correction method based on Hilbert transform.
2. Method for estimating a magnitude-phase error based on a hilbert transform, characterized in that said method comprises the steps of:
to haveNA receiving channel with a medium frequency bandwidth ofBThe phased array radar of (1):
(1) handleMEach frequency point ismf r The reference point frequency signal is connected into the receiving channelnA way (I way or Q way),whereinm=1，2，…，MAnd isB=Mf r ；
(2) Data acquisitionMGroup duration ofTAt a sampling rate off s Data length ofXTo (1) anIntermediate frequency correction data for the way (I way or Q way);
(3) to pairMGroup IIInWay (I way or Q way) intermediate frequency correction data is taken as lengthXFFT calculation of (2) recording the maximum amplitude after calculationA nm Position ofL nm And phaseP nm ；
(4) Repeating steps (1) to (3) until all of the product is obtainedNThe I path and the Q path of each receiving channel are 2 paths in totalNMAmplitude of group maximumA nm Position ofL nm And phaseP nm ；
(5) Repeating steps (1) to (4) ifL nm AboutmIf the result is equal, the number of effective Monte Carlo experiments is increased by 1 until the completionVA second effective experiment;
(6) computingA nm AndP nm aboutVSample mean ofE Anm AndE Pnm and sample varianceD Anm AndD Pnm ；
if it is notD Anm AndD Pnm less than the required error, recordingE Anm AndE Pnm is as followsnSecond of way (I way or Q way)mAmplitude and phase correction values of the frequency bands, otherwise, repeating the steps (1) to (5);
(7) selectingNIn a channelrThe way (I way or Q way) is a reference branch and the amplitude correction value is recordedE Arm And phase correction valueE Prm ；
(8) Calculating 2 except for the reference legN-amplitude difference of 1 branch
(9) Calculating 2 except for the reference legN-phase difference of 1 branch
Wherein, if the reference branch and the correction branch are in phase,i= 0; if the reference branch is I-path and the calibration branch is Q-path,i= -1; if the reference branch is Q-path and the calibration branch is I-path,i=1。
3. the correction method of the amplitude-phase error based on Hilbert transform is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
to haveNA receiving channel with a medium frequency bandwidth ofBThe phased array radar of (1):
(1) with a data length ofYThe I path or Q path echo data is a real part, the complement 0 is an imaginary part, and the length isYFFT operation of (1) to obtainS f n (y) (ii) a Whereiny=1，2，…，Y；
(2) To the firstnThe echo data of the path (I path or Q path) is subjected to amplitude-phase correction,
whereinS f nm (y) To representS f n (y) In frequency bandmThe frequency-domain data of (1) is,C f nm (y) To representC f n (y) In frequency bandmCorrected frequency domain data of (1);
(3) to the firstnCorrected frequency domain data for channel (I channel or Q channel)C f n (y) As a length ofYObtaining the IFFT operation ofnCorrected time domain data for way (I way or Q way)C n (y)；
(4) Real parts of IQ two paths of time domain data after IFFT of the same channel are taken to form echo data after amplitude and phase correction of the channel,
wherein,C I (y) To representC n (y) The corrected time domain data of the I path of one channel,C Q (y) To representC n (y) And Q paths of corrected time domain data of the same channel.
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| CN112346023A (en) * | 2019-08-06 | 2021-02-09 | 北京华航无线电测量研究所 | Amplitude self-calibration module of passive radar |
| CN113093510A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-07-09 | 山东师范大学 | Clock frequency signal error measuring instrument and method |
| CN113108825A (en) * | 2021-03-26 | 2021-07-13 | 山东师范大学 | Atomic clock error measurement and correction method and error measurement and correction instrument |
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