CN110002516B - 一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- QLTKZXWDJGMCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(dioxo)tungsten;nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][W]([O-])(=O)=O QLTKZXWDJGMCAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Citric acid monohydrate Chemical compound O.OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O YASYEJJMZJALEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229960002303 citric acid monohydrate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BYDYILQCRDXHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylpyridine-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound CC1=CN=C(C=O)C(C)=C1 BYDYILQCRDXHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 ammonium tungstate pentahydrate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 claims 1
- DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);oxalate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O DOLZKNFSRCEOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910006167 NiWO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- GMQPBTKWMZBSCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K neodymium(3+);triacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Nd+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O GMQPBTKWMZBSCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910019408 CoWO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000152447 Hades Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910032387 LiCoO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N SnO2 Inorganic materials O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002070 nanowire Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940078487 nickel acetate tetrahydrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HIIGGQNLPWIVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diacetate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ni+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O HIIGGQNLPWIVAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel(2+);diacetate;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OINIXPNQKAZCRL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O AOPCKOPZYFFEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAHIRJDCNGEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(2+);dinitrate;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DWAHIRJDCNGEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRBPDNIPYNKRCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel;oxalic acid;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Ni].OC(=O)C(O)=O VRBPDNIPYNKRCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005476 size effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料及其制备方法,本发明中将一定量的水合钨酸铵、镍盐、水合醋酸钕溶于一定体积的去离子水中,然后加入适量的一水合柠檬酸搅拌,在搅拌过程中,缓慢滴加浓氨水,使得溶液的pH大于12;然后,往溶液中加入乙二醇作为分散剂,继续搅拌;然后在一定的温度下加热蒸发水分,烘干;然后进行高温烧结得到产品。电化学实验证明本方法制备的稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料作为锂离子电池负极材料具有广阔的应用前景。在整个制备过程中,操作简单,原料成本低,设备投资少,适合批量生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料化学领域,具体涉及到一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
纳米材料由于粒径小,表面原子数所占比例大,导致纳米材料存在表面效应和尺寸效应等特性,使得其在很多方面具有优异的性能,广泛应用于光学、催化、磁以及储能材料等领域。
纳米级的过渡金属钨酸盐材料显示出高容量,并且具有比表面积高和锂离子迁移路径短等优点,因此其被认为是锂离子电池阳极材料的良好候选者(Liu J,Zhang Z,WangZ,et al.Flower-like WO3/CoWO4/Co nanostructures as high performance anode forlithium ion batteries[J].Journal of Alloys&Compounds,2017,727;段连生、江雪娅、王石泉等.CuWO4的合成及其电化学性能研究[J].电源技术,2013,37(12):2118-2119;谢文菊,王志涛,张林森,等.溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnWO4负极材料及其电化学性能研究[J].轻工学报,2015(2):11-15)。但是过渡金属钨酸盐材料作为锂离子电池负极材料时可能由于没有多余的空位供可提供给锂离子的嵌入与脱出,因此它们很难发生锂离子的脱嵌反应,同时材料的稳定性不高。目前掺杂已经被证实能够提高材料的性能,其中应用最为广泛的应属于稀土元素,而镧系元素因为其独特的性能而被广泛应用(周宇.稀土掺杂ZnWO4纳米功能材料的制备及表征[D].上海应用技术学院,2015;邓斌,阎杰,张朝帅.LiCoO2掺杂稀土元素研究[J].电池,2003,33(2):14-16;李超,et al."La-doped SnO2:synthesis and itselectrochemical property."Journal of Rare Earths 28.s1(2010):161-163)。上面所提到的材料表明,镧能够提高材料的化学性能,因此,如果把稀土元素掺杂进NiWO4纳米材料,很有可能会对NiWO4纳米材料进行改性,提高其的电化学性能。本发明采用溶胶凝胶法制备了一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍(Nd2Ni6WO12)纳米材料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术,提供一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料及其制备方法。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案为:一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍材料的制备方法,其特征在于所述制备方法采用以水合钨酸铵、镍盐、水合醋酸钕为主要原料,加入适量的一水合柠檬酸为螯合剂,乙二醇作为分散剂,用氨水调节pH大于12,形成沉淀,然后将沉淀加热蒸发水分形成凝胶,凝胶烘干后在马弗炉中800~900℃进行烧结,得到一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍(Nd2Ni6WO12)纳米材料,具体包括以下步骤:
1)称取适量的水合钨酸铵[(NH4)2WO4]·5H2O于100mL的烧杯中,加25ml去离子水,加热搅拌溶解,然后溶液中加入适量的一水合柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O),搅拌溶解,得到溶液A,用保鲜膜封口,室温放置待用;
2)称取适量的镍盐和一水合柠檬酸加入到烧杯中,加去离子水,持续搅拌至完全溶解,称取适量的水合醋酸钕加到溶液中,搅拌溶解,得到溶液B;
3)将溶液B缓慢滴加到溶液A中,搅拌使两种溶液混合均匀,加4mL乙二醇作为分散剂,搅拌30分钟,然后缓慢滴加浓氨水,使溶液的pH大于12,继续搅拌60分钟,得含有沉淀的混合物;
4)将上述含有沉淀的混合物在80℃水浴中加热除去多余的水分,得到凝胶。将得到的凝胶在150℃的烘箱中干燥6小时,凝胶开始发泡,并转为黑色固体,然后黑色固体转移至马弗炉中,以3℃/min的速率升温到800~900℃下煅烧3小时,得一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料,其化学为Nd2Ni6WO12。
所述镍盐选择水合草酸镍、水合硝酸镍、水合乙酸镍中的至少一种;
所述反应的溶剂、试剂或原料均为化学纯。
本发明制备的稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍Nd2Ni6WO12纳米材料性能优异,充放电测试表明该纳米线作为电池负极材料首次放电比容量为551mAh·g-1,充放电循环600次,其库伦效率仍能保持在98%。
与现有技术相比,本发明的特点如下:
本方法制备的稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料作为锂离子电池负极材料具有广阔的应用前景。在整个制备过程中,操作简单,原料成本低,设备投资少,适合批量生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明制得的稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料的XRD图;
图2为本发明制得的稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料的SEM图;
图3为本发明制得的稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍作为电池材料充放电循环图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述。
实施例1
称取0.2mmol的水合钨酸铵[(NH4)2WO4]·5H2O于100mL的烧杯中,加25mL去离子水,加热搅拌溶解,然后加入6.0mmol一水合柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O),搅拌溶解,得到溶液A,用保鲜膜封口,室温放置;
称取1.2mmol四水合乙酸镍(C4H6NiO4·4H2O)和6.0mmol一水合柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O)加入到烧杯中,加10mL去离子水,搅拌溶解,称取0.4mmol水合醋酸钕(C6H9O6Nd·H2O),加入到溶液中,搅拌溶解,得到溶液B;
将溶液B缓慢滴加到溶液A中,搅拌使两种溶液混合均匀,加4mL乙二醇,搅拌30分钟,然后缓慢滴加浓氨水,使溶液的pH>12,得含有沉淀的混合物;
将上述含有沉淀的混合物在80℃水浴中加热除去多余的水分,得到凝胶。将得到的凝胶在150℃的烘箱中干燥6小时,凝胶开始发泡,并转为黑色固体,然后黑色固体转移至马弗炉中,以3℃/min的速率升温到800℃下煅烧3小时,得一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料,其化学为Nd2Ni6WO12。
将得到的纳米材料进行粉末X射线衍射(XRD)测试(图1),图1显示所制备材料的粉末X射线衍射谱与钨酸镍的粉末X射线衍射谱相吻合,表明钕离子掺杂到钨酸镍的晶格中;扫描电镜测试显示所制备材料具有多孔结构(图2)和测试其充放电循环性能和库伦效率(图3),由图3可知,稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍Nd2Ni6WO12纳米材料作为电池负极材料,其首次放电比容量为551mAh·g-1,充放电循环600次,其库伦效率仍能保持在98%。
实施例2
称取0.1mmol的水合钨酸铵[(NH4)2WO4]·5H2O于100mL的烧杯中,加15mL去离子水,加热搅拌溶解,然后加3.0mmol一水合柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O),搅拌溶解,得到溶液A,用保鲜膜封口,室温放置;
称取0.6mmol六水合硝酸镍和6.0mmol一水合柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O)加到烧杯中,加10mL去离子水,搅拌溶解,称取0.2mmol水合醋酸钕(C6H9O6Nd·H2O),加到溶液中,搅拌溶解,得到溶液B;
将溶液B缓慢滴加到溶液A中,搅拌使两种溶液混合均匀,加4mL乙二醇,搅拌30分钟,然后缓慢滴加浓氨水至溶液pH>12,得含有沉淀的混合物;
将上述含有沉淀的混合物在80℃水浴中加热除去多余的水分,得到凝胶。将得到的凝胶在150℃的烘箱中干燥6小时,凝胶开始发泡,并转为黑色固体,然后黑色固体转移至马弗炉中,以3℃/min的速率升温到900℃下煅烧3小时,得一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料,其化学为Nd2Ni6WO12。
实施例3
称取0.2mmol的水合钨酸铵[(NH4)2WO4]·5H2O于100mL的烧杯中,加25mL去离子水,加热搅拌溶解,然后加入6.0mmol一水合柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O),搅拌溶解,得到溶液A,用保鲜膜封口,室温放置;
称取1.2mmol四水合草酸镍(C4H6NiO4·4H2O)和6.0mmol一水合柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O)加入到烧杯中,加10mL去离子水,搅拌溶解,称取0.4mmol水合醋酸钕(C6H9O6Nd·H2O)到溶液中,搅拌溶解,得到溶液B;
将溶液B缓慢滴加到溶液A中,搅拌使两种溶液混合均匀,加4mL乙二醇,搅拌30分钟,然后缓慢滴加浓氨水至溶液pH>12,得含有沉淀的混合物;
将上述含有沉淀的混合物在80℃水浴中加热除去多余的水分,得到凝胶。将得到的凝胶在150℃的烘箱中干燥6小时,凝胶开始发泡,并转为黑色固体,然后黑色固体转移至马弗炉中,以3℃/min的速率升温到850℃下煅烧3小时,得一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料,其化学为Nd2Ni6WO12。
Claims (2)
1.一种稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料的化学式为Nd2Ni6WO12,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)称取适量的五水合钨酸铵于烧杯中,加适量的去离子水,加热搅拌,然后加适量的一水合柠檬酸,搅拌溶解,得到溶液A,保鲜膜封口,室温放置;
2)称取适量的镍盐和一水合柠檬酸置于到烧杯中,加适量的去离子水,搅拌溶解,称取适量的水合醋酸钕加到溶液中,搅拌溶解,得到溶液B;
3)将溶液B缓慢滴加到溶液A中,搅拌使两种溶液混合均匀,加适量的乙二醇作为分散剂,搅拌30分钟,然后缓慢滴加浓氨水,使溶液的pH大于12,继续搅拌60分钟,得含有沉淀的混合物;
4)将上述含有沉淀的混合物在80℃水浴中加热除去多余的水分,得到凝胶,将得到的凝胶在150℃的烘箱中干燥6小时,得黑色固体,然后将得到的黑色固体,转移至马弗炉中,以3℃/min的速率升温到800~900℃下煅烧3小时,得所述稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料;
所述镍盐选择水合草酸镍、水合硝酸镍、水合乙酸镍中的至少一种;
所述反应的溶剂、试剂或原料均为化学纯。
2.一种如权利要求1所叙述制备方法得到的稀土钕掺杂钨酸镍纳米材料,其特征在于,该材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,其首次放电比容量为551mAh·g-1,充放电循环600次,其库伦效率仍能保持在98%。
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