CN109986152A - Numerical control device and its control method for spark erosion equipment - Google Patents
Numerical control device and its control method for spark erosion equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN109986152A CN109986152A CN201711476723.9A CN201711476723A CN109986152A CN 109986152 A CN109986152 A CN 109986152A CN 201711476723 A CN201711476723 A CN 201711476723A CN 109986152 A CN109986152 A CN 109986152A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H1/00—Electrical discharge machining, i.e. removing metal with a series of rapidly recurring electrical discharges between an electrode and a workpiece in the presence of a fluid dielectric
- B23H1/02—Electric circuits specially adapted therefor, e.g. power supply, control, preventing short circuits or other abnormal discharges
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the numerical control device and its control method for spark erosion equipment, discharge power supply control modules, for being controlled according to the instruction of digital control system spark discharge power supply；Electrode voltage acquisition module, in electric discharge machining process, acquisition discharge voltage signal to feed back to digital control system after carrying out A/D conversion；Digital control system, for being moved according to discharge voltage by discharge power supply control module coordination electrode.It is communicated with each other between task control and motion control of the invention by the shared communication buffer area of system, transmits command parameter and state parameter etc., can guarantee the real-time and control precision of motion control to greatest extent.
Description
Technical field
The application technology in electric spark machining field that the present invention relates to numerical control devices using numerical control device, it can be achieved that carried out
The dedicated machining control of three axis spark-erosion machine tools, belongs to fields of numeric control technique.
Background technique
Electrical discharge machining is that in the medium, galvano-cautery when using pulse feature spark discharge between electrode and workpiece is existing
As being processed to workpiece.In edm process, certain discharging gap must be kept between electrode and workpiece.If
Discharging gap is excessive, then pulse voltage is not easy to puncture medium, is not easy to produce spark discharge, reduces processing efficiency；If between electric discharge
Gap is too small, then causes short circuit and ablation, sacrificial electrode.Therefore, must automatically adjust in process electrode and workpiece away from
From keeping optimal discharging gap, improve processing quality and efficiency.
In the processing of deep hole or deep narrow slot class part, the galvanic corrosion particulate matter that workpiece is generated by electric discharge can be muddy in electrode
In the medium of workpiece gap, and as the variation of process time and working depth, particle concentration can be increasing, cause
The control of discharging gap is unstable, influences to process.Usual electrode periodically can do fast reciprocating along the opposite direction for processing feeding
Movement, i.e. cutter lifting move, and force the galvanic corrosion particulate matter of generation that discharging gap is discharged, reduce the clast concentration in machining area.Root
According to different machining states, frequency, speed and the height of cutter lifting also generate certain influence to processing.Therefore, keep appropriate
Cutter lifting frequency, suitable cutter lifting speed and height, can greatly improve effective discharge rate and processing stability.
In traditional electric spark shaping mill, processing gap and cutter lifting control generally pass through hardware circuit or motion control
Card realizes that flexibility is poor with real-time, and control precision is limited.Also, the EDM CNC system that early stage occurs, with one-axis system
It is in the majority；Before processing to the positioning of workpiece, need to carry out the mobile control of plane using mechanical rocker arm；In electric spark chambering process
In, need to install additional mechanical orbital head to realize translation processing.With the development of computer and the continuous improvement of calculating speed,
Electrical discharge machining control is carried out using multi-axis numerical control device, can satisfy more diversified process requirements.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, propose a kind of towards the special of electrical discharge machining
Use numerical control device.Based on the numerical control device, the present invention realizes more flexible efficient progress gap control and controls with cutter lifting, with
And intelligent controlling expert system, pahtfinder hard are along dedicated control methods such as former track returns, it is diversified in electric spark to meet
Process requirements.
To achieve the above object, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows: being used for the numerical control device of spark erosion equipment,
Include:
Discharge power supply control module, for being controlled according to the instruction of digital control system spark discharge power supply；
Electrode voltage acquisition module is used in electric discharge machining process, anti-after acquisition discharge voltage signal progress A/D conversion
It is fed to digital control system；
Digital control system, for being moved according to discharge voltage by discharge power supply control module coordination electrode.
The digital control system is equipped with:
Motion-control module is done at difference for the discharge voltage signal after converting to A/D with optimal discharge gap voltage
Reason, treated, and voltage signal is zero when electrode and workpiece reach optimal discharge gap, is positive value when being greater than discharging gap,
It is negative value when less than discharging gap；The comparison result of voltage when according to treated voltage signal and optimal discharge gap, changes
The process velocity of variable electrode and direction.
Control method for spark erosion equipment, comprising the following steps:
Discharge power supply control module controls spark discharge power supply according to the instruction of digital control system；
In electric discharge machining process, acquisition discharge voltage signal is fed back to electrode voltage acquisition module after carrying out A/D conversion
Digital control system；
Digital control system is moved according to discharge voltage by discharge power supply control module coordination electrode.
The digital control system according to discharge voltage by discharge power supply control module coordination electrode move the following steps are included:
Discharge voltage signal after motion-control module converts A/D does difference processing with optimal discharge gap voltage, locates
Voltage signal after reason is zero when electrode and workpiece reach optimal discharge gap, is positive value when being greater than optimal discharge gap,
It is negative value when less than optimal discharge gap；Electricity when motion-control module is according to treated voltage signal and optimal discharge gap
The comparison result of pressure changes process velocity and the direction of electrode.
The comparison result of voltage when the voltage signal according to motion-control module and optimal discharge gap changes electricity
The process velocity of pole and direction the following steps are included:
Work as V-V0When > 0, electrode is mobile to forward direction, is forward travel state；Work as V-V0When < 0, electrode is mobile to opposite direction, to return
Move back state；V indicates front electrode voltage, V0Indicate electrode voltage when reaching optimal discharge gap.
Motion control and programmable controller are loaded on system real-time kernel space by the digital control system, task control with
It is communicated with each other between motion control by the shared communication buffer area of system, transmits command parameter and state parameter.
The motion-control module also executes cutter lifting control, specifically:
Continuous maching time parameter U, interpolation cycle T are read, then the periodicity that gap control needs to carry out are as follows: N=U ÷
T；
The periodicity that current clearance control is calculated with counter, it is when Counter Value is more than or equal to N, then dynamic into cutter lifting
Make, records the starting point of cutter lifting, i.e., current Working position at this time；
Cutter lifting movement is divided into two stages: cutter lifting stage and drop knife stage；
In the cutter lifting stage, the motor segment of all machining locus is traversed, Origin And Destination location swap therein is given birth to again
At opposite direction motor segment, the motor segment currently completed is changed to unfinished state, and current unprocessed motor segment is revised as
It completes, and the movement speed of front electrode is revised as cutter lifting speed and carries out reversed interpolation；When the path length summation of cutter lifting
When more than or equal to cutter lifting height, into the drop knife stage；
In the drop knife stage, all motor segments are traversed again, by Origin And Destination location swap therein, regenerate pros
To motor segment, labeled as completion status, current unprocessed motor segment is revised as not completing the motor segment currently completed, with
It drops knife speed and carries out positive interpolation；In the drop knife stage, the length of interpolation is the length that cutter lifting height subtracts drop knife surplus, in drop knife
After, electrode reduces speed now with a distance from one from cutter lifting starting point drop knife surplus to process velocity.
The motion-control module also executes electrode along former track rollback control flow:
Using M code as separation, processing sections are dropped into and have gone division；
When motion-control module runs to M code, all completed motor segments are all cleared out of into movement queue；
When running to along former track back-off instruction, stops reading subsequent motion section first, only have in hold queue current
All completion motor segments of paragraph；Then ignore currently-read electrode voltage value, directly progress fallback action is until retracting extremely
When previous paragraphs starting point, queue is emptied at this time and read subsequent motion section, carries out following process.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantage:
1. the numerical control device that the present invention uses is communicated by serial ports with power supply, and the electricity of acquisition electrode feedback in real time
Pressure realizes spark discharge control by cnc system software, so that gap control is more flexible efficiently with cutter lifting control；
2. motion-control module isolated operation of the invention passes through between task control and motion control in real-time kernel
The shared communication buffer area of system communicates with each other, and transmits command parameter and state parameter etc., can guarantee motion control to greatest extent
Real-time and control precision.
3. numerical control software of the invention uses flexible motion control structure, modular software level realizes needle
To the dedicated control method of electrical fire flower process, process requirements various in electrical discharge machining can be met.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the numerical control device schematic diagram for electrical discharge machining；
Fig. 2 is electric spark clearance control schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is cutter lifting control schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is pahtfinder hard along former track rollback schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
The method of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A kind of numerical control device for spark erosion equipment, comprises the following modules:
Discharge power supply control module, for controlling spark discharge power supply.Using RS422 serial port protocol and numerical control
System is written and read two-way communication, can control cooked mode, electric discharge, contact perception, oil pump and discharge parameter.?
When electric discharge is opened, power supply can give one biggish pulse voltage of electrode, be used for electrical discharge machining；When contact perception is opened, electricity
Whether source can give one lesser voltage of electrode, short-circuit for detecting electrode and workpiece.
Electrode voltage acquisition module, the module are divided into acquisition and contact perception voltage acquisition two parts of discharge voltage.
In electric discharge machining process, acquisition discharge voltage signal carries out A/D conversion, and to the voltage and optimal discharge gap electricity after conversion
Pressure does difference processing, and treated, and voltage signal is zero when electrode and workpiece reach optimal discharge gap, between being greater than electric discharge
It is positive value when gap, is negative value when being less than discharging gap；When contact perception is opened, docking sense of touch knows that voltage signal is directly adopted
Collection, in short circuit, voltage is zero, and triggering I/O signal is input to digital control system.
Digital control system module is controlled movement using man-machine interface, task control, motion control and programmable controller
System loads on system real-time kernel space with programmable controller, passes through the shared logical of system between task control and motion control
News buffer area communicates with each other, and transmits command parameter and state parameter etc..The advantage of this design is, can guarantee to move to greatest extent
The real-time and control precision of control.
The dedicated design of control method of electric spark based on the numerical control device is as follows:
Discharging gap control: digital control system motion module reads the electrode voltage by A/D conversion and difference processing in real time
Signal, when voltage is positive value, electrode is mobile to direction of feed forward direction, and mobile speed and program speed and voltage value is at just
Than referred to as advancing；When voltage is negative value, electrode is moved along former track negative sense, mobile speed and program speed and voltage
Absolute value is directly proportional, referred to as retracts.
Cutter lifting control: before processing, continuous maching time, cutter lifting height, cutter lifting speed and drop knife speed is arranged in system.Add
During work, when maintaining the gap control time to be more than or equal to continuous maching time, then cutter lifting is triggered, electrode is along former track to lift
Knife speed opposite direction is mobile, and moving distance is cutter lifting height, after reaching moving distance, then along former track positive direction to drop knife speed
Degree moves back to current Working position.In order to preferably achieve the effect that clear up particulate matter in gap, cutter lifting speed and drop knife speed
Significantly larger than process velocity.To prevent drop knife speed excessive, when returning to Working position, deceleration time is too long, causes overshoot short circuit
Phenomenon, the present invention devise drop knife margin parameter and are moving to an off current Working position certain distance (i.e. during dropping knife
Knife surplus drops) when, it reduces speed now to processing feed speed, prevents electrode because overshooting caused by excessive velocities.
Intelligent controlling expert system: using gap control and cutter lifting control parameter as variable element, it is added to expert system
In.In editing procedure, user filters out the power parameter E code of required technique from expert system, not only contains to electricity
The electrical parameter that source is controlled, also joined process velocity, continuous maching time, cutter lifting height, cutter lifting speed, drop knife speed and
Cutter lifting margin parameter；When program goes to corresponding E code, power supply is controlled to the corresponding electrical parameter of power supply transmission by serial ports,
And changes the cutter lifting relevant parameter in motion control, realize the cutter lifting control of variable element.
Centering and electrode preventing collision protection: in a manual mode, power supply can open contact perceptional function, apply one to electrode
A lesser pulse voltage will cause short circuit when electrode is contacted with workpiece, so that voltage is zero.Digital control system is in manual mode
Down by the perception voltage of acquisition electrode, to judge whether electrode contacts with workpiece；It, can when electrode needs to position the location of workpiece
Workpiece is detected using perception voltage change；When electrode when being moved manually, it can use perception voltage and sentence
Whether broken Electrode collides workpiece, carries out preventing collision protection.
Pahtfinder hard retracts along former track: when carrying out pahtfinder hard or pocket machining, motion-control module record electricity
Pole is divided in the path that each paragraph is advanced, paragraph by M code.After back-off instruction of breaking in commission, electrode can be along
When the path that previous paragraphs are passed by is moved to paragraph starting point along former track opposite direction, and continue subsequent processing.
As shown in Figure 1, the numerical control device in the present invention for spark erosion equipment is divided into energy supply control module, voltage is adopted
Collect module and numerical control module.
Energy supply control module is written and read two-way communication using RS422 serial port protocol and digital control system, can be to power supply mould
Formula, electric discharge, contact perception, oil pump and discharge parameter are controlled.When discharging unlatching, power supply can be biggish to one, electrode
Pulse voltage is used for electrical discharge machining；When contact perception is opened, power supply can give one lesser voltage of electrode, for detecting
Whether electrode is short-circuit with workpiece.Electric source modes are divided into cooked mode and manual mode, and when cooked mode is opened, power supply can be into
The operation of row electric discharge and oil pump；When manual mode is opened, power supply can carry out the open and close of contact perception.
Voltage acquisition module is divided into acquisition and contact perception voltage acquisition two parts of discharge voltage.In the processing of power supply
Under mode, which acquires discharge voltage signal and carries out A/D conversion, and does to the voltage after conversion with optimal discharge gap voltage
Difference processing, treated, and voltage signal is zero when electrode and workpiece reach optimal discharge gap, when being greater than discharging gap
It is negative value when being less than discharging gap for positive value；In a manual mode, when contact perception is opened, docking sense of touch knows that voltage signal is straight
It connects and is acquired, voltage is zero in short circuit, and triggering I/O signal is input to digital control system.
Digital control system use man-machine interface, task control, motion control and programmable controller, by motion control with can
Programmable controller loads on system real-time kernel space, passes through the shared communication buffer of system between task control and motion control
Area communicates with each other, and transmits command parameter and state parameter etc..Man-machine interface, task control, motion control and programmable controller
All it is periodically to be scheduled, there is the dispatching cycle of oneself, motion control highest priority, the preferential level of programmable controller respectively
It, the two is all soft real time task；Task control priority is less than programmable controller, and the period is greater than motion control and can compile
The sum of range controller period；The priority of man-machine interface is minimum, and the period is greater than the sum of other three modules, and timeliness requires not
By force.
As shown in Figure 1, serial communication between digital control system and power supply is since real-time is strong, in human-machine interface module
It realizes.The system period reads the current state of power supply, including mode, discharge condition, contact perception state and oil pump state；When
When user operates, system is periodically sent out in process to power supply sending mode, electric discharge, perception and punching oil instruction
E code electrical parameter is sent to control corona discharge.
Voltage acquisition module is directly read out by motion module and programmable controller module due to strong real-time.
Under cooked mode, motion module directly reads voltage acquisition module by A/D conversion and difference treated voltage；Manual
Under mode, perception voltage is converted to perceptual signal after treatment, is input in system by I/O module, programmable controller week
Phase refreshes IO input, and is directly read by motion module.
As shown in Fig. 2, motion module is by reading electrode voltage, to calculate electrode in discharging gap control process
The direction of movement and process velocity.V indicates front electrode voltage, V0Indicate electrode voltage when reaching optimal discharge gap,
In order to enable gap control is more stable, electric discharge reference voltage Δ V is can be set in system, and current program speed is F, when | V-
V0When |≤Δ V, electrode keeps equilibrium state, speed 0；When | V-V0When | >=Δ V, the process velocity of electrode are as follows:
F '=| V-V0|×F
And work as V-V0When > 0, electrode is mobile to forward direction, is forward travel state；Work as V-V0When < 0, electrode is mobile to opposite direction, is
Rollback state.Motion-control module saves all motor segments currently processed received, at most can store 2000 sections.
When being processed as forward travel state, motor segment carries out interpolation operation with positive direction, and the motor segment of all completions is labeled completion status；
When being processed as rollback state, all motor segments are traversed, modify Origin And Destination position therein, regenerate opposite direction movement
Section, the motor segment currently completed are changed to unfinished state, and current unprocessed motor segment is revised as being completed.If retracting
The starting point for reaching all paragraphs in the process, then alarm.
It is illustrated in figure 3 cutter lifting control flow.System reads continuous maching time parameter U, and the interpolation cycle of system is T,
The then periodicity that gap control needs to carry out are as follows: N=U ÷ T.The periodicity of current clearance control is calculated with a counter,
When Counter Value is more than or equal to N, then enters cutter lifting and act, record the starting point of cutter lifting at this time.Cutter lifting movement is divided into two
A stage: cutter lifting stage and drop knife stage.Similar with the fallback action in discharging gap control, in the cutter lifting stage, traversal is all
Motor segment modifies Origin And Destination position therein, regenerates opposite direction motor segment, and the motor segment currently completed is changed to
Unfinished state, current unprocessed motor segment is revised as being completed, and the movement speed of front electrode is revised as cutter lifting
Speed carries out reversed interpolation, when the path length summation of cutter lifting is more than or equal to cutter lifting height, into the drop knife stage；In drop knife rank
Section, traverses all motor segments again, modifies Origin And Destination position therein, regenerate positive direction motor segment, currently
The motor segment of completion is labeled as completion status, and current unprocessed motor segment is revised as not completing, and carries out forward direction to drop knife speed
Interpolation.In the drop knife stage, the length of interpolation is the length that cutter lifting height subtracts drop knife surplus, after dropping knife, electrode from
It reduces speed now at the distance of one drop knife surplus of cutter lifting starting point to process velocity.
As shown in figure 4, being electrode along former track rollback control flow.Gap control with cutter lifting control in, in order into
Row reversely retracts along former track and cutter lifting, has carried out maximum 2000 sections of preservation to all processed motor segments.In actual processing
In, it retracts and the critical distance of cutter lifting is not the starting point of entire program, but the starting point of a complete machining paragraph.Originally it sets
Using M code as separation in meter, processing sections are dropped into and have gone division.When motion-control module runs to M code, by it is all
The motor segment of completion all clears out of movement queue.When running to along former track back-off instruction, stop reforwarding after reading first
Section is moved, only works as all completion motor segments of previous paragraphs in hold queue；Then ignore currently-read electrode voltage value, directly
Fallback action is carried out until retracting to previous paragraphs starting point is worked as, queue is emptied at this time and read subsequent motion section, is carried out subsequent
Processing.
Claims (8)
1. being used for the numerical control device of spark erosion equipment, characterized by comprising:
Discharge power supply control module, for being controlled according to the instruction of digital control system spark discharge power supply；
Electrode voltage acquisition module, in electric discharge machining process, acquisition discharge voltage signal to be fed back to after carrying out A/D conversion
Digital control system；
Digital control system, for being moved according to discharge voltage by discharge power supply control module coordination electrode.
2. the numerical control device according to claim 1 for spark erosion equipment, it is characterised in that the digital control system
It is equipped with:
Motion-control module does difference processing with optimal discharge gap voltage for the discharge voltage signal after converting to A/D, locates
Voltage signal after reason is zero when electrode and workpiece reach optimal discharge gap, is positive value when being greater than discharging gap, is less than
It is negative value when discharging gap；The comparison result of voltage when according to treated voltage signal and optimal discharge gap, changes electricity
The process velocity of pole and direction.
3. being used for the control method of spark erosion equipment, which comprises the following steps:
Discharge power supply control module controls spark discharge power supply according to the instruction of digital control system；
For electrode voltage acquisition module in electric discharge machining process, acquisition discharge voltage signal feeds back to numerical control after carrying out A/D conversion
System；
Digital control system is moved according to discharge voltage by discharge power supply control module coordination electrode.
4. the control method according to claim 3 for spark erosion equipment, which is characterized in that the digital control system
According to discharge voltage by discharge power supply control module coordination electrode move the following steps are included:
Discharge voltage signal after motion-control module converts A/D does difference processing with optimal discharge gap voltage, after processing
Voltage signal be zero when electrode and workpiece reach optimal discharge gap, be positive value when being greater than optimal discharge gap, be less than
It is negative value when optimal discharge gap；Voltage when motion-control module is according to treated voltage signal and optimal discharge gap
Comparison result changes process velocity and the direction of electrode.
5. the control method according to claim 4 for spark erosion equipment, which is characterized in that described according to movement
The comparison result of voltage when the voltage signal of control module and optimal discharge gap, the process velocity and direction for changing electrode wrap
Include following steps:
Work as V-V0When > 0, electrode is mobile to forward direction, is forward travel state；Work as V-V0When < 0, electrode is mobile to opposite direction, for rollback shape
State；V indicates front electrode voltage, V0Indicate electrode voltage when reaching optimal discharge gap.
6. the control method according to claim 4 for spark erosion equipment, which is characterized in that the digital control system
Motion control and programmable controller are loaded on into system real-time kernel space, pass through system between task control and motion control
Shared communication buffer area communicate with each other, transmit command parameter and state parameter.
7. the control method according to claim 4 for spark erosion equipment, which is characterized in that the motion control
Module also executes cutter lifting control, specifically:
Continuous maching time parameter U, interpolation cycle T are read, then the periodicity that gap control needs to carry out are as follows: N=U ÷ T；
The periodicity that current clearance control is calculated with counter then enters cutter lifting and acts when Counter Value is more than or equal to N,
The starting point of cutter lifting, i.e., current Working position are recorded at this time；
Cutter lifting movement is divided into two stages: cutter lifting stage and drop knife stage；
In the cutter lifting stage, the motor segment of all machining locus is traversed, Origin And Destination location swap therein regenerates anti-
Direction motor segment, the motor segment currently completed are changed to unfinished state, and current unprocessed motor segment is revised as being completed,
And the movement speed of front electrode is revised as cutter lifting speed and carries out reversed interpolation；When cutter lifting path length summation be greater than etc.
When cutter lifting height, into the drop knife stage；
In the drop knife stage, all motor segments are traversed again, by Origin And Destination location swap therein, regenerate positive direction fortune
Dynamic section, the motor segment currently completed are labeled as completion status, and current unprocessed motor segment is revised as not completing, to drop knife
Speed carries out positive interpolation；In the drop knife stage, the length of interpolation is the length that cutter lifting height subtracts drop knife surplus, is terminated in drop knife
Afterwards, electrode reduces speed now with a distance from one from cutter lifting starting point drop knife surplus to process velocity.
8. the control method according to claim 4 for spark erosion equipment, which is characterized in that the motion control
Module also executes electrode along former track rollback control flow:
Using M code as separation, processing sections are dropped into and have gone division；
When motion-control module runs to M code, all completed motor segments are all cleared out of into movement queue；
When running to along former track back-off instruction, stops reading subsequent motion section first, only work as previous paragraphs in hold queue
All completion motor segments；Then ignore currently-read electrode voltage value, directly progress fallback action is until retracting to current
Queue is emptied at this time and is read subsequent motion section by paragraph starting point, carries out following process.
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| CN114043020A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-02-15 | 山东豪迈机械科技股份有限公司 | Circuit for removing electric spark machining gap electric erosion product and control method thereof |
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| CN113779731B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2023-08-11 | 深圳模德宝科技有限公司 | Numerical control electric spark machine tool machining program generation method, device and storage medium |
| CN114043020A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-02-15 | 山东豪迈机械科技股份有限公司 | Circuit for removing electric spark machining gap electric erosion product and control method thereof |
| CN114043020B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-08-19 | 山东豪迈机械科技股份有限公司 | Circuit for removing electric spark machining gap electric erosion product and control method thereof |
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