CN109932283B - Apparatus and method for measuring apparent viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids at high shear rates - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及非牛顿流体检测技术领域，尤其是涉及一种高剪切速率下非牛顿流体表观黏度测量装置及测量方法，包括测量本体、压差变送器和温度传感器，所述测量本体上开设有横截面呈矩形的微槽道，所述微槽道的高度与微槽道的宽度比值大于等于15，所述压差变送器包括两个均与信号调节电路板连接的压力传感器，两个所述压力传感器设置在微槽道内，两个所述压力传感器分别位于流体流过微槽道中层流的两端，所述温度传感器设置在微槽道内，本发明高剪切速率下非牛顿流体表观黏度测量装置在使用时，准确的测量高剪切速率下非牛顿流体的表观黏度能有助于更好地理解添加剂湍流减阻的机理，可忽略惯性和粘性加热等因素的影响，因此测量精度较高。
The invention relates to the technical field of non-Newtonian fluid detection, in particular to a non-Newtonian fluid apparent viscosity measurement device and measurement method under high shear rate, comprising a measurement body, a differential pressure transmitter and a temperature sensor. A micro-channel with a rectangular cross-section is provided, the ratio of the height of the micro-channel to the width of the micro-channel is greater than or equal to 15, and the differential pressure transmitter includes two pressure sensors both connected to the signal conditioning circuit board, The two pressure sensors are arranged in the microchannel, the two pressure sensors are respectively located at both ends of the laminar flow in the microchannel, and the temperature sensor is arranged in the microchannel. When the Newtonian fluid apparent viscosity measurement device is in use, the accurate measurement of the apparent viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids at high shear rates can help to better understand the mechanism of additive turbulent drag reduction. Factors such as inertia and viscous heating can be ignored. Therefore, the measurement accuracy is higher.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of non-Newtonian fluid detection, in particular to a device and a method for measuring apparent viscosity of non-Newtonian fluid at a high shear rate.
Background
With the development of society and economy, the world demand for energy is continuously improved, and energy conservation and emission reduction become more and more important. With the progress of research on drag reduction technology in academic circles, turbulent drag reduction of additives (such as surfactants, polymers, etc.) is found to be an effective energy-saving way, however, understanding the law of turbulent drag reduction of additives, particularly the drag reduction mechanism under high Reynolds number flow, is necessary to understand the rheological properties of drag reduction solutions under high shear rates (i.e., high Reynolds numbers). However, most current commercial rheometers can only measure the apparent viscosity of fluids at shear rates below 1000, and are susceptible to factors such as inertia and viscous heating, and the measured apparent viscosity is not very accurate.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problems that most of the conventional commercial rheometers can only measure the apparent viscosity of fluid at a shear rate of less than 1000, and the measured apparent viscosity is not very accurate due to the influence of factors such as inertia, viscous heating and the like, a device and a method for measuring the apparent viscosity of non-Newtonian fluid at a high shear rate are provided.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the utility model provides a non-Newtonian fluid apparent viscosity measuring device under high shear rate, is including measuring body, pressure differential transmitter and temperature sensor, set up the microchannel of transversal personally submitting the rectangle on the measurement body, the height of microchannel and the width ratio more than or equal to 15 of microchannel, pressure differential transmitter includes two pressure sensor all being connected with signal conditioning circuit board, two pressure sensor sets up in the microchannel, two pressure sensor is located the both ends that fluid flows through microchannel mesolamella respectively, temperature sensor sets up in the microchannel, the one end of measuring the body is provided with and is used for providing the feed liquor control mechanism that the fluid passes through for the microchannel.
The liquid inlet control mechanism is used for conveying fluid in the micro-channel of the measuring body, the pressure difference transmitter in the micro-channel is used for detecting the pressure difference at two ends of laminar flow in the micro-channel, and the temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the fluid because the temperature of the fluid can affect the detection data.
Further, feed liquor control mechanism includes syringe pump and syringe, the syringe is fixed on the syringe pump, the output of syringe and the micro channel intercommunication of measuring body one end. The syringe pump is controlled to convey fluid into the micro-channel of the measuring body.
Further, a flowmeter is arranged between the output end of the injector and the measuring body. In order to know the flow condition passing through the microchannel in the measuring body, the flow meter can be used for facilitating the staff to observe the flow condition passing through the microchannel in the measuring body.
Further, one end of the measuring body, which is far away from the liquid inlet control mechanism, is provided with a stop valve.
Furthermore, the measuring body comprises an inlet reducer pipe, an intermediate pipe and an outlet reducer pipe, the inlet reducer pipe is in threaded connection with one end of the intermediate pipe, the outlet reducer pipe is in threaded connection with the other end of the intermediate pipe, a first inner pipeline is arranged on the inlet reducer pipe, a micro channel is arranged on the intermediate pipe, a second inner pipeline is arranged on the outlet reducer pipe, the first inner pipeline, the micro channel and the second inner pipeline are communicated with each other, the flow area of the first inner pipeline is gradually increased from the liquid inlet control structure to the intermediate pipe, and the flow area of the second inner pipeline is gradually increased from one end of the outlet reducer pipe to the intermediate pipe. To facilitate installation of the shut-off valve and flow meter.
A method for measuring the apparent viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid at the high shear rate comprises the following steps:
s1, when the fluid flows through the micro-channel, the differential pressure delta p between two points of the fluid flowing at a constant flow Q can be measured by the differential pressure transmitter arranged in the micro-channel, and for the two-dimensional steady laminar flow which is fully developed, the differential pressure delta p and the wall shear stress tauwThe following relationships exist:
wdΔp＝2l0(w+d)τw
wherein d is the height of the micro-rectangular channel, and the unit of d is mm; w is the width of the micro-rectangular channel, and the unit of w is mum; Δ p is the differential pressure, Δ p is in kPa; l0Is the distance between two measuring points of the differential pressure transmitter, l0In units of mm; tau iswIs the wall shear stress, τwHas the unit of Pa;
s2, determining the wall shear rate gamma in the micro-channelwIs a linear function of flow Q:
wherein Q is the flow rate, and the unit of Q is μ l.min-1；γwIs the wall shear rate, gammawThe unit of (a) is Pa s,
the apparent shear rate can be approximated by the above formula and the actual wall shear rate can be obtained by the Weissenberg-Rabinowitsch-Mooney method:
s3, converting the relation between the measured pressure difference delta p and the flow Q into wall shear stress tauwAnd shear rate gammawAnd finally, calculating the apparent viscosity of the fluid:
in the formula eta (gamma)w，true) Is the apparent viscosity, eta (gamma) of the fluidw，true) Has the unit of pas, gammaw，trueIs the actual wall shear rate, γw，trueHas the unit of s-1。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the device for measuring the apparent viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid at the high shear rate is used, the accurate measurement of the apparent viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid at the high shear rate can be helpful for better understanding of the turbulence drag reduction mechanism of additives (such as surfactants, polymers and the like), and the influence of factors such as inertia, viscous heating and the like can be ignored, so that the measurement precision is higher, and the problem that the measured apparent viscosity is not very accurate because most of current commercial rheometers can only measure the apparent viscosity of the fluid at the shear rate of less than 1000 and are easily influenced by factors such as inertia, viscous heating and the like is solved.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the center tube of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the inlet reducer of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a front view of the outlet reducer of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a left side view of the outlet reducer of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a measuring body, 2, a differential pressure transmitter, 3, a temperature sensor, 4, an injection pump, 5, an injector, 6, a flowmeter, 7, a stop valve, 8, an inlet reducer, 9, an intermediate pipe, 901, a micro-channel, 10 and an outlet reducer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-2, a non-newtonian fluid apparent viscosity measuring device under high shear rate includes a measuring body 1, a differential pressure transducer 2 and a temperature sensor 3, the measuring body 1 is provided with a microchannel 901 with a rectangular cross section, a ratio of a height of the microchannel 901 to a width of the microchannel 901 is greater than or equal to 15, as shown in fig. 3, a width of the specific microchannel 901 refers to a short side of the cross section of the microchannel 901, and a height of the microchannel 901 refers to a long side of the cross section of the microchannel 901, the microchannel 901 with a rectangular structure is characterized in that the microchannel 901 has a small width, a flowing reynolds number is not too high, and a fluid is always kept in a laminar state, so that a corresponding relation between an apparent viscosity and a shear rate is ensured, and an aspect ratio is greater than 15, so that the microchannel 901 is a two-dimensional flowing channel, that an influence of a flow in a third direction is ignored, the differential pressure transmitter 2 comprises two pressure sensors which are connected with a signal regulating circuit board, the differential pressure transmitter 2 is an SLD type micro differential pressure transmitter 2 and is of the SLD3351-DP type, the two pressure sensors are arranged in the micro channel 901, the two pressure sensors are respectively positioned at two ends of laminar flow of fluid flowing through the micro channel 901, in order to prevent the differential pressure from being too small and difficult to measure, the distance between the two pressure sensors is not too small, and in order to ensure that the fluid flow is stable and not influenced by an inlet and an outlet, a certain distance is reserved between any one pressure sensor and the inlet and the outlet of the micro channel 901 on one side where the pressure sensor is positioned, as the temperature can also influence the detection result of the differential pressure transmitter 2, the temperature sensor 3 is arranged in the middle of the inner bottom of the micro channel 901, the type of the temperature sensor 3 is T10R-PT, and the temperature of the fluid is controlled to be constant through the temperature sensor 3, one end of the measuring body 1 is provided with a liquid inlet control mechanism for providing fluid for the micro-channel 901.
The liquid inlet control mechanism comprises an injection pump 4 and an injector 5, wherein the injector 5 is fixed on the injection pump 4, and the output end of the injector 5 is communicated with a micro-channel 901 at one end of the measuring body 1. The syringe pump 4 is model number LSP 01-1A.
A flowmeter 6 is arranged between the output end of the injector 5 and the measuring body 1.
One end of the measuring body 1 far away from the liquid inlet control mechanism is provided with a stop valve 7.
As shown in fig. 4-7, the measuring body 1 includes an inlet reducer 8, an intermediate pipe 9 and an outlet reducer 10, the inlet reducer 8 is connected to one end of the intermediate pipe 9 by screw threads, the intermediate pipe 9 is formed by bonding upper and lower semi-cylindrical organic glasses, before the upper semi-cylindrical organic glass is bonded into a whole, a micro-channel with a rectangular structure with a corresponding size is processed at the center of the rectangular surface, then the lower semi-cylindrical organic glass is bonded and forms a micro-channel 901 through which fluid enters and exits from two ends, the outlet reducer 10 is connected to the other end of the intermediate pipe 9 by screw threads, the inlet reducer 8 is provided with a first inner channel, the micro-channel 901 is arranged on the intermediate pipe 9, the outlet reducer 10 is provided with a second inner channel, the first inner channel, the micro-channel 901 and the second inner channel are communicated with each other, the flow area of the first inner pipeline is gradually increased from the liquid inlet control structure to the middle pipe 9, and the flow area of the second inner pipeline is gradually increased from one end of the outlet reducer pipe 10 to the middle pipe 9.
Before the experiment is started, the device is slowly filled with the fluid to be measured under the condition that the stop valve 7 at the end of the measuring body 1 far away from the liquid inlet control mechanism is closed, and then the device is placed still. And then the glass syringe 5 is used for pumping the liquid to be measured until the liquid reaches the required dosage of the experiment, and the output end of the syringe 5 is connected with the inlet reducer 8 and then fixed on the corresponding position of the injection pump 4.
At the beginning of the experiment, the value of the differential pressure transmitter 2 needs to be reset to zero before the injection pump 4 is started.
The fluid flow that utilizes syringe pump 4 can be earlier 5 shoves glass syringes 5 carries out the coarse tune, then the apparent flow through the feedback of tiny gear flowmeter 6, again finely tune syringe pump 4, until reaching the required constant flow of experiment, two pressure sensors on the differential pressure changer 2 of rethread detect, the data feedback that pressure sensor detected handles on the signal conditioning circuit board, the data after the processing is shown through the display screen, temperature sensor 3 also can show the temperature of current fluid in real time simultaneously.
A method for measuring the apparent viscosity of the non-Newtonian fluid at the high shear rate comprises the following steps:
s1, when the fluid flows through the micro-channel 901, the differential pressure delta p between two points of the fluid flowing at a constant flow Q can be measured by the differential pressure transmitter 2 arranged in the micro-channel 901, and for the two-dimensional steady laminar flow which is fully developed, the differential pressure delta p and the wall shear stress tauwThe following relationships exist:
wdΔp＝2l0(w+d)τw
wherein d is the height of the micro-rectangular channel, and the unit of d is mm; w is the width of the micro-rectangular channel, and the unit of w is mum; Δ p is the differential pressure, Δ p is in kPa; l0Is the distance between two measuring points of the differential pressure transmitter 2, l0In units of mm; tau iswIs the wall shear stress, τwHas the unit of Pa;
s2, determining the wall shear rate gamma in the micro-channel 901wIs a linear function of flow Q:
wherein Q is the flow rate, and the unit of Q is μ l.min-1；γwIs the wall shear rate, gammawThe unit of (a) is Pa s,
the apparent shear rate can be approximated by the above formula and the actual wall shear rate can be obtained by the Weissenberg-Rabinowitsch-Mooney method:
s3, converting the relation between the measured pressure difference delta p and the flow Q into wall shear stress tauwAnd shear rate gammawAnd finally, calculating the apparent viscosity of the fluid:
in the formula eta (gamma)w，true) Is the apparent viscosity, eta (gamma) of the fluidw，true) Has the unit of pas, gammaw，trueIs the actual wall shear rate, γw，trueHas the unit of s-1。
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that numerous changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
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Application publication date: 20190625 Assignee: Changzhou Ruixinteng Microelectronics Co.,Ltd. Assignor: CHANGZHOU University Contract record no.: X2023980054127 Denomination of invention: Device and measurement method for measuring the apparent viscosity of non Newtonian fluids at high shear rates Granted publication date: 20210727 License type: Common License Record date: 20231227 |
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