CN109855600A - A kind of gradient measuring device and its measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of gradient measuring device and its measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109855600A CN109855600A CN201910295401.7A CN201910295401A CN109855600A CN 109855600 A CN109855600 A CN 109855600A CN 201910295401 A CN201910295401 A CN 201910295401A CN 109855600 A CN109855600 A CN 109855600A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种坡度测量装置及其测量方法，包括底部固定调平机构、竖向旋转支撑机构和水平测量机构，所述竖向旋转支撑机构下端与所述底部固定调平机构连接并可绕所述底部固定调平机构旋转，所述竖向旋转支撑机构下端设有能够读取所述竖向旋转支撑机构旋转角度的角度测量装置，所述竖向旋转支撑机构上端与所述水平测量机构连接并能够带动所述水平测量机构一起旋转，所述水平测量机构包括水平伸缩杆、激光测距仪和激光距离显示器，所述激光测距仪安装在所述水平伸缩杆的伸缩端。本发明中的坡度测量装置具有使用方便，测量精确，节约人工成本等优点，同时对一些坡度较大、环境较为恶劣和上、下边缘存在瑕疵的坡度也能进行准确的测量。
The invention discloses a slope measuring device and a measuring method thereof, comprising a bottom fixed leveling mechanism, a vertical rotating support mechanism and a horizontal measuring mechanism. The lower end of the vertical rotating support mechanism is connected with the bottom fixed leveling mechanism and can be Rotating around the bottom fixed leveling mechanism, the lower end of the vertical rotation support mechanism is provided with an angle measuring device capable of reading the rotation angle of the vertical rotation support mechanism, and the upper end of the vertical rotation support mechanism is connected to the horizontal measurement device. The mechanism is connected and can drive the horizontal measuring mechanism to rotate together, the horizontal measuring mechanism includes a horizontal telescopic rod, a laser range finder and a laser distance display, and the laser range finder is installed on the telescopic end of the horizontal telescopic rod. The gradient measuring device in the present invention has the advantages of convenient use, accurate measurement, labor cost saving and the like, and can also accurately measure some gradients with large gradients, harsh environments and flaws on the upper and lower edges.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engineering measuring technology field, specially a kind of measurement in civil engineering device and method, especially
It is related to a kind of gradient measuring device and its measurement method.
Background technique
In civil construction project industry, accurately measuring is to guarantee the essential controlling ring of construction quality
Section will bring the linear difference of appearance, the problems such as structure stress is unreasonable, sternly if measurement method is improper directly to building structure
Ghost image rings applicability and durability of structure etc., brings huge security risk and economic loss.
The gradient is a kind of very common structure type in modern civil construction project industry, existing to survey for the gradient
The mode of amount mainly determines that this measurement method is inaccurate on the one hand there are biggish measurement error by artificial measuring tape；Separately
On the one hand it needs more people to co-operate, checks repeatedly, it appears cumbersome.In addition to this, although also occurring now some using red
The more convenient accurate mode such as outside line ranging, but the slope more standardized both for outer profile directly determines slope measuring side
To, more or less there is certain flaw in the outer profile of engineering structure object, using such methods determine value of slope whether
Accurately it need to be inquired into.
Therefore, how further to research and develop and improve in existing slope measuring technology, be to guarantee that engineering structure construction is accurate
The important measure of property and safety in utilization.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of gradient measuring device, which, which has, uses
The advantages that convenient, measurement is accurate, saves cost of labor, at the same the measuring device is larger to some gradients, environment is more severe and
There are the gradients of flaw also can be carried out accurate measurement at upper and lower edge.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs the following technical solutions:
A kind of gradient measuring device, including the fixed levelling mechanism in sequentially connected bottom, vertical rotation support from top to bottom
Mechanism and horizontal measurement mechanism, the fixed levelling mechanism in the bottom are mounted on the top of the gradient to be measured, the vertical rotation branch
Support mechanism lower end connect with the fixed levelling mechanism in the bottom and can be around the fixed levelling mechanism rotation in the bottom, the vertical rotation
Turn supporting mechanism lower end and is equipped with the angle measurement unit that can read the vertical rotary support mechanism rotation angle, it is described vertical
Rotary support mechanism upper end, which connects with the horizontal measurement mechanism and is able to drive together with the horizontal measurement mechanism, to rotate, described
Horizontal measurement mechanism includes that horizontal extension bar, laser range finder and the laser distance being electrically connected with the laser range finder are shown
Device, the laser range finder are mounted on the telescopic end of the horizontal extension bar by laser range finder levelling mechanism.
Laser range finder is a kind of capable of emitting laser and carries out the instrument of Accurate Determining to the distance of object to be measured.
The working principle of the invention is:, will when being measured using gradient measuring device of the invention to the gradient to be measured
Gradient measuring device is mounted in the gradient to be measured by the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom；By the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom to water
Flat telescopic rod is leveled, and is leveled by laser range finder levelling mechanism to laser range finder, so that laser range finder is sent out
The laser penetrated is radiated at vertically downward in the gradient to be measured, then by vertical rotary support mechanism together with horizontal measurement mechanism one
Any position for rotating to the gradient to be measured is acted, the reading α on angle measurement unit at this time is recorded, opens laser range finder,
So that laser range finder transmitting and is radiated in the gradient to be measured laser, records and shown on laser distance display at this time
Laser range finder distance h between the projection in the gradient to be measured with laser that laser range finder issues1；Adjust horizontal extension
Bar is recorded at this time again so that horizontal extension bar drives laser range finder to shorten/extend a certain distance s in the horizontal direction
Projection of the laser that the laser range finder that shows on laser distance display and laser range finder issue in the gradient to be measured it
Between distance h2；Then vertical rotary support mechanism is rotated again together with horizontal measurement mechanism, rotation while is observed
Projection of the laser that the laser range finder that shows on laser distance display and laser range finder issue in the gradient to be measured it
Between distance, when the distance reaches h2When, stop the rotation of vertical rotary support mechanism and horizontal measurement mechanism, records at this time
Reading α on angle measurement unit1；Horizontal extension bar is adjusted, so that horizontal extension bar drives laser range finder in the horizontal direction
Extension/contraction distance s adjusts vertical rotary support mechanism and makes the laser range finder and laser that show on laser distance display
Distance of the laser that rangefinder issues between the projection in the gradient to be measured is h1, record on angle measurement unit at this time
Read α2；The data and relevant geometrical relationship that are obtained according to measurement can obtain the calculation formula of the gradient are as follows:
In formula:θ1For value of slope to be measured.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: when being measured using gradient measuring device of the invention to the gradient to be measured, only
It needs to be acquired the related data of the gradient to be measured using angle measurement unit and laser distance display, recycle
Data and geometrical relationship carry out calculating the value of slope that can be obtained by the gradient to be measured, and measurement accuracy compares traditional artificial drawing
Ruler measurement is more accurate, reduces unnecessary error caused by artificial measuring tape measurement, while one can complete entirely to survey
Amount process, with traditional artificial measuring tape need more people jointly cooperate complete measure mode compared with, greatly reduce use it is artificial
Cost in the case that, environment larger for some gradients is more dangerous, utilizes the gradient measuring device in the present invention, measures people
Member can the safety zone as top of the slope or bottom of slope complete operation, ensure that the personal safety in measurement process, solve existing survey
The problem of amount method performance difficulty.In addition compared to occur now be confined to outer profile compare specification ramp slope measurement it is red
External pelivimetry method, the gradient measuring device do not have to the case where worrying that there are flaws at slope upper and lower part edge, can be directly to any flat
Whole slope slope surface measures.
Therefore the advantages that gradient measuring device in the present invention has easy to use, and measurement is accurate, saves cost of labor, together
When it is larger to some gradients, there are the gradients of flaw also can be carried out accurate measurement at environment more severe and upper and lower edge.
Preferably, the horizontal extension bar includes the first level telescopic rod and the second horizontal extension laterally arranged parallel
Bar, the laser range finder levelling mechanism are laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob, and the both ends of the laser range finder lead to respectively
Laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob is crossed to be mounted on the first level telescopic rod and the second horizontal extension bar, it is described to swash
The upper end of optar is higher than the plane where the first level telescopic rod and the second horizontal extension bar, and swashs described
The upper end of optar is equipped with first level instrument.
In this way, can be used for being adjusted the position of laser range finder by laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob, and benefit
Laser range finder is observed with the first level instrument of laser range finder upper end that whether adjusting is horizontal, guarantees Laser Measuring with this
The laser vertical irradiation that distance meter issues ensure that the accuracy of laser range finder DATA REASONING in the gradient to be measured.
Preferably, the horizontal measurement mechanism further includes support and the shaft with support rotation connection, the support
It is connect with the vertical rotary support mechanism, the branch base rear end is for installing the laser distance display, before the support
End is for installing the first level telescopic rod and the second horizontal extension bar, the first level telescopic rod and described second
The fixed connection opposite with the shaft of horizontal extension bar can simultaneously be rotated together with the shaft, and the shaft stretches out the support
One end relatively fixed be connected with telescopic rod horizontal adjustment knob, the first level telescopic rod and the second horizontal extension bar
The part for stretching out the support is also equipped with the second level meter.
In this way, can by rotate telescopic rod horizontal adjustment knob so that shaft be able to drive first level telescopic rod and
The rotation of second horizontal extension bar, first level telescopic rod is observed by the second level meter and the second level is stretched during rotation
Whether contracting bar has adjusted level.
Preferably, the angle measurement unit includes pointer and dial, the pointer and the vertical rotation support machine
Structure is relative to fixed connection and can rotate with the vertical rotary support mechanism, and it is solid that the dial is mounted on the bottom
It sets the tone the upper end of flattening mechanism.
In this way, the vertical rotary support mechanism is in the fixed tune in the relatively described bottom when measuring to the gradient to be measured
When flattening mechanism rotates, the pointer indicates angle on the dial relative to the scale disc spins, by the pointer
The available vertical rotary support mechanism rotation of variation angle change.
Preferably, the fixed levelling mechanism in the bottom includes the pedestal on top and the mounting base of lower part, the mounting base
Lower end offers fixed bolt hole, and the upper end of the pedestal is equipped with fixed knob, the fixed knob for the pedestal and
The connection of the vertical rotary support mechanism, is attached between the pedestal and the mounting base by foot screw.
In this way, the fixed bolt hole of mounting base lower end is used for the fixed leveling in bottom when measuring to the gradient to be measured
Mechanism is fixed in the gradient to be measured by the bolt on bolt or tripod pre-buried in the gradient to be measured, and foot screw is used for accurate adjustment water
Flat telescopic rod is to horizontal position.
Preferably, the horizontal extension bar has several segments of equal length.
In this way, horizontal extension bar is made into several segments with equal length, measured in this way to the gradient to be measured
When, a segment is elongated or shortened every time, can make the distance elongated or shortened every time consistent in this way, while operator
Member in actual use, only needs to change a segmental length every time, and it is quick that it is more convenient to use.
Preferably, the horizontal extension bar is equipped with graduation mark.
In this way, during actual measurement, it can convenient read level telescopic rod by the graduation mark on horizontal extension bar
Shortening/elongation distance.
A kind of slope measuring method, comprising the following steps:
1) gradient measuring device is mounted in the gradient to be measured by the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom；
2) horizontal extension bar is leveled by the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom, then is revolved by laser range finder Level tune
Button levels laser range finder, so that the laser of laser range finder transmitting is radiated at vertically downward in the gradient to be measured；
3) vertical rotary support mechanism is rotated to any position of the gradient to be measured together with horizontal measurement mechanism, is remembered
Reading α on angle measurement unit at this time under record, opens laser range finder so that laser range finder transmitting laser and be radiated to
In the gradient of measurement, the laser that the laser range finder shown on laser distance display at this time and laser range finder issue is recorded
Distance h between the projection in the gradient to be measured1；
4) horizontal extension bar is adjusted, shortening/elongation is certain in the horizontal direction so that horizontal extension bar drives laser range finder
Distance s, record the laser that the laser range finder that shows on laser distance display at this time and laser range finder issue again
Distance h between the projection in the gradient to be measured2；
5) vertical rotary support mechanism is rotated again together with horizontal measurement mechanism, while rotation observation laser away from
The laser issued from the laser range finder shown on display and laser range finder between the projection in the gradient to be measured away from
From when the distance reaches h2When, stop the rotation of vertical rotary support mechanism and horizontal measurement mechanism, records angle survey at this time
Measure the reading α on device1；
6) adjust horizontal extension bar so that horizontal extension bar drive laser range finder it is horizontally elongated/shorten distance
S adjusts vertical rotary support mechanism and the laser range finder shown on laser distance display and laser range finder is issued
Distance of the laser between the projection in the gradient to be measured is h1, record the reading α on angle measurement unit at this time2；
7) calculating of the data and the available gradient of relevant geometrical relationship obtained according to step 1 to step 5 measurement is public
Formula are as follows:
In formula:θ1For value of slope to be measured.
In this way, the data and relevant geometrical relationship that are obtained according to measurement can obtain the value of slope of the gradient to be measured, from
And complete the measurement to the gradient to be measured.
It preferably, in step 4), further include adjusting horizontal extension bar again, so that horizontal extension bar drives Laser Measuring
Distance meter shortens again in the horizontal direction/extends a certain distance s, records the Laser Measuring shown on laser distance display at this time
Distance meter distance h between the projection in the gradient to be measured with laser that laser range finder issues3；
It further include when laser distance display display distance is h in step 5)3When, record the dress of angle measurement at this time
The reading α set3；
Further include following gradient calculation formula in step 7):
In formula:θ2For value of slope to be measured；
The average value θ ' of comprehensive two available gradients of slope measurement,
In this way, obtaining the value of slope of two different locations of the gradient to be measured by measurement, then two value of slope are averaging, this
The value of slope that sample makes is more accurate, improves the precision of measurement.
It preferably, further include adjusting horizontal extension bar again, so that horizontal extension bar drives laser ranging in step 4)
Instrument shortens again in the horizontal direction/extends a certain distance s, records the laser ranging shown on laser distance display at this time
Instrument distance h between the projection in the gradient to be measured with laser that laser range finder issues4；
It further include when laser distance display display distance is h in step 5)4When, record the dress of angle measurement at this time
The reading α set4；
Further include following gradient calculation formula in step 7):
In formula:θ3For value of slope to be measured.
The average value θ of comprehensive three available gradients of slope measurement,
In this way, obtaining the value of slope of three different locations of the gradient to be measured by measurement, then three value of slope are averaging, this
Sample improves the precision of measurement further such that obtained value of slope is more accurate again.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of invention clearer, the present invention is made into one below in conjunction with attached drawing
The detailed description of step, in which:
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of gradient measuring device in the embodiment of the present invention；
The structural schematic diagram of horizontal measurement mechanism in Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of vertical rotary support mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention at laser range finder leveling；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention at horizontal extension bar leveling；
Fig. 7 is use and the measuring principle schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of symbols: horizontal measurement mechanism 1, laser range finder 11, first level instrument 12, conducting wire 13, laser ranging
Instrument horizontal adjustment knob 14, horizontal extension bar 15, first level telescopic rod 151, the second horizontal extension bar 152, graduation mark 16,
Two level meters 17, telescopic rod horizontal adjustment knob 18, laser distance display 19, vertical rotary support mechanism 2, the first brake
Structure 21, pointer 23, the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom, dial 31, foot screw 32, mounting base 33, is fixed second arrestment mechanism 22
Knob 34, pedestal 35, the gradient to be measured 4；
A point is the position of first time laser range finder, and B point is that the laser that A dot laser rangefinder issues is beaten on slope to be measured
Subpoint on degree, A ' point are the position that horizontal extension bar shortens laser range finder after s, and B ' point is that A ' dot laser rangefinder issues
Laser beat the subpoint in the gradient to be measured, G point is the point on the laser projection to plane that A ' dot laser rangefinder issues,
F point is that vertical rotating mechanism rotates angle [alpha]1The position of second of laser range finder afterwards, E point are what F dot laser rangefinder issued
Laser beats the subpoint in the gradient to be measured, and F ' point is the position that horizontal extension bar shortens laser range finder after s, and E ' point is F '
The laser that dot laser rangefinder issues beats the subpoint in the gradient to be measured, and H point is the laser that F ' dot laser rangefinder issues
The point in plane is projected to, D point and I point are respectively the midpoint of BE line segment and B ' E ' line segment, and D ' is that I point projects in plane
Point, J point are the intersection point for making vertical line to BE line segment by G point, a height of h', h of vertical line1And h2Respectively horizontal extension bar shortens front and back
Laser range finder beats the distance between the subpoint in slope surface to the laser that laser range finder issues.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
In the present embodiment, one end where horizontal extension bar is defined as support front end, laser distance display place
One end be branch base rear end.
As shown in attached drawing 1 to attached drawing 4, a kind of gradient measuring device, including the fixed tune in sequentially connected bottom from top to bottom
Flattening mechanism 3, vertical rotary support mechanism 2 and horizontal measurement mechanism 1, the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom are mounted on the gradient to be measured
Top, vertical 2 lower end of rotary support mechanism connect with the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom and can rotate around the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom,
Vertical 2 lower end of rotary support mechanism, which is equipped with, can read the angle measurement unit that vertical rotary support mechanism 2 rotates angle, vertically
2 upper end of rotary support mechanism connect with horizontal measurement mechanism 1 and is able to drive horizontal measurement mechanism 1 to rotate together, horizontal measurement
Mechanism 1 includes horizontal extension bar 15, laser range finder 11 and the laser distance display 19 being electrically connected with laser range finder 11, this
It in embodiment, is attached between laser range finder 11 and laser distance display 19 by conducting wire, laser range finder 11 passes through
Laser range finder levelling mechanism is mounted on the telescopic end of horizontal extension bar 15.
Laser range finder 11 is a kind of capable of emitting laser and carries out the instrument of Accurate Determining to the distance of object to be measured.
When measuring using gradient measuring device of the invention to the gradient to be measured, gradient measuring device is passed through into bottom
Fixed levelling mechanism 3 is mounted in the gradient to be measured；Horizontal extension bar is leveled by the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom, is led to
It crosses laser range finder levelling mechanism to level laser range finder, so that the laser of laser range finder transmitting irradiates vertically downward
In the gradient to be measured；Then vertical rotary support mechanism 2 is rotated into the gradient to be measured together with horizontal measurement mechanism 1
Any position, record the reading α on angle measurement unit at this time, laser range finder 11 opened, so that laser range finder 11
Transmitting laser is simultaneously radiated in the gradient to be measured, records the laser range finder 11 shown on laser distance display 19 at this time
The laser issued with laser range finder 11 distance h between the projection in the gradient to be measured1；Horizontal extension bar 15 is adjusted, is made
Obtaining horizontal extension bar 15 drives laser range finder 11 to shorten/extend a certain distance s in the horizontal direction, records swash at this time again
Throwing of the laser that the laser range finder 11 and laser range finder 11 shown on electrical distance display 19 issues in the gradient to be measured
The distance between shadow h2；Then vertical rotary support mechanism 2 is rotated again together with horizontal measurement mechanism 1, rotation it is same
When observation laser distance display 19 on the laser that issues of the laser range finder 11 that shows and laser range finder 11 on slope to be measured
The distance between projection on degree, when the distance reaches h2When, stop vertical rotary support mechanism 2 and horizontal measurement mechanism 1
Rotation, records the reading α on angle measurement unit at this time1；Horizontal extension bar 15 is adjusted, is swashed so that horizontal extension bar 15 drives
Optar 11 is horizontally elongated/shorten distance s, it adjusts vertical rotary support mechanism 2 and makes laser distance display 19
The laser that the laser range finder 11 of upper display is issued with laser range finder 11 between the projection in the gradient to be measured at a distance from be
h1, record the reading α on angle measurement unit at this time2；The data and relevant geometrical relationship obtained according to measurement can obtain
To the calculation formula of the gradient are as follows:
In formula:θ1For value of slope to be measured.
When being measured using gradient measuring device of the invention to the gradient to be measured, it is only necessary to using angle measurement unit and
Laser distance display 19 is acquired the related data of the gradient to be measured, and the data and geometrical relationship recycled are counted
The value of slope that can be obtained by the gradient to be measured is calculated, measurement accuracy is more accurate compared to traditional artificial measuring tape measurement, reduces
Unnecessary error caused by artificial measuring tape measurement, while one can complete entire measurement process, with traditional artificial drawing
Ruler need more people cooperate jointly complete measure mode compare, greatly reduce the cost of labor used, for some gradients compared with
Greatly, in the case that environment is more dangerous, using the gradient measuring device in the present invention, survey crew can top of the slope or bottom of slope in this way
Safety zone complete operation, ensure that the personal safety in measurement process, solve the problems, such as existing measurement method performance difficulty.
In addition compared to the infrared survey method for being confined to outer profile and comparing the ramp slope measurement of specification occurred now, the slope measuring
Device does not have to the case where worrying that there are flaws at slope upper and lower part edge, can directly measure to any smooth slope slope surface.
Therefore the advantages that gradient measuring device in the present invention has easy to use, and measurement is accurate, saves cost of labor, together
When it is larger to some gradients, there are the gradients of flaw also can be carried out accurate measurement at environment more severe and upper and lower edge.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 5, horizontal extension bar 15 includes the first level telescopic rod laterally arranged parallel
151 and the second horizontal extension bar 152, laser range finder levelling mechanism be laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob 14, the laser
The both ends of rangefinder 11 pass through laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob 14 respectively and are mounted on first level telescopic rod 151 and described
On two horizontal extension bars 152,11 upper end of laser range finder is higher than 152 institute of first level telescopic rod 151 and the second horizontal extension bar
Plane, and first level instrument 12 is installed in the upper end of laser range finder 11.
In this way, can be used for being adjusted the position of laser range finder 11 by laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob 14,
And the whether adjusting level of laser range finder 11 is observed using the first level instrument 12 of 11 upper end of laser range finder, come with this
Guarantee that the laser vertical irradiation of the sending of laser range finder 11 in the gradient to be measured, ensure that 11 DATA REASONING of laser range finder
Accuracy.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 6, horizontal measurement mechanism 1 further includes support and turn with support rotation connection
Axis, support are connect with vertical rotary support mechanism 2, and for installing laser distance display 19, support front end is used for branch base rear end
First level telescopic rod 151 and the second horizontal extension bar 152, first level telescopic rod 151 and the second horizontal extension bar 152 are installed
Fixed connection opposite with shaft can simultaneously be rotated together with shaft, and one end of shaft stretching support is relatively fixed to be connected with telescopic rod
The part that horizontal adjustment knob 18, first level telescopic rod 151 and the second horizontal extension bar 152 stretch out support is also equipped with second
Level meter 17.
In this way, can be by rotating telescopic rod horizontal adjustment knob 18, so that shaft is able to drive first level telescopic rod
151 and second horizontal extension bar 152 rotate, first level telescopic rod is observed by the second level meter 17 during rotation
151 and second horizontal extension bar 152 whether adjusted level.
In the present embodiment, angle measurement unit includes pointer 23 and dial 31, pointer 23 and vertically rotation support machine
Structure 2 is relative to fixed connection and can rotate with vertical rotary support mechanism 2, and dial 31 is mounted on the fixed leveling machine in bottom
The upper end of structure 3.
In this way, vertical rotary support mechanism 2 is in the fixed levelling mechanism 3 of opposing floor portion when measuring to the gradient to be measured
When rotation, pointer 23 is rotated relative to dial 31, indicates that the variation of angle is available on dial 31 by pointer 23
The angle change that vertical rotary support mechanism 2 rotates.
In the present embodiment, the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom includes the pedestal 35 on top and the mounting base 33 of lower part, mounting base
33 lower end offers fixed bolt hole, and the upper end of pedestal 35 is equipped with fixed knob 34, and fixed knob 34 is used for 35 He of pedestal
The connection of vertical rotary support mechanism 2, is attached between pedestal 35 and mounting base 33 by foot screw 32.
In this way, the fixed bolt hole of 33 lower end of mounting base is used for the fixed tune in bottom when measuring to the gradient to be measured
Flattening mechanism 3 is fixed in the gradient to be measured by the bolt on bolt or tripod pre-buried in the gradient to be measured, and foot screw 32 is used for
Accurate adjustment horizontal extension bar 15 is to horizontal position.
The first arrestment mechanism 21 and the second arrestment mechanism 22, the first brake are additionally provided on vertical rotary support mechanism 2
Structure 21 is used to lock both horizontal measurement mechanism 1 and vertical rotary support mechanism 2, avoids in measurement process, horizontal measurement
Mechanism 1 is swung relative to vertical rotary support mechanism 2, and the second arrestment mechanism 22 is used for vertical rotary support mechanism 2 and bottom
The locking of both fixed levelling mechanisms 3, avoids in measurement process, and vertical rotary support mechanism 2 is relative to the fixed leveling machine in bottom
Structure 3 rotates, and guarantees in entire measurement process, the accuracy of relative position between each mechanism, and be further ensured that the accurate of measurement
Property.
In the present embodiment, horizontal extension bar 15 has several segments of equal length.
For the convenience used, horizontal extension bar 15 is made into several segments with equal length, in this way to be measured
When the gradient measures, a segment is elongated or shortened every time, can make the distance one elongated or shortened every time in this way
It causes, while operator is in actual use, only needs to change a segmental length every time, it is fast that it is more convenient to use
It is prompt.In the present embodiment, horizontal extension bar 15 is made into four segments with equal length.
In the present embodiment, the distance of read level telescopic rod 15 elongation and shortening for convenience, in horizontal extension bar
15 are equipped with graduation mark 16.
In this way, can easily read level be stretched during actual measurement by the graduation mark 16 on horizontal extension bar 15
15 shortenings of contracting bar/elongation distance.
A kind of slope measuring method, comprising the following steps:
1) gradient measuring device is mounted in the gradient to be measured by the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom；
2) horizontal extension bar 15 is leveled by the fixed levelling mechanism 3 in bottom, then is adjusted by laser range finder level
Section knob 14 laser range finder 11 is leveled so that laser range finder 11 emit laser be radiated at vertically downward it is to be measured
The gradient on；
3) vertical rotary support mechanism 2 is rotated to any position of the gradient to be measured together with horizontal measurement mechanism 1,
The reading α on angle measurement unit at this time is recorded, laser range finder 11 is opened, so that laser range finder 11 emits laser and shines
It penetrates in the gradient to be measured, records the laser range finder 11 and laser range finder shown on laser distance display 19 at this time
Distance h of 11 laser issued between the projection in the gradient to be measured1；
4) horizontal extension bar 15 is adjusted, so that horizontal extension bar 15 drives laser range finder 11 to shorten in the horizontal direction/stretch
Long a certain distance s records the laser range finder 11 and laser range finder shown on laser distance display 19 at this time again
Distance h of 11 laser issued between the projection in the gradient to be measured2；
5) vertical rotary support mechanism 2 is rotated again together with horizontal measurement mechanism 1, rotation while observes laser
Projection of the laser that the laser range finder 11 and laser range finder 11 shown on range display 19 issues in the gradient to be measured
The distance between, when the distance reaches h2When, stop the rotation of vertical rotary support mechanism 2 and horizontal measurement mechanism 1, records
Reading α on angle measurement unit at this time1；
6) adjust horizontal extension bar 15 so that horizontal extension bar 15 drive laser range finder 11 it is horizontally elongated/contracting
Short distance s adjusts vertical rotary support mechanism 2 and makes the laser range finder 11 shown on laser distance display 19 and Laser Measuring
Distance of the laser that distance meter 11 issues between the projection in the gradient to be measured is h1, record on angle measurement unit at this time
Read α2；
7) calculating of the data and the available gradient of relevant geometrical relationship obtained according to step 1 to step 5 measurement is public
Formula are as follows:
In formula:θ1For value of slope to be measured.
In this way, the data and relevant geometrical relationship that are obtained according to measurement can obtain the value of slope of the gradient to be measured, from
And complete the measurement to the gradient to be measured.
It in the present embodiment, in step 4), further include horizontal extension bar 15 being adjusted again, so that 15 band of horizontal extension bar
Dynamic laser range finder 11 shortens again in the horizontal direction/extends a certain distance s, records on laser distance display 19 at this time
The laser that the laser range finder 11 of display is issued with laser range finder 11 distance h between the projection in the gradient to be measured3；
It further include when 19 display distance of laser distance display is h in step 5)3When, record angle measurement at this time
Reading α on device3；
Further include following gradient calculation formula in step 7):
In formula:θ2For value of slope to be measured；
The average value θ ' of comprehensive two available gradients of slope measurement,
In this way, obtaining the value of slope of two different locations of the gradient to be measured by measurement, then two value of slope are averaging, this
The value of slope that sample makes is more accurate, improves the precision of measurement.
It preferably, further include adjusting horizontal extension bar 15 again, so that horizontal extension bar 15 drives laser in step 4)
Rangefinder 11 shortens again in the horizontal direction/extends a certain distance s, records and shows on laser distance display 19 at this time
The laser that laser range finder 11 is issued with laser range finder 11 distance h between the projection in the gradient to be measured4；
It further include when 19 display distance of laser distance display is h in step 5)4When, record angle measurement at this time
Reading α on device4；
Further include following gradient calculation formula in step 7):
In formula:θ3For value of slope to be measured.
The average value θ of comprehensive three available gradients of slope measurement,
In this way, obtaining the value of slope of three different locations of the gradient to be measured by measurement, then three value of slope are averaging, this
Sample improves the precision of measurement further such that obtained value of slope is more accurate again.
7 pairs of measurement methods of the invention are described further with reference to the accompanying drawing:
When measuring to the gradient 4 to be measured, the measuring device in the present invention is first fixedly mounted on the gradient 4 to be measured
On, laser range finder 11 is located at the position of A point at this time, opens laser range finder 11, and laser range finder 11 issues laser irradiation and exists
At the B point of the gradient 4 to be measured, the distance of A point to B point is h1, horizontal extension bar 15 is then shortened into distance s, at this time Laser Measuring
Distance meter 11 is located at the position of A ' point, and laser range finder 11 issues laser and is radiated at the B ' of the gradient 4 to be measured, and A ' point is to B's '
Distance is h2, while finding the G point on the laser projection to plane of the sending of A ' dot laser rangefinder 11.
Vertical rotary support mechanism 2 drive horizontal measurement mechanism 1 is rotated into angle [alpha] together1, laser range finder 11 at this time
In the position of F ', laser range finder 11 issues laser irradiation at gradient E ' point to be measured, and the distance of F ' point to E ' point is h2, so
Afterwards by 15 elongated distance s of horizontal extension bar, laser range finder 11 is located at the position of F point at this time, and laser range finder 11 issues laser
And be radiated at the E of the gradient 4 to be measured, the distance of F point to E point is h1, while finding swashing for the sending of E ' dot laser rangefinder 11
Light projects to the point of the H in plane.
Obtained G point and H point are subjected to line, B ' point and E ' point carry out line, and B point and E point carry out line, find line segment
The emphasis D ' and I of GH and line segment B ' E ', in addition does vertical line from G point to line segment BE, and obtained vertical point is J, and the high GJ of vertical line is h', then
Value of slope to be measured can be finally obtained according to relevant geometrical relationship:
In formula:θ1For the value of the gradient 4 to be measured.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at this
In the scope of the claims of invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of gradient measuring device, which is characterized in that including the fixed levelling mechanism in sequentially connected bottom from top to bottom, vertically
Rotary support mechanism and horizontal measurement mechanism, the fixed levelling mechanism in the bottom is mounted on the top of the gradient to be measured, described perpendicular
It connect and can be rotated around the fixed levelling mechanism in the bottom, institute with the fixed levelling mechanism in the bottom to rotary support mechanism lower end
It states vertical rotary support mechanism lower end and is equipped with the angle measurement unit that can read the vertical rotary support mechanism rotation angle,
The vertical rotary support mechanism upper end connects with the horizontal measurement mechanism and is able to drive together with the horizontal measurement mechanism
Rotation, the horizontal measurement mechanism includes horizontal extension bar, laser range finder and the laser being electrically connected with the laser range finder
Range display, the laser range finder are mounted on the telescopic end of the horizontal extension bar by laser range finder levelling mechanism.
2. gradient measuring device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the horizontal extension bar includes laterally parallel arranges
First level telescopic rod and the second horizontal extension bar, the laser range finder levelling mechanism be laser range finder Level tune rotation
Button, the both ends of the laser range finder pass through laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob respectively and are mounted on the first level telescopic rod
On the second horizontal extension bar, the upper end of the laser range finder is higher than the first level telescopic rod and second water
Plane where flat telescopic rod, and first level instrument is installed in the upper end of the laser range finder.
3. gradient measuring device as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the horizontal measurement mechanism further include support and with
The shaft of the support rotation connection, the support are connect with the vertical rotary support mechanism, and the branch base rear end is for pacifying
The laser distance display is filled, the support front end is for installing the first level telescopic rod and second horizontal extension
Bar, the first level telescopic rod and the second horizontal extension bar fixed connection opposite with the shaft simultaneously can be with described turns
Axis rotates together, the shaft stretch out the support one end it is relatively fixed be connected with telescopic rod horizontal adjustment knob, described
The part that one horizontal extension bar and the second horizontal extension bar stretch out the support is also equipped with the second level meter.
4. gradient measuring device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the angle measurement unit includes pointer and scale
Disk, the pointer fix connection relatively with the vertical rotary support mechanism and can be with the vertical rotary support mechanisms
Rotation, the dial are mounted on the upper end of the fixed levelling mechanism in the bottom.
5. gradient measuring device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the fixed levelling mechanism in the bottom includes top
The mounting base of pedestal and lower part, the lower end of the mounting base offer fixed bolt hole, and the upper end of the pedestal is equipped with fixation
Knob, the fixed knob are used for the connection of the pedestal and the vertical rotary support mechanism, the pedestal and the installation
It is attached between seat by foot screw.
6. gradient measuring device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that if the horizontal extension bar has equal length
Dry segment.
7. gradient measuring device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the horizontal extension bar is equipped with graduation mark.
8. a kind of slope measuring method, is realized using device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) gradient measuring device is mounted on to the top of the gradient to be measured by the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom；
2) horizontal extension bar is leveled by the fixed levelling mechanism in bottom, then passes through laser range finder horizontal adjustment knob pair
Laser range finder is leveled, so that the laser of laser range finder transmitting is radiated at vertically downward in the gradient to be measured；
3) any position that vertical rotary support mechanism is rotated to the gradient to be measured together with horizontal measurement mechanism, is recorded
Reading α on angle measurement unit at this time opens laser range finder, so that laser range finder emits laser and is radiated to be measured
The gradient on, record laser that the laser range finder that shows on laser distance display at this time and laser range finder issue to
Measure the distance between the projection in gradient h1；
4) adjust horizontal extension bar so that horizontal extension bar drive laser range finder in the horizontal direction shortening/elongation it is certain away from
From s, record again laser that the laser range finder that shows on laser distance display at this time and laser range finder issue to
Measure the distance between the projection in gradient h2；
5) vertical rotary support mechanism is rotated again together with horizontal measurement mechanism, observation laser distance is aobvious while rotation
Show the laser range finder shown on device at a distance from laser that laser range finder issues is between the projection in the gradient to be measured, when
The distance reaches h2When, stop the rotation of vertical rotary support mechanism and horizontal measurement mechanism, records the dress of angle measurement at this time
The reading α set1；
6) adjust horizontal extension bar so that horizontal extension bar drive laser range finder it is horizontally elongated/shorten distance s, adjust
Save the laser that vertical rotary support mechanism issues the laser range finder shown on laser distance display and laser range finder
Distance between the projection in the gradient to be measured is h1, record the reading α on angle measurement unit at this time2；
7) calculation formula of the data and the available gradient of relevant geometrical relationship obtained according to step 1 to step 5 measurement are as follows:
In formula:θ1For value of slope to be measured.
9. slope measuring method as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that in step 4), further include adjusting again horizontal
Telescopic rod is recorded so that horizontal extension bar drives laser range finder to shorten/extend a certain distance s again in the horizontal direction
Throwing of the laser that the laser range finder and laser range finder shown on laser distance display at this time issues in the gradient to be measured
The distance between shadow h3；
It further include when laser distance display display distance is h in step 5)3When, it records on angle measurement unit at this time
Read α3；
Further include following gradient calculation formula in step 7):
In formula:θ2For value of slope to be measured；
The average value θ ' of comprehensive two available gradients of slope measurement,
10. gradient measuring device as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that further include the level of adjusting again in step 4)
Telescopic rod is recorded so that horizontal extension bar drives laser range finder to shorten/extend a certain distance s again in the horizontal direction
Throwing of the laser that the laser range finder and laser range finder shown on laser distance display at this time issues in the gradient to be measured
The distance between shadow h4；
It further include when laser distance display display distance is h in step 5)4When, it records on angle measurement unit at this time
Read α4；
Further include following gradient calculation formula in step 7):
In formula:θ3For value of slope to be measured.
The average value θ of comprehensive three available gradients of slope measurement,
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| CN113048948A (en) * | 2021-04-04 | 2021-06-29 | 宋聚红 | Foundation ditch excavation slope correcting unit for building site |
| CN113415369A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-21 | 深圳乐行天下科技有限公司 | Method and device for measuring gradient, storage medium and balance car |
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| CN110926419A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-03-27 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Aircraft wing level measurement device convenient to dismouting |
| CN111829460A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2020-10-27 | 惠州市筑成工程管理有限公司 | Engineering construction supervision quality acceptance actual measurement device and method |
| CN111829460B (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2021-10-08 | 广东筑成工程管理有限公司 | Engineering construction supervision quality acceptance actual measurement device and method |
| CN113048948A (en) * | 2021-04-04 | 2021-06-29 | 宋聚红 | Foundation ditch excavation slope correcting unit for building site |
| CN113415369A (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2021-09-21 | 深圳乐行天下科技有限公司 | Method and device for measuring gradient, storage medium and balance car |
| CN113415369B (en) * | 2021-07-13 | 2022-11-25 | 深圳乐行天下科技有限公司 | Method and device for measuring gradient, storage medium and balance car |
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