CN109791751A - 电致变色模块和用于电致变色装置的驱动方法 - Google Patents
电致变色模块和用于电致变色装置的驱动方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109791751A CN109791751A CN201780059786.6A CN201780059786A CN109791751A CN 109791751 A CN109791751 A CN 109791751A CN 201780059786 A CN201780059786 A CN 201780059786A CN 109791751 A CN109791751 A CN 109791751A
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Abstract
本申请涉及电致变色模块和用于电致变色装置的驱动方法,根据本申请的一个实例,提供了电致变色模块,其包括:电致变色装置,被设置成根据施加的驱动电压而着色或脱色;感测部,用于感测所述电致变色装置的外部温度;控制部,用于根据所感测的外部温度确定满足以下关系式1的电压的施加时间;以及电源部,用于以所确定的施加时间向所述电致变色装置施加电压。
Description
技术领域
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求基于在2016年9月29日提交的韩国专利申请第10-2016-0125275号的优先权的权益,其公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及电致变色模块和用于电致变色装置的驱动方法。
背景技术
电致变色装置是指利用电致变色材料的颜色通过电化学氧化/还原反应可逆地变化的特性的装置。电致变色装置具有响应速度比常规的液晶显示器或发光二极管慢的缺点,但具有可以以小成本制造具有大面积的装置和功耗低的优点,因此其可以应用于各种领域,例如智能窗、智能镜和电子纸。
另一方面,电致变色装置可以具有其中包含电致变色材料的电致变色层设置在彼此面对的电极层之间的结构。当将交替的还原和氧化电位施加至电极层预定的一段时间时,随着电荷颗粒嵌入电致变色材料或从电致变色材料中消除,该装置表现出光学特性变化,例如电致变色层的着色或脱色。
然而,当出于例如施加高于驱动电压的电位或者进一步增加电压施加时间超过需要的原因以比装置的光学特性变化所需水平更高的水平向电致变色层供应过多的电荷时,在电致变色层和电极层或者其界面的电阻大幅增加的同时装置的耐久性可能劣化。因此,需要控制装置以便可以供应适当的电荷量。
发明内容
技术问题
本申请的一个目的是提供具有改善的耐久性的电致变色装置和包括其的电致变色模块。
本申请的另一个目的是提供能够改善电致变色装置的耐久性的用于电致变色装置的驱动方法。
本申请的上述目的和其他目的都可以通过以下详细描述的本申请来实现。
技术方案
在关于本申请的一个实例中,本申请涉及电致变色模块。本申请的电致变色模块可以根据外部温度来控制对电致变色装置的驱动电压的施加时间。
电致变色模块包括用于感测电致变色装置的外部温度的温度感测部。在本申请中,电致变色装置的外部温度可以意指除电致变色装置的内部之外的部分(例如,作为电致变色装置的外部的靠近电致变色装置的周围)的温度。用于感测外部温度的方法没有特别限制。例如,可以通过包括在温度感测部中的温度感测器来直接测量温度,或者可以通过将经由单独的装置测量的外部温度输入或记录在温度感测部中的方法来感测外部温度,等等。
电致变色模块包括用于确定电压施加时间的控制部。控制部可以根据温度感测部感测到的外部温度来控制对电致变色装置的驱动电压的施加时间以满足预定关系。
在本申请中,驱动电压的施加时间与供应至装置的电荷量有关。具体地,如上所述,过量的电荷供应可能降低装置的耐久性,因此需要供应最佳反应电荷量。关于电荷供应量,可以考虑控制驱动电压的方法,但是由于对于每种电致变色材料确定最小还原或氧化电位,因此通过控制驱动电压自身来控制电荷量的方法存在限制。因此,发明人已经确认供应至电致变色层的电荷量根据温度而变化,并且发明了这样的电致变色模块,其能够根据外部温度控制电压施加时间,使得可以在不降低电致变色装置的耐久性的情况下供应颜色转换反应所需的尽可能多的电荷。
控制部可以控制电压施加时间以满足以下关系式1。
[关系式1]
在以上关系式1中,x为所感测的外部温度(℃),以及y意指电压施加时间(秒)。以上关系式1可以通过以下实施方案中提及的建模导出。
外部温度x可以在-40℃至150℃的范围内。如果温度在上述温度范围之外,则因为无法期望正常驱动装置,无法满足上述关系式1。
y为在电致变色装置中施加供应电压的时间,其可以意指施加将着色后的电致变色装置变为脱色状态或者将脱色后的电致变色装置变为着色状态所需的氧化或还原电位的各个时间。
电致变色模块包括电致变色装置。电致变色装置可以包括在两个相对的电极层之间的电致变色层、电解质层和离子存储层。
电致变色层和离子存储层可以包含具有彼此互补的显色特性的电致变色材料。在本申请中,互补的显色特性可以意指这样的情况:当电致变色层中包含的电致变色材料通过还原反应改变颜色时,离子存储层中包含的电致变色材料通过氧化反应改变颜色。相反,当电致变色层包含通过氧化反应改变颜色的电致变色材料时,离子存储层还可以包含通过还原反应改变颜色的电致变色材料。
在一个实例中,可以使用还原性电致变色材料作为电致变色层或离子存储层中使用的电致变色材料。作为还原性电致变色材料,可以使用过渡金属的氧化物。更具体地,作为所述材料,可以使用钛氧化物、钒氧化物、铌氧化物、钽氧化物、钼氧化物和钨氧化物中的至少一者,但还原性电致变色材料的种类不特别限于所列出的氧化物。
在另一个实例中,可以使用氧化性电致变色材料作为电致变色层或离子存储层中使用的电致变色材料。作为氧化性电致变色材料,可以使用普鲁士蓝(Prussian blue,PB)、钴氧化物、钌氧化物、铱氧化物、镍氧化物、铬氧化物、锰氧化物和铁氧化物中的至少一者,但氧化性电致变色材料的种类不特别限于所列出的材料。
用于提供电致变色层和/或离子存储层的方法没有特别限制。例如,可以使用已知的方法,例如沉积或涂覆。在一个实例中,可以使用旋涂法、浸涂法、丝网印刷法、凹版涂覆法、溶胶-凝胶法或狭缝模具涂覆法在电极层上设置电致变色层或离子存储层。
在一个实例中,当通过如上所述的涂覆方法提供电致变色层或离子存储层时,电致变色材料可以以颗粒形式存在于电致变色层或离子存储层中。
当电致变色材料具有颗粒形状时,颗粒状的电致变色材料的直径可以为例如200nm或更小。更具体地,颗粒状的电致变色材料的直径的上限可以为150nm或更小、100nm或更小、或者50nm或更小,并且下限可以为10nm或更大。当电致变色材料颗粒不是球形颗粒时,直径可以意指在颗粒的任何一个维度上测量的最大长度。
可以在电致变色层与离子存储层之间设置电解质层。通过如上设置的电解质层,电致变色材料的氧化或还原反应所需的电解质离子可以在电致变色层与离子存储层之间来回移动,由此电解质离子可以参与各电致变色材料的氧化或还原反应。
在一个实例中,电致变色层和/或离子存储层的厚度可以为例如100nm至500nm。如果不满足所述厚度范围,则电致变色材料的颜色转换反应所需的电荷可能无法充分嵌入,并且厚度还可能充当电荷嵌入和/或消除的障碍,因此可能难以满足以上关系式1。
电解质层可以包含液体电解质、聚合物电解质或无机固体电解质。构成电解质的具体组分没有特别限制,例如,可以适当地选择能够提供例如Li+的电解质离子的材料。
电致变色模块包括用于以所确定的施加时间向电致变色装置施加电压的电源部。使电源部电连接至电致变色装置的方法没有特别限制。由电源部施加至装置的驱动电压的大小可以根据包含在电致变色层和离子存储层中的电致变色材料来控制。当使用上述电致变色材料时,由电源部施加至装置的驱动电压可以在(±)0.5V至(±)3.0V的范围内。
根据本申请的另一实例,本申请涉及用于驱动电致变色装置的方法。本申请的用于电致变色装置的驱动方法可以根据外部温度来控制对电致变色装置的驱动电压的施加时间,这可以通过使用如上所述的电致变色模块来实现。
所述驱动方法中的电致变色装置可以包括在两个相对的电极层之间的电致变色层、电解质层和离子存储层,并且各配置的具体配置和物理特性如上所述。
用于电致变色装置的驱动方法包括感测电致变色装置的外部温度的步骤。感测外部温度的方法没有特别限制,并且具体方法或外部温度的范围如上所述。
用于电致变色装置的驱动方法包括确定电压施加时间的步骤。确定施加时间的步骤可以根据所感测的外部温度来确定对电致变色装置的驱动电压的施加时间以满足以下关系式1。
[关系式1]
在以上关系式1中,x为所感测的外部温度(℃),以及y意指电压施加时间(秒)。电压施加时间和y的具体含义如上所述。
用于电致变色装置的驱动方法包括以预定的施加时间向电致变色装置施加电压的步骤。向电致变色装置施加电压的方法没有特别限制,例如,电致变色装置和用于施加供应电压的电源部可以电连接,并且电源部的细节如上所述。
有益效果
本申请可以通过根据电致变色装置外部的温度变化控制对电致变色装置的驱动电压的施加时间来限制过多的电荷供应至电致变色层或离子存储层。因此,可以改善电致变色装置的耐久性。
附图说明
图1是示出制备例1的根据温度的电荷量变化的图。
图2是示出制备例2的根据温度的电荷量变化的图。
图3是示出根据外部温度的电致变色装置中的供应电压的施加时间的图。
图4是示出图3中的各个图的关系式的表。
具体实施方式
在下文中,将通过实施例详细描述本申请。然而,本申请的保护范围不受以下描述的实施例限制。
制备例1:电极(半电池)的制备
将包含WO3颗粒的涂覆溶液施加至ITO/PET基材并进行热处理以形成厚度为300nm的电致变色层。该涂覆溶液通过棒涂法来施加,然后在130℃下热处理3分钟。此时,电极的面积设定为20cm2(4cm×5cm)。当制备的半电池在0.7V的电压和室温(RT)下从脱色状态着色时,着色时的透光率可以改变为70%至80%。
制备例2:对电极(半电池)的制备
以与制备例1中相同的方式制备电极,不同之处在于形成包含PB颗粒的离子存储层。当制备的半电池在0.7V的电压和室温(RT)下从脱色状态着色时,着色时的透光率可以改变为70%至80%。
最佳反应电荷量的测量
当即使在电致变色材料的颜色转换完成之后也连续施加电压时,发生额外的反应和化学降解,使电致变色装置的耐久性降低,因此,完成颜色转换时供应的电荷量可以被认为是最佳反应电荷量。此时,电致变色材料的颜色转换完成的时间可以意指,如果如下制备的每个半电池从脱色状态着色,达到着色时的最小透光率的90%的时间。
当在室温(RT)下向制备例1和制备例2的每个半电池施加相同的电压(0.7V)时,使用恒电位仪测量根据施加时间而改变的反应电荷量。在将装置的着色和脱色重复约3次以使装置的着色和脱色程度稳定之后进行测量,测量结果如表1所示。
[表1]
在上表1中,可以确认当外部温度和施加的电压相同时,随着施加时间变长,反应电荷量增加。
在制备例1的情况下,可以确认WO3的颜色转换在100秒完成(透光率:67%),并且最佳反应电荷量处于20mC/cm2的水平。
在制备例2的情况下,可以确认PB的颜色转换在100秒完成(透光率:67%),并且最佳反应电荷量处于15mC/cm2的水平。
根据温度变化的电荷量的测量
测量在40℃、50℃和60℃的外部温度下的反应电荷量,以比较达到最佳电荷量的时间。制备例1的结果如图1所示,制备例2的结果如图2所示。
在制备例1的半电池中,与达到作为最佳反应电荷量的20mC/cm2的水平的时间相比,可以确认达到作为最佳反应电荷量的20mC/cm2的水平的时间随着温度升高而变短。
在制备例2的半电池中,可以比较在40℃、50℃和60℃的外部温度下达到作为最佳反应电荷量的15mC/cm2的水平的时间。可以确认达到作为最佳反应电荷量的15mC/cm2的水平的时间随着温度升高而变短。
示出根据温度变化的施加时间的图和关系式1的推导
对于在恒定电压(0.7V)下制备例1中WO3的着色-脱色和制备例2中PB的着色-脱色,感测用于供应最佳反应电荷量的根据外部温度的电压施加时间,结果如图3所示,并且每个图的关系式如图4所示(使用origin程序)。考虑在图3的图形区域中的根据PB着色的图与根据WO3脱色的图之间的区域作为用于供应最佳电荷量的施加时间的范围,可以通过图4推导出关系式1。
[关系式1]
在以上关系式1中,x为所感测的外部温度(℃),以及y为电压施加时间(秒)。
Claims (16)
1.一种电致变色模块,包括:电致变色装置,被设置成根据施加的驱动电压而着色或脱色;温度感测部,用于感测所述电致变色装置的外部温度;控制部,用于根据所感测的外部温度确定满足以下关系式1的电压的施加时间;以及电源部,用于以所确定的施加时间向所述电致变色装置施加电压,
[关系式1]
其中,x为所感测的外部温度(℃),以及y为所述驱动电压的施加时间(秒),其中x为-40℃至150℃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色模块,其中所述电致变色装置包括:第一电极、包含电致变色材料的电致变色层、电解质层、包含具有与所述电致变色材料互补的显色特性的电致变色材料的离子存储层、和第二电极。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电致变色模块,其中所述电致变色层包含还原性电致变色材料或氧化性电致变色材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电致变色模块,其中所述还原性电致变色材料为钛氧化物、钒氧化物、铌氧化物、钽氧化物、钼氧化物和钨氧化物中的至少一者。
5.根据权利要求3所述的电致变色模块,其中所述氧化性电致变色材料为普鲁士蓝、钴氧化物、钌氧化物、铱氧化物、镍氧化物、铬氧化物、锰氧化物和铁氧化物中的至少一者。
6.根据权利要求2所述的电致变色模块,其中所述电致变色层中包含的电致变色材料为普鲁士蓝,以及所述离子存储层中包含的电致变色材料为钨氧化物(WO3)。
7.根据权利要求3所述的电致变色模块,其中所述还原性电致变色材料和所述氧化性电致变色材料的直径为200nm或更小。
8.根据权利要求2所述的电致变色模块,其中所述电致变色层和所述离子存储层的厚度为100nm至500nm。
9.一种用于电致变色装置的驱动方法,包括以下步骤:感测所述电致变色装置的外部温度;根据所感测的外部温度确定满足以下关系式1的电压的施加时间;以及以所确定的施加时间向所述电致变色装置施加电压,
[关系式1]
其中,x为所感测的外部温度(℃),以及y为所述驱动电压的施加时间(秒),其中x为-40℃至150℃。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于电致变色装置的驱动方法,其中所述电致变色装置包括:第一电极、包含电致变色材料的电致变色层、电解质层、包含具有与所述电致变色材料互补的显色特性的电致变色材料的离子存储层、和第二电极。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用于电致变色装置的驱动方法,其中所述电致变色层包含还原性电致变色材料或氧化性电致变色材料。
12.根据权利要求11所述的用于电致变色装置的驱动方法,其中所述还原性电致变色材料为钛氧化物、钒氧化物、铌氧化物、钽氧化物、钼氧化物和钨氧化物中的至少一者。
13.根据权利要求11所述的用于电致变色装置的驱动方法,其中所述氧化性电致变色材料为普鲁士蓝、钴氧化物、钌氧化物、铱氧化物、镍氧化物、铬氧化物、锰氧化物和铁氧化物中的至少一者。
14.根据权利要求10所述的用于电致变色装置的驱动方法,其中所述电致变色层中包含的电致变色材料为普鲁士蓝,以及所述离子存储层中包含的电致变色材料为钨氧化物(WO3)。
15.根据权利要求11所述的用于电致变色装置的驱动方法,其中所述还原性电致变色材料和所述氧化性电致变色材料的直径为200nm或更小。
16.根据权利要求10所述的用于电致变色装置的驱动方法,其中所述电致变色层和所述离子存储层的厚度为100nm至500nm。
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CN114624937B (zh) * | 2020-12-11 | 2023-11-03 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 控制方法、电子设备以及计算机可读存储介质 |
CN114859146A (zh) * | 2021-02-03 | 2022-08-05 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 质量检测方法、电子设备及计算机可读存储介质 |
CN115167053A (zh) * | 2021-04-07 | 2022-10-11 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 控制方法、电子设备及计算机可读存储介质 |
WO2023066090A1 (zh) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-27 | 光羿智能科技(苏州)有限公司 | 一种感温变色结构、变色玻璃、交通工具及变色控制方法 |
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US20190219883A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
WO2018062798A1 (ko) | 2018-04-05 |
KR20180035344A (ko) | 2018-04-06 |
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