A kind of preparation method of super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm more particularly to one kind can be used for the next generation
The preparation method of the super close electrolyte diaphragm of high-energy density lithium battery.
Background technique
With flourishing for the markets such as electric car, consumption electronic product, traditional energy storage device (intercal type lithium
Ion battery, lead-acid battery etc.) be no longer satisfied demand of the people to energy storage equipment.Therefore, the lithium of high-energy density
Metal battery and new type power lithium ion battery become the next-generation energy storage device that people concentrate research and development.Whether scientific base
Plinth research or commodity production research focus primarily on the exploitation and research of high performance electrode material and electrolyte, and achieve
Significant progress, while having pushed the fast development of next-generation high energy density cells system.However, lithium battery diaphragm is as lithium
One of main composition component of battery, it is not only most important to the safety of lithium battery, but also to its capacity and energy density etc.
Performance is of great significance.Studies have shown that chemical property of the lithium battery under high magnification is mainly determined by the impedance of electrolyte.
Therefore, lithium battery diaphragm is to the wetability, imbibition rate and retention rate of electrolyte to following under lithium battery high rate performance and high magnification
Most important (the Energy Environ Sci 2016,9,3252 of ring stability; Adv Energy Mater 2018, 8,
1801778.).
Currently, the lithium battery diaphragm commercially produced and applied is mainly with polyalkene diaphragm (including PP, PE and PP/PE/PP
Sandwich diaphragm etc.) based on.Compared to other diaphragm types, polyolefins diaphragm is because having intensity high, good acid and alkali-resistance and molten
It the advantages that agent performance, electrochemically stable and closed pore, occupies an leading position in lithium battery market.But there is also poor electrolysis for it
The disadvantages of liquid wetting and thermal stability and lower electrolyte retention rate, therefore limit next-generation high-energy density lithium battery
Application.In recent years, it has been used based on the plurality of advantages of polyalkene diaphragm, scientific research and industry to polyalkene diaphragm table
Face carries out chemically or physically coating the methods of modified heat resistance and wetability for improving diaphragm.CN 104282869A discloses one
The preparation method of the close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm of kind, using biogum as binder, by simple coating method, in polyolefin
The one or both sides on micro-pore septum surface coat close electrolyte polymer powder and close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm have been prepared.It should
Although the diaphragm of method preparation has close electrolyte property, far it is not enough to reach super electrophilic solution fluidity.Further, since electrophilic solution
The limited thermostability of matter polymer powder, therefore next-generation high-energy density lithium is not still able to satisfy to the thermal stability of diaphragm
The growth requirement of battery.CN 104269509A discloses a kind of lithium battery ceramic coating membrane and preparation method thereof, is by water
Property the diaphragm that is prepared in membrane surface of ceramic slurry even application there is excellent thermal stability.However, using above-mentioned
The modified diaphragm of patented method preparation is still limited to the raising of electrolyte wetability, improves to lithium battery performance unobvious.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is be existing lithium battery diaphragm there are aiming at the problem that, a kind of super close electrolyte lithium battery is provided
The preparation method of diaphragm, to push the development of next-generation high-energy density lithium battery.
One, the preparation of super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm
The preparation method of the super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm of the present invention, in deionized water by inorganic nano-particle ultrasonic disperse
Suspension;It disperses binder in organic solvent and obtains binder solution;By binder solution addition, (adding rate is 1 mL/s
~ 10 mL/s) into inorganic nano-particle suspension, it stirs, be ultrasonically formed uniform sizing material;Then using dip coating that slurry is equal
The even two sides coated on lithium battery basilar partition, vertical hanging and dry 10 ~ 60 min under 20 ~ 80 °C;Most afterwards through heat cure
(2 ~ 24 h are vacuum-treated under 30 ~ 80 °C), obtaining super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm, (super close electrolyte refers to diaphragm to each
The contact angle of the common organic electrolyte of kind is close to 0 °, such as carbonic acyl radical and ether electrolyte).
The binder is polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol oxide, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, Nafion, butadiene-styrene rubber, gathers inclined fluorine
At least one of ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl alcohol, polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane.
The inorganic nano-particle be attapulgite, sepiolite, galapectite, montmorillonite, serpentine, hectorite, hydrotalcite,
Illite, vermiculite, mica, kaolinite, diatomite, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, nano silver, aluminium oxide, silica, carbon nanometer
At least one of pipe, graphene oxide or nano-cellulose.
The organic solvent be ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, acetone,NN-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N,N,NMethyl
At least one of pyrrolidones.
The lithium battery basilar partition is PE diaphragm, PP diaphragm, PP/PE composite diaphragm, Kynoar diaphragm, gathers to benzene
Dioctyl phthalate second diester, polybutylene terephthalate, poly- (vinylidene-coHexafluoropropene) diaphragm, poly- (vinylidene-co-
Trifluoro-ethylene) diaphragm, polyester diaphragm, polyimide diaphragm, polyamide diaphragm, fibreglass diaphragm, cellulose composite diaphragm.
In the slurry, the concentration of nanoparticle is 0.01wt% ~ 9.99wt%, the concentration of binder be 0.01wt% ~
5.0wt%;The mass ratio of water and organic solvent is 1:0.1 ~ 1:20.
The dip coating coating is lithium battery diaphragm to be immersed in 5 ~ 120 s in uniform sizing material at room temperature, then use and mention
It draws film applicator at the uniform velocity to pull out diaphragm, slurry is made to be uniformly coated on lithium battery diaphragm surface.Dip coating process repeats 1 according to demand
~ 10 times;Diaphragm is at the uniform velocity pulled out using 7 pulling coating machines again after diaphragm is rotated 180 ° when repeating.Load capacity control is coated to exist
0.001~1.0 mg cm−2。
Two, the performance of super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm
The super close electrolyte battery diaphragm and ratio prepared below by embodiment 1, to the items of super close electrolyte battery diaphragm
Performance compares investigation.
1, the wetability of electrolyte
Fig. 1 is Celgard2400 diaphragm in the super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm and comparative example 1 of the preparation of embodiment 1 to ether (1
Mol LiTFSI is dissolved in isometric DOL and DEM in the mixed solvent) and carbonic acyl radical (1 mol LiPF6It is dissolved in equal bodies
Long-pending EC and DMC in the mixed solvent) electrolyte wetability.Contact of the carbonic acyl radical electrolyte in Gelgard2400 membrane surface
Angle is 43 ° ± 1.3 °;The contact angle of carbonic acyl radical and ether electrolyte on super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm surface is respectively 0 °.Table
Bright super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm has excellent wetability to electrolyte, to be obviously improved lithium ion conductivity.This
Outside studies have shown that the super electrophilic solution fluidity of diaphragm can help to improve performance of the battery under high magnification.
2, the imbibition rate and retention rate of electrolyte
Fig. 2 is the electrolyte of Celgard2400 diaphragm in super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm prepared by embodiment 1 and comparative example 1
Retention rate.Specific test method is to be placed in diaphragm in electrolyte after 1 h, and the electrolyte of membrane surface is sopped up with filter paper, is placed in
At room temperature after different time, the electrolyte retention rate of diaphragm is calculated.After 30 min, the electrolysis of the diaphragm prepared in embodiment 1
Liquid retention rate is still up to 86%, and the electrolyte retention rate of Celgard2400 diaphragm is only 43% in comparative example 1.In addition, 10
The carbonic acyl radical and ether electrolyte of μ L can be about 0 ° in super close electrolyte membrane surface rapid osmotic, contact angle.
3, ferric phosphate lithium cell performance
Fig. 3 is Celgard2400 diaphragm group in the super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm prepared respectively with embodiment 1 and comparative example 1
(a) cyclical stability and (b) high rate performance of the ferric phosphate lithium cell of dress.From Fig. 3 a it can be found that in 1.0 C discharge-rates
Under, the battery of the diaphragm assembling prepared in embodiment 1 has relatively stable discharge capacity in prolonged charge and discharge process.
However, apparent capacity attenuation has occurred in the battery of Celgard2400 assembling.After 350 circulations, 1 interval of embodiment
The battery capacity retention rate of film assembling is up to 92%.From Fig. 3 b it is found that prepared in embodiment 1 diaphragm assembling battery have compared with
Good high rate performance, this is mainly due to the super close electrolyte properties of diaphragm.
4, thermal stability
Fig. 4 is the phosphorus of Celgard2400 diaphragm assembling in the super close electrolyte battery diaphragm for preparing embodiment 1 and comparative example 1
Sour lithium iron battery is placed in the open-circuit voltage versus time curve under 160 °C.Obviously, the battery that Celgard2400 is assembled
There is apparent decline in voltage, causes battery that short circuit occurs this is because diaphragm occurs to be heat-shrinked at high temperature.However, with reality
Apply prepared in example 1 diaphragm assembling battery within the entire working time there is no voltage drop, show the diaphragm at high temperature
With good thermal stability.The result shows that: relative to Celgrad2400 diaphragm, the super close electrolyte that is prepared in embodiment 1 every
The obvious thermal stability with higher of film.
By above-mentioned the performance test results are analyzed: the design concept on bionical super infiltration surface is introduced into newly by the present invention
The preparation of type lithium battery diaphragm, obtained super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm all have excellent surpass to common organic electrolyte
The electrolyte imbibition rate and retention rate of wetting property and superelevation, to significantly improve under the high rate performance of battery, high magnification
Cyclical stability and coulombic efficiency;Further, since the cladding mechanism of inorganic nano-particle, which has good heat steady simultaneously
It is qualitative.There is good comprehensive performance and safety by the lithium battery that the diaphragm assembles.In addition, the present invention also has technical process
Simply, environmentally protective, low in cost and the advantages that be easy to large-scale production, it is provided to develop next-generation high-energy density lithium battery
New types of diaphragm material and its technology of preparing.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the electrolyte wetability comparison of super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm and Celgard2400 diaphragm.
Fig. 2 is the super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm soaked by electrolyte and Celgard2400 diaphragm in 30 min
Electrolyte retention rate situation of change.
Fig. 3 is the performance that super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm and Celgard2400 diaphragm assemble ferric phosphate lithium cell respectively
Comparison.
Fig. 4 is that super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm and Celgard2400 diaphragm assemble ferric phosphate lithium cell in high temperature respectively
Under open circuit voltage curve.
Specific embodiment
The preparation of the super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm of the present invention and performance are made furtherly below by specific embodiment
It is bright.
Embodiment 1
(1) it weighs 2.0 g attapulgites to be scattered in 100 mL deionized waters, 1 h of water bath sonicator;Weigh 1.0 g polyvinyl alcohol
It is dissolved in and is gone in acetonitrile in 50 mL in a heated condition;Then by poly-vinyl alcohol solution under stirring (800 r/min) effect
Slowly (2.5 mL/s) is added in attapulgite dispersion liquid;Then, 12 h of magnetic agitation under the conditions of 800 r/min, ultrasound
Wave handles 10 min, obtains uniform sizing material.Solid content is 2.0% in slurry.
(2) use pulling coating machine by slurry uniform load obtained by step (1) to Celgard2400 diaphragm two at room temperature
Face is subsequently placed at 30 min under 30 °C;It repeats the above process later 6 times;Coating average load amount is 0.1 mg cm−2。
24 h in 60 °C of vacuum environment are subsequently placed at, super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm is obtained.
The carbonic acyl radical and ether electrolyte of 10 μ L can be about in super close electrolyte membrane surface rapid osmotic, contact angle
0°;Carbonic acyl radical electrolyte imbibition rate has reached 283%, and after being placed in 30 min under room temperature, electrolyte retention rate still reaches
86.3%.There is not shrinkage phenomenon in 1 h under 160 °C, super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm.
Comparative example 1
Commercialized single layer PP diaphragm (Celgard2400): with a thickness of 25 μm, porosity 41%, MD shrinkage is 5%
(1 h under 90 °C), TD shrinkage are 1 h under 0%(90 °C).
Embodiment 2
(1) it weighs 1.0 g silica to be scattered in 200 mL deionized waters, 1 h of water bath sonicator;Weigh 0.5 g butadiene-styrene rubber
It is scattered in and is gone in ethyl alcohol in 10 mL in a heated condition;Then by butadiene-styrene rubber dispersion liquid in stirring (400 r/min) condition
Under at the uniform velocity (7 mL/s) be added in silica dispersions;Then, 6 h of magnetic agitation, ultrasonic wave under the conditions of 400 r/min
30 min are handled, uniform sizing material is obtained.Solid content is 0.7wt% in slurry.
(2) slurry obtained by step (1) is uniformly coated to by poly terephthalic acid fourth two using pulling coating machine at room temperature
Ester diaphragm two sides is hung on 60 min in 20 °C;It repeats the above process 3 times, coating average load amount is 0.16 mg cm−2.12 h in 80 °C of vacuum environment are subsequently placed at, stable super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm is obtained.
The carbonic acyl radical and ether electrolyte of 10 μ L can be about in super close electrolyte membrane surface rapid osmotic, contact angle
0°;The imbibition rate of carbonic acyl radical electrolyte reaches 270%, and after being placed in 30 min under room temperature, electrolyte retention rate still reaches 80%.
There is not shrinkage phenomenon in 1 h under 160 °C, super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm.
With the ferric phosphate lithium cell of super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm assembling: (1) at 2.0 C, recycling it by 300 times
Afterwards, battery capacity retention rate is up to 93.5%.(2) when discharge-rate increases to 2.0 C from 0.1 C, battery capacity retention rate is
72.86%, much higher than the 65.90% of basilar partition.(3) battery is placed under 160 °C, there is no electricity within the entire working time
Pressure drop, showing the diaphragm at high temperature has good thermal stability.
Embodiment 3
(1) it weighs 60 g hectorites to be scattered in 800 mL deionized waters, 30 min of ultrasonication;It weighs 0.2 g and gathers inclined fluorine
Ethylene is scattered in a heated condition in 10 mLN,NIn being gone in methylformamide solution;Then by Kynoar dispersion liquid
Slow (1 mL/s) is added in hectorite dispersion liquid under the conditions of stirring (700 r/min);Then, in 700 r/min conditions
Lower 2 h of magnetic agitation, 2 h of ultrasonication obtain uniform sizing material.Solid content is 7.4wt% in slurry.
(2) use pulling coating machine by slurry uniform load obtained by step (1) to cellulose composite diaphragm two at room temperature
Side.Place it in 2 h in 25 °C.It repeats the above process 5 times, coating average load amount is 0.6 mg cm−2.It is subsequently placed at 40 °
24 h in C vacuum environment obtain stable super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm.
The carbonic acyl radical and ether electrolyte of 5 μ L can promote in super close electrolyte membrane surface rapid osmotic, and contact angle is about
It is 0 °;The imbibition rate of ether electrolyte reaches 252%, and after being placed in 30 min under room temperature, electrolyte retention rate still reaches 85%.
There is not receipts phenomenon in 1 h under 160 °C, super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm.
With the ferric phosphate lithium cell of super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm assembling: (1) at 2.0 C, recycling it by 500 times
Afterwards, battery capacity retention rate is up to 91.8%.(2) when discharge-rate increases to 2.0 C from 0.1 C, battery capacity retention rate is
68.63%, much higher than the 35.90% of basilar partition.(3) battery is placed under 160 °C, there is no electricity within the entire working time
Pressure drop, showing the diaphragm at high temperature has good thermal stability.
Embodiment 4
(1) it weighs 5 g serpentines to be scattered in 500 mL deionized waters, 20 min of ultrasonication;Weigh 10g polytetrafluoroethyl-ne
Alkene is scattered in a heated condition in 500 mLNIn being gone in N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N solution;Then polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is dispersed
Liquid slow (5 mL/s) under the conditions of stirring (600 r/min) is added in serpentine dispersion liquid;Then, in 600 r/min items
2 h of magnetic agitation under part, 3 h of ultrasonication, obtains uniform sizing material.Solid content is 1.5wt% in slurry.
(2) use pulling coating machine by slurry uniform load obtained by step (1) to poly- (vinylidene-at room temperatureco- three
Vinyl fluoride) diaphragm two sides.Place it in 2 h in 35 °C.It repeats the above process 7 times, coating average load amount is 0.25 mg cm−2.24 h in 80 °C of vacuum environment are subsequently placed at, stable super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm is obtained.
The carbonic acyl radical and ether electrolyte of 10 μ L can be about in super close electrolyte membrane surface rapid osmotic, contact angle
0°;The imbibition rate of ether electrolyte reaches 265%, and after being placed in 30 min under room temperature, electrolyte retention rate still reaches 78.6%.
There is not shrinkage phenomenon in 1 h under 160 °C, super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm.
With the ferric phosphate lithium cell of super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm assembling: (1) at 2.0 C, recycling it by 100 times
Afterwards, battery capacity retention rate is up to 93.2%.(2) when discharge-rate increases to 3.0 C from 0.1 C, battery capacity retention rate is
75.38%, much higher than the 55.90% of basilar partition.(3) battery is placed under 160 °C, there is no electricity within the entire working time
Pressure drop, showing the diaphragm at high temperature has good thermal stability.
Embodiment 5
(1) it weighs 0.18 g sepiolite to be scattered in 80 mL deionized waters, 1 h of water bath sonicator;Weigh 0.2g carboxymethyl cellulose
Plain sodium is scattered in be gone in 20 mL aqueous isopropanols;Then by sodium carboxymethylcellulose dispersion liquid in stirring (1000 r/
Min slow (10 mL/s) is added in sepiolite dispersion liquid under the conditions of);Then, the magnetic agitation 24 under the conditions of 1000 r/min
H, 30 min of ultrasonication, obtains uniform sizing material.Solid content is 0.2wt% in slurry.
(2) use pulling coating machine by slurry uniform load obtained by step (1) to poly- (vinylidene-at room temperatureco- six
Fluoropropene) diaphragm two sides.Place it in 30 min in 30 °C.It repeats the above process 1 time, coating average load amount is 0.06 mg
cm−2.12 h in 80 °C of vacuum environment are subsequently placed at, stable super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm is obtained.
The carbonic acyl radical and ether electrolyte of 10 μ L can be about in super close electrolyte membrane surface rapid osmotic, contact angle
0°;The imbibition rate of carbonic acyl radical electrolyte reaches 170%, and after being placed in 30 min under room temperature, electrolyte retention rate still reaches 80%.
There is not shrinkage phenomenon in 1 h under 160 °C, super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm.
With the ferric phosphate lithium cell of super close electrolyte lithium battery diaphragm assembling: (1) at 1.0 C, recycling it by 500 times
Afterwards, battery capacity retention rate is up to 93.5%.(2) when discharge-rate increases to 5.0 C from 0.1 C, battery capacity retention rate is
67.86%, much higher than the 45.90% of basilar partition.(3) battery is placed under 160 °C, there is no electricity within the entire working time
Pressure drop, showing the diaphragm at high temperature has good thermal stability.