CN109679603A - 一种复合离子聚合物凝胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种复合离子聚合物凝胶及其制备方法,主要用于油田开发过程中储层内高渗透条带或大孔道封堵。凝胶体系组份及质量百分含量以水为100%计量,加入丙烯酰胺3.4%~6.0%,聚合氯化铝1.0%~3.0%,N,N‑亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.06%~0.4%,过硫酸铵0.05%~0.4%,尿素0.8%~1.5%。将凝胶体系注入地层或岩心,候凝1h~120h。凝胶适用油藏温度范围25℃~100℃,成胶时间可在1h~120h内调节。本发明的复合离子聚合物凝胶,成胶前其初始黏度低于10mPa.s,可以在储层岩石孔隙内发生交联反应,形成的凝胶具有优良封堵性和稳定性,适用于储层中高渗透条带或大孔道封堵。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种复合离子聚合物凝胶及其制备方法,主要用于油田开发过程中储层内高渗透条带或大孔道封堵。
背景技术
国内外绝大多数油田都采取注水开发方式,目前国内主要油田都已经进入高含水或特高含水开发期。经历长期高强度注水或注聚冲刷作用,部分储层岩石结构遭到破坏,造成岩石胶结物和骨架颗粒发生运移,进而在近井地带形成高渗透条带或大孔道,这进一步加剧了储层非均质性,致使注入水或驱油剂沿大孔道突进,形成低效或无效循环,最终降低中低渗透层波及效率和采收率。因此,如何减少注入水在高渗透条带或大孔道内低效和无效循环、提高中低渗透层波及体积已成为油田开发过程中的主要技术难题之一。目前,油田上高渗透条带或大孔道治理用封堵剂主要包括聚合物凝胶和淀粉接枝共聚物凝胶等,前者强度较低,难以适应大孔道治理技术需求;后者强度性能明显提高,但初始黏度较高,注入性较差,易于造成非目的层伤害。因此,油田生产亟待开发一种封堵强度高、注入性好和成本低的凝胶体系。
发明内容
本发明目的在于解决现有封堵剂自身性能的不足,开发一种复合离子聚合物凝胶及其制备方法。该凝胶由主剂、“无机+有机”交联剂和助剂组成,主剂为丙烯酰胺,无机交联剂为聚合氯化铝,有机交联剂为N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,助剂为尿素和过硫酸铵。
本发明的凝胶体系组份及质量百分含量如下:
以水为100%计量,加入下述物质和含量:
丙烯酰胺3.4%~6.0%,
聚合氯化铝1.0%~3.0%,
N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.06%~0.4%,
过硫酸铵0.05%~0.4%,
尿素0.8%~1.5%。
本发明的复合离子聚合物凝胶制备步骤如下:
(1)称量一定体积溶剂水,溶剂水可以是油田生产污水或注入清水;
(2)按照配方组成称量各种组份;
(3)将聚合氯化铝分散到溶剂水中,搅拌均匀,得到聚合氯化铝溶液;
(4)将尿素加入到聚合氯化铝溶液中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(5)将丙烯酰胺、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和过硫酸铵混合均匀,并将其加入到混合液中,搅拌均匀,得到凝胶体系。
将凝胶体系注入地层或岩心,候凝1h~120h;适用油藏温度范围25℃~100℃;成胶时间可在1h~120h内调节。
本发明的复合离子聚合物凝胶,成胶前其初始黏度低于10mPa.s,可以在储层岩石孔隙内发生交联反应,形成的凝胶具有优良封堵性和稳定性,适用于储层中高渗透条带或大孔道封堵。
与现有聚合物凝胶和淀粉接枝共聚物凝胶相比较,本凝胶具有以下优点:(1)耐温性(25℃~100℃)和稳定性较强;(2)成胶前初始黏度低于10mPa.s,注入性较好;(3)储层岩石孔隙内成胶效果较好,封堵强度较高;(4)原材料来源较广,成本较低,技术经济效果较好。
附图说明
图1:封堵效果特征曲线。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(1)按照表1中离子组成配制注入模拟水,得到溶剂水;
(2)称取100g溶剂水和1.0g聚合氯化铝(1.0%聚合氯化铝);
(3)将聚合氯化铝分散到溶剂水中,搅拌均匀,得到聚合氯化铝溶液;
(4)将0.8%(0.8g)尿素加入聚合氯化铝溶液中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(5)称取3.4%(3.4g)丙烯酰胺、0.06%(0.06g)N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和0.05%(0.05g)过硫酸铵,混合均匀,将其加入混合液中,搅拌均匀,得到凝胶体系。
实施例2
(1)按照表1中离子组成配制注入模拟水,得到溶剂水;
(2)称取一定体积溶剂水和2.0%聚合氯化铝(实例中用100g水和2.0g聚合氯化铝);
(3)将聚合氯化铝分散到溶剂水中,搅拌均匀,得到聚合氯化铝溶液;
(4)将1.0%(1.0g)尿素加入聚合氯化铝溶液中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(5)称取5.0%(10.0g)丙烯酰胺、0.3%(0.3g)过硫酸铵和0.3%(0.3g)N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,混合均匀,将其加入混合液中,搅拌均匀,得到凝胶体系。
实施例3
(1)按照表1中离子组成配制注入模拟水,得到溶剂水;
(2)称取一定体积溶剂水和3.0%聚合氯化铝(实例中用100g水和3.0g聚合氯化铝);
(3)将聚合氯化铝分散到溶剂水中,搅拌均匀,得到聚合氯化铝溶液;
(4)将1.5%(1.5g)尿素加入聚合氯化铝溶液中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(5)称取6.0%(6.0g)丙烯酰胺、0.4%(0.4g)过硫酸铵和0.4%(0.4g)N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,混合均匀,将其加入混合液中,搅拌均匀,得到凝胶体系。
表1水质分析表
实施例4
(1)称取一定体积自来水和3.0%聚合氯化铝(实例中用100g水和3.0g聚合氯化铝);
(2)将聚合氯化铝分散到溶剂水中,搅拌均匀,得到聚合氯化铝溶液;
(3)将1.5%(1.5g)尿素加入聚合氯化铝溶液中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(4)称取6.0%(6.0g)丙烯酰胺、0.4%(0.4g)过硫酸铵和0.4%(0.4g)N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺,混合均匀,将其加入混合液中,搅拌均匀,得到凝胶体系。
2、复合离子凝胶性能测试
(1)黏度
复合离子凝胶体系黏度与时间关系测试结果见表2。
表2实施例1粘度测试结果(mPa·s)
表3实施例2粘度测试结果(mPa·s)
表4实施例3粘度测试结果(mPa·s)
表5实施例4粘度测试结果(mPa·s)
从表2-5可以看出,复合离子凝胶体系初始黏度低于10.0mPa·s,成胶后黏度超过10×104mPa·s,注入水类型对复合离子凝胶体系成胶效果基本没影响。
(2)不同类型凝胶体系成胶效果对比
不同类型凝胶体系在岩心内成胶效果对比实验结果见表6,注入压力与PV数关系对比见图1。(选择复合离子凝胶与淀粉胶进行对比)
表6静态成胶实验效果
从表6可以看出,在凝胶注入阶段,与淀粉接枝共聚物凝胶体系相比较,复合离子凝胶体系注入压力(压力梯度)较低,表现出较好注入性。在后续水驱阶段,复合离子凝胶体系注入压力(压力梯度)远高于淀粉接枝共聚物凝胶体系的值。综上所述,复合离子凝胶体系不仅注入能力较强,而且封堵效果也较好(见图1)。
3、技术经济效果评价
与已有的淀粉接枝共聚物凝胶成本相比较,复合离子凝胶药剂费用较低,1m3工作液的药剂使用成本可降低20%,技术经济效果较好。
综上所述,本发明制得的复合离子聚合物凝胶体系初始黏度低(黏度小于10mPa·s),在25℃~100℃条件下,通过调整体系配方,成胶时间1h~120h可控,成胶强度大于10万mPa·s,适用于储层中高渗透条带或大孔道封堵;复合离子凝胶体系与油田常用的调堵剂相比,总价较低,经济效果较好。
Claims (3)
1.一种复合离子聚合物凝胶;其特征是以水为100%计量,加入组份及质量百分含量如下:
丙烯酰胺3.4%~6.0%,
聚合氯化铝1.0%~3.0%,
N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺0.06%~0.4%,
过硫酸铵0.05%~0.4%,
尿素0.8%~1.5%。
2.权利要求1的复合离子聚合物凝胶的制备方法,其特征是步骤如下:
(1)称量一定体积溶剂水;
(2)按照配方组成和含量称量各种组份;
(3)将聚合氯化铝分散到溶剂水中,搅拌均匀,得到聚合氯化铝溶液;
(4)将尿素加入到聚合氯化铝溶液中,搅拌均匀,得到混合液;
(5)将丙烯酰胺、N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和过硫酸铵混合均匀,并将其加入到混合液中,搅拌均匀,得到凝胶体系。
3.权利要求2的所述的方法,其特征是,溶剂水是油田生产污水或注入清水。
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