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CN109669142A - Method and system for monitoring vanadium migration of all-vanadium redox flow battery in real time - Google Patents

Method and system for monitoring vanadium migration of all-vanadium redox flow battery in real time Download PDF

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CN109669142A
CN109669142A CN201811140235.5A CN201811140235A CN109669142A CN 109669142 A CN109669142 A CN 109669142A CN 201811140235 A CN201811140235 A CN 201811140235A CN 109669142 A CN109669142 A CN 109669142A
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vanadium
positive
electrolyte
negative
formula
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CN109669142B (en
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于彩红
董艳影
赵叶龙
邹毅
刘宗浩
宋玉波
王良
梁加富
高新亮
王丹
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Dalian Rongke Power Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method and a system for monitoring vanadium migration of an all-vanadium redox flow battery in real time, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring sampling data, namely sampling potential parameters of the positive and negative electrolytes with different concentrations relative to a reference solution through an SOC detection device, and simultaneously acquiring the total volume of the positive electrolyte and the total volume of the negative electrolyte; fitting an empirical formula of the potential of the positive/negative electrolyte through sampling data; establishing an electrolyte concentration monitoring database and determining the concentration of each valence state vanadium ion in the positive/negative electrode electrolyte to be detected; calculating the total vanadium content of the positive/negative electrodes based on the determined concentration of each valence state vanadium ion in the positive/negative electrode electrolyte to be detected, and further obtaining the vanadium migration volume of the system; based on the calculated vanadium migration amount of the system, the electrolyte is adjusted in the reverse direction of vanadium migration to restore the vanadium amount of the anode and the cathode to the initial optimal proportion so as to restore the capacity of the system. The invention can conveniently obtain the vanadium migration volume of the system, thereby inhibiting the capacity attenuation caused by vanadium migration.

Description

A kind of method and system for the migration of real-time monitoring all-vanadium flow battery vanadium
Technical field
The present invention relates to flow battery technology, it is specifically a kind of for real-time monitoring all-vanadium flow battery vanadium migration Method and system.
Background technique
Vanadium cell system is with the progress of charge and discharge, and the vanadium ion in electrolyte can be migrated through film, to influence Power system capacity.
Currently, there are the following problems for solution in the prior art:
1. replacing ionic membrane in pile, using the resistance better film of vanadium effect, but at present, this technology is still immature；
2. periodically the side more than the vanadium adjusts electrolyte to the few side of vanadium, but system is with the difference of operational mode, vanadium Migratory direction is also different, the amount of migration also different from；And vanadium of the vanadium cell system with the progress of charge and discharge, in electrolyte Ion can be migrated through film, to influence power system capacity.
In summary, the on-line monitoring method of existing fluid cell electrolyte CONCENTRATION STATE especially offset variation situation Equal certain drawbacks are not able to satisfy the use demand of real-time monitoring fluid cell electrolyte state.
Summary of the invention
In view of drawback of the existing technology, one aspect of the present invention is provided moves for real-time monitoring all-vanadium flow battery vanadium The method of shifting, the technical issues of effectively to solve mentioned in background technique.
A method of it is migrated for real-time monitoring all-vanadium flow battery vanadium, which comprises the steps of:
S1, obtain sampled data, i.e., it is molten relative to reference to the positive and negative anodes electrolyte of various concentration by SOC detection device The potential parameters of liquid are sampled, while being acquired to anode electrolyte total volume, electrolyte liquid total volume；The SOC Detection device include end plate, the first bipolar plates, positive/negative electrolyte test chamber, amberplex, respectively with the positive/negative The anode electrolyte the import and export pipeline and electrolyte liquid the import and export pipeline that electrolyte test chamber is connected, it is multiple to offer first The insulation board of through-hole, reference test chamber and second bipolar plates of the reference test chamber as potential test electrode are placed in, In, the insulation board is respectively set at the amberplex two sides and is examined with interval reference test chamber and positive/negative electrolyte Survey chamber；Filled with reference solution in the reference test chamber；
S2, positive/negative electrolyte current potential empirical equation is fitted by sampled data；
Wherein, the anode electrolyte current potential empirical equation is
The electrolyte liquid current potential empirical equation is
In formula, EJust、EIt is negativeRespectively positive and negative electrode electrolyte current potential, unit mV； Respectively For divalent, trivalent, 4 valences, 5 valence vanadium ion concentrations；AJustFor anodic potentials empirical equation constant term；BJustFor anodic potentials empirical equation 4 Valence vanadium ion coefficient；CJustFor 5 valence vanadium ion coefficient of anodic potentials empirical equation；AIt is negativeFor cathode potential empirical equation constant term；BIt is negative For cathode potential empirical equation divalent vanadium ion coefficient；CIt is negativeFor cathode potential empirical equation trivalent vanadium ion coefficient；
S3, it establishes concentration of electrolyte monitor database and determines that each valence state vanadium ion is dense in positive/negative electrolyte to be measured Degree, the concentration of electrolyte monitor database include positive/negative electrolyte current potential empirical equation, vanadium total material amount conservation formula with And at least one formula or inequality in optional formula/inequality, the optional formula/inequality includes system flat fare State formula, positive vanadium total amount conservation formula, cathode vanadium total amount conservation formula, positive vanadium concentration ranges inequality and cathode vanadium are dense Spend section inequality；
S4, based on each valence state vanadium ion concentration in identified positive/negative electrolyte to be measured, it is total to calculate positive/negative Vanadium amount, and then obtain system vanadium the amount of migration；
S5, it is based on system vanadium the amount of migration calculated, the opposite direction adjustment electrolyte migrated to vanadium keeps positive and negative anodes vanadium amount extensive Arriving initial optimal proportion again makes power system capacity be restored；
Wherein, vanadium the amount of migration calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, NJust、NIt is negativeThe respectively amount of positive and negative anodes side vanadium ion total material, Respectively For 2,3,4,5 valence vanadium ion concentrations, VJust、VIt is negativeRespectively anode electrolyte volume, electrolyte liquid product, NMigrationIt is moved for vanadium ion Shifting amount；
The adjustable strategies of the opposite direction adjustment electrolyte migrated to vanadium are as follows: if NMigrationIt, then need to be from anode to cathode tune for positive value Whole electrolyte adjusts volume are as follows:
If NMigrationFor negative value, then electrolyte need to be adjusted from cathode to anode, adjust volume are as follows:
Wherein, the vanadium total material amount conservation formula is
V in formulaJust、VIt is negativeRespectively positive and negative electrode electrolyte volume, NAlwaysFor the total material of valence state vanadium ion each in battery system Amount, unit mol；
The system average valence formula
In formula, M is the average valence of each valence state vanadium ion of system；
The anode vanadium total amount conservation formula
In formula, NJustFor the amount of side of the positive electrode vanadium ion total material, unit mol；
The cathode vanadium total amount conservation formula；
In formula, NIt is negativeFor the amount of negative side vanadium ion total material, unit mol；
The anode vanadium concentration ranges inequality
In formula, cIt is initial totalFor the concentration of electrolyte value being initially added in system；
The cathode vanadium concentration ranges inequality
In formula, cIt is initial totalFor the concentration of electrolyte value being initially added in system.
Further, it when carrying out data sampling, forms and changes in all vanadium flow energy-storage battery system positive and negative anodes electrolyte In range, 0.2mol/L, positive and negative anodes electrolyte total V density sample point are not more than with different valence state vanadium ion concentration change interval No less than 3, hydrogen ion concentration sample point is no less than 3 and is sampled for sampling condition.
Further, the test chamber of the SOC detection device is by reference test chamber and anode electrolyte test chamber, cathode At least one of electrolyte test chamber electrolyte test chamber composition.
Further, the reference test chamber is provided with the second through-hole updated for reference solution circulation.
Further, the reference solution is the electrolyte with vanadium ion.
Further, in the electrolyte vanadium ion valence state range be 3.5 valences valence state or 4 valences and 5 valences mixing One of valence state.
Further, second bipolar plates, which are placed in inside reference test chamber, is separated by cavity, the aperture face of the cavity The long-pending proportional region with the reference test chamber chamber internal electrode gross area is 0~1.
Further, the material of second bipolar plates be carbon material, it is metal material, any one in conducting polymer Kind.
Further, high-specific surface area material or hydrophilic material are filled in the aperture of the first through hole.
Further, the first through hole is clear opening or extends the bending of bending along the insulation plate thickness direction Hole.
Further, the material of the insulation board is PP insulating materials, PE insulating materials, PVC insulating materials, PVDF insulation Any one in material, PTFE insulating materials.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of system for capableing of real-time monitoring all-vanadium flow battery side reaction, and feature exists In, comprising:
Data sampling unit, for molten relative to reference to the positive and negative anodes electrolyte of various concentration by SOC detection device The potential parameters of liquid are sampled, while being acquired to anode electrolyte total volume, electrolyte liquid total volume；The SOC Detection device include end plate, the first bipolar plates, positive/negative electrolyte test chamber, amberplex, respectively with the positive/negative The anode electrolyte the import and export pipeline and electrolyte liquid the import and export pipeline that electrolyte test chamber is connected, it is multiple to offer first The insulation board of through-hole, reference test chamber and second bipolar plates of the reference test chamber as potential test electrode are placed in, In, the insulation board is respectively set at the amberplex two sides and is examined with interval reference test chamber and positive/negative electrolyte Survey chamber；Filled with reference solution in the reference test chamber；
Sampled data fitting unit, for fitting positive/negative electricity by sampled data acquired in data sampling unit Solve liquid current potential empirical equation；
Wherein, the anode electrolyte current potential empirical equation is
The electrolyte liquid current potential empirical equation is
In formula, EJust、EIt is negativeRespectively positive and negative anodes electrolyte current potential, unit mV； Respectively Divalent, trivalent, 4 valences, 5 valence vanadium ion concentrations；AJustDetermine each valence state vanadium ion concentration anodic potentials in positive/negative electrolyte to be measured Empirical equation constant term；BJustFor 4 valence vanadium ion coefficient of anodic potentials empirical equation；CJustFor 5 valence vanadium of anodic potentials empirical equation from Subsystem number；AIt is negativeFor cathode potential empirical equation constant term；BIt is negativeFor cathode potential empirical equation divalent vanadium ion coefficient；CIt is negativeFor cathode Current potential empirical equation trivalent vanadium ion coefficient；
Concentration monitor unit, for determining positive/negative electrolysis to be measured based on the concentration of electrolyte monitor database established Each valence state vanadium ion concentration in liquid, the concentration of electrolyte monitor database include positive/negative electrolyte current potential empirical equation, Vanadium total material amount conservation formula and at least one formula in optional formula/inequality or inequality determine to be measured positive/negative Each valence state vanadium ion concentration in the electrolyte of pole, the optional formula/inequality include that system average valence formula, positive vanadium are total Measure conservation formula, cathode vanadium total amount conservation formula, positive vanadium concentration ranges inequality and cathode vanadium concentration ranges inequality；
System vanadium the amount of migration computing unit, for based on each valence state vanadium in identified positive/negative electrolyte to be measured from Sub- concentration calculates the total vanadium amount of positive/negative, and then obtains system vanadium the amount of migration；
Capacity restoration unit, for being based on system vanadium the amount of migration calculated, the opposite direction migrated to vanadium adjusts electrolyte So that positive and negative anodes vanadium amount is restored to initial optimal proportion makes power system capacity be restored.
Wherein, vanadium the amount of migration calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, NJust、NIt is negativeThe respectively amount of positive and negative anodes side vanadium ion total material, Respectively For 2,3,4,5 valence vanadium ion concentrations, VJust、VIt is negativeRespectively anode electrolyte volume, electrolyte liquid product, NMigrationIt is moved for vanadium ion Shifting amount；
The adjustable strategies of the opposite direction adjustment electrolyte migrated to vanadium are as follows: if NMigrationIt, then need to be from anode to cathode tune for positive value Whole electrolyte adjusts volume are as follows:
If NMigrationFor negative value, then electrolyte need to be adjusted from cathode to anode, adjust volume are as follows:
Wherein, the vanadium total material amount conservation formula is
V in formulaJust、VIt is negativeRespectively positive and negative electrode electrolyte volume, NAlwaysFor the total material of valence state vanadium ion each in battery system Amount, unit mol；
The system average valence formula
In formula, M is the average valence of each valence state vanadium ion of system；
The anode vanadium total amount conservation formula
In formula, NJustFor the amount of side of the positive electrode vanadium ion total material, unit mol；
The cathode vanadium total amount conservation formula；
In formula, NIt is negativeFor the amount of negative side vanadium ion total material, unit mol；
The anode vanadium concentration ranges inequality
In formula, cIt is initial totalFor the concentration of electrolyte value being initially added in system；
The cathode vanadium concentration ranges inequality
In formula, cIt is initial totalFor the concentration of electrolyte value being initially added in system.
Further, it when carrying out data sampling, forms and changes in all vanadium flow energy-storage battery system positive and negative anodes electrolyte In range, 0.2mol/L, positive and negative anodes electrolyte total V density sample point are not more than with different valence state vanadium ion concentration change interval No less than 3, hydrogen ion concentration sample point is no less than 3 and is sampled for sampling condition.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention only needs acquisition system positive and negative anodes electrolyte volume and positive and negative anodes electrolyte with respect to the potential difference four of reference liquid A parameter convenient can obtain system vanadium the amount of migration, reach to reach capacity attenuation caused by inhibition is migrated by vanadium and work as vanadium migration To influence power system capacity degree when, carry out electrolyte adjustment, so that positive and negative anodes vanadium amount is reached balance, recovery system capacity again.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below There is attached drawing needed in technical description to do simply to introduce, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is this hair Bright some embodiments for those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative labor, can be with It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the corresponding SOC structure of the detecting device schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the first second bipolar plate structure schematic diagram of the corresponding SOC detection device-of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is corresponding-second second bipolar plate structure schematic diagram of SOC detection device of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the corresponding SOC detection device-panel structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is that the corresponding SOC detection device of the embodiment of the present invention-reference solution circulation updates structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 6-Fig. 7 is the corresponding system discharge capacity instance graph of inventive embodiments；
Fig. 8 is the corresponding flow chart of steps of the method for the invention.
In figure: 1, end plate, the 2, first bipolar plates, 3, anode electrolyte test chamber, 4, electrolyte liquid test chamber cavity, 5, Amberplex, 6, anode electrolyte the import and export pipeline, 7, electrolyte liquid the import and export pipeline, 8, insulation board, 801, first is logical Hole, 9, reference test chamber, the 10, second bipolar plates, 1001, cavity, the 11, second through-hole, 12, SOC detection device, 13, anode electricity Solve liquid storage tank, 14, cathode electrolyte storage tank, 15, reference storage tank, 16, valve and pipeline.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art Every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In view of many drawbacks of the existing technology.Such as Fig. 8, the present invention devises a kind of for real-time monitoring all-vanadium flow The method of battery side reaction, which comprises the steps of: S1, obtain sampled data, that is, pass through SOC detection device pair The positive and negative anodes electrolyte of various concentration is sampled relative to the potential parameters of reference solution (measures the electrolysis of various concentration positive and negative anodes Liquid phase for reference liquid current potential when, positive and negative anodes concentration of electrolyte need to consider that 2,3,4,5 valence vanadium ion concentrations and hydrogen ion are dense Degree), while anode electrolyte total volume, electrolyte liquid total volume are acquired by liquidometer；The SOC detection device Including end plate, the first bipolar plates, positive/negative electrolyte test chamber, amberplex, respectively with the positive/negative electrolyte examine The anode electrolyte the import and export pipeline and electrolyte liquid the import and export pipeline that chamber is connected are surveyed, it is multiple to offer the exhausted of first through hole Listrium, reference test chamber and be placed in second bipolar plates of the reference test chamber as potential test electrode, wherein it is described absolutely Listrium is respectively set at the amberplex two sides with interval reference test chamber and positive/negative electrolyte test chamber；It is described Filled with reference solution in reference test chamber；The electrolyte potential parameters include system open loop voltage；
S2, positive/negative electrolyte current potential empirical equation is fitted by sampled data；Wherein, the anode electrolyte electricity Position empirical equation be
The electrolyte liquid current potential empirical equation is
In formula, EJust、EIt is negativeRespectively positive and negative electrode electrolyte current potential, unit mV； Respectively For divalent, trivalent, 4 valences, 5 valence vanadium ion concentrations；AJustFor anodic potentials empirical equation constant term；BJustFor anodic potentials empirical equation 4 Valence vanadium ion coefficient；CJustFor 5 valence vanadium ion coefficient of anodic potentials empirical equation；AIt is negativeFor cathode potential empirical equation constant term；BIt is negative For cathode potential empirical equation divalent vanadium ion coefficient；CIt is negativeFor cathode potential empirical equation trivalent vanadium ion coefficient；
S3, it establishes concentration of electrolyte monitor database and determines that each valence state vanadium ion is dense in positive/negative electrolyte to be measured Degree, the concentration of electrolyte monitor database include positive/negative electrolyte current potential empirical equation, vanadium total material amount conservation formula with And at least one formula or inequality in optional formula/inequality, the optional formula/inequality includes system flat fare State formula, positive vanadium total amount conservation formula, cathode vanadium total amount conservation formula, positive vanadium concentration ranges inequality and cathode vanadium are dense Spend section inequality；
S4, based on each valence state vanadium ion concentration in identified positive/negative electrolyte to be measured, it is total to calculate positive/negative Vanadium amount, and then obtain system vanadium the amount of migration；
S5, it is based on system vanadium the amount of migration calculated, the opposite direction adjustment electrolyte migrated to vanadium keeps positive and negative anodes vanadium amount extensive Arriving initial optimal proportion again makes power system capacity be restored；
Wherein, vanadium the amount of migration calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, NJust、NIt is negativeThe respectively amount of positive and negative anodes side vanadium ion total material, Respectively For 2,3,4,5 valence vanadium ion concentrations, VJust、VIt is negativeRespectively anode electrolyte volume, electrolyte liquid product, NMigrationIt is moved for vanadium ion Shifting amount；
The adjustable strategies of the opposite direction adjustment electrolyte migrated to vanadium are as follows: if NMigrationIt, then need to be from anode to cathode tune for positive value Whole electrolyte adjusts volume are as follows:
If NMigrationFor negative value, then electrolyte need to be adjusted from cathode to anode, adjust volume are as follows:
Wherein, the vanadium total material amount conservation formula is
V in formulaJust、VIt is negativeRespectively positive and negative electrode electrolyte volume, NAlwaysFor the total material of valence state vanadium ion each in battery system Amount, unit mol；
The system average valence formula
In formula, M is the average valence of each valence state vanadium ion of system；
The anode vanadium total amount conservation formula
In formula, NJustFor the amount of side of the positive electrode vanadium ion total material, unit mol；
The cathode vanadium total amount conservation formula；
In formula, NIt is negativeFor the amount of negative side vanadium ion total material, unit mol；
The anode vanadium concentration ranges inequality
In formula, cIt is initial totalFor the concentration of electrolyte value being initially added in system；
The cathode vanadium concentration ranges inequality
In formula, cIt is initial totalFor the concentration of electrolyte value being initially added in system.
In a kind of optional embodiment, when carrying out data sampling, in all vanadium flow energy-storage battery system positive and negative anodes Electrolyte forms in variation range, is not more than 0.2mol/L, positive and negative anodes electrolyte with different valence state vanadium ion concentration change interval Total V density sample point is no less than 3, and hydrogen ion concentration sample point is no less than 3 and is sampled for sampling condition.
In a kind of optional embodiment, the test chamber of the SOC detection device is by with following several combining forms: It is made of two kinds of test chambers of reference test chamber and anode electrolyte test chamber；Or by reference test chamber and electrolyte liquid Two kinds of test chamber compositions of test chamber；Or by reference test chamber, anode electrolyte test chamber, electrolyte liquid test chamber and 3 Kind electrolyte test chamber composition.
In a kind of optional embodiment, the reference test chamber is provided with second updated for reference solution circulation and leads to Hole.
In a kind of optional embodiment, the reference solution is the electrolyte with vanadium ion.Preferably, the electricity The valence state range of vanadium ion in liquid is solved as any one valence state model in the mixed valence of the valence state of 3.5 valences or 4 valences and 5 valences It encloses.
In a kind of optional embodiment, the part that second bipolar plates are placed in reference test chamber is provided with cavity, The shape of the cavity is unlimited, but the proportional region of its perforated area and the reference test chamber chamber internal electrode gross area is 0~1.
In a kind of optional embodiment, the material of second bipolar plates is carbon material, metal material, conducting polymer Any one in object.
In a kind of optional embodiment, since the first through hole needs to fill solution, the hole of first through hole High-specific surface area material or hydrophilic material are filled in diameter, it is preferred to use the materials such as carbon felt, active carbon.
In a kind of optional embodiment, the first through hole is clear opening or prolongs along the insulation plate thickness direction The bending hole of bending is stretched to form capillary structure and make reference test chamber and positive reference test chamber and reference test chamber and bear Pole reference test chamber passes through the capillary structure and is connected.
In a kind of optional embodiment, the material of the insulation board is PP insulating materials, PE insulating materials, PVC exhausted Edge material, PVDF insulating materials, any one in PTFE insulating materials.
Another aspect of the present invention provides the flow battery system based on the SOC detection device.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of system for capableing of real-time monitoring all-vanadium flow battery side reaction, and feature exists In, comprising:
Data sampling unit, for molten relative to reference to the positive and negative anodes electrolyte of various concentration by SOC detection device The potential parameters of liquid are sampled, while being acquired to anode electrolyte total volume, electrolyte liquid total volume；The SOC Detection device include end plate, the first bipolar plates, positive/negative electrolyte test chamber, amberplex, respectively with the positive/negative The anode electrolyte the import and export pipeline and electrolyte liquid the import and export pipeline that electrolyte test chamber is connected, it is multiple to offer first The insulation board of through-hole, reference test chamber and second bipolar plates of the reference test chamber as potential test electrode are placed in, In, the insulation board is respectively set at the amberplex two sides and is examined with interval reference test chamber and positive/negative electrolyte Survey chamber；Filled with reference solution in the reference test chamber；
Sampled data fitting unit, for fitting positive/negative electricity by sampled data acquired in data sampling unit Solve liquid current potential empirical equation；
Wherein, the anode electrolyte current potential empirical equation is
The electrolyte liquid current potential empirical equation is
In formula, EJust、EIt is negativeRespectively positive and negative electrode electrolyte current potential, unit mV； Respectively For divalent, trivalent, 4 valences, 5 valence vanadium ion concentrations；AJustFor anodic potentials empirical equation constant term；BJustFor anodic potentials empirical equation 4 Valence vanadium ion coefficient；CJustFor 5 valence vanadium ion coefficient of anodic potentials empirical equation；AIt is negativeFor cathode potential empirical equation constant term；BIt is negative For cathode potential empirical equation divalent vanadium ion coefficient；CIt is negativeFor cathode potential empirical equation trivalent vanadium ion coefficient；
Concentration monitor unit, for determining positive/negative electrolysis to be measured based on the concentration of electrolyte monitor database established Each valence state vanadium ion concentration in liquid, the concentration of electrolyte monitor database include positive/negative electrolyte current potential empirical equation, Vanadium total material amount conservation formula and at least one formula in optional formula/inequality or inequality determine to be measured positive/negative Each valence state vanadium ion concentration in the electrolyte of pole, the optional formula/inequality include that system average valence formula, positive vanadium are total Measure conservation formula, cathode vanadium total amount conservation formula, positive vanadium concentration ranges inequality and cathode vanadium concentration ranges inequality；
Wherein, the vanadium total material amount conservation formula is
V in formulaJust、VIt is negativeRespectively positive and negative electrode electrolyte volume, NAlwaysFor the total material of valence state vanadium ion each in battery system Amount, unit mol；
The system average valence formula
In formula, M is the average valence of each valence state vanadium ion of system；
The anode vanadium total amount conservation formula
In formula, NJustFor the amount of side of the positive electrode vanadium ion total material, unit mol；
The cathode vanadium total amount conservation formula；
In formula, NIt is negativeFor the amount of negative side vanadium ion total material, unit mol；
The anode vanadium concentration ranges inequality
In formula, cIt is initial totalFor the concentration of electrolyte value being initially added in system；
The cathode vanadium concentration ranges inequality
In formula, cIt is initial totalFor the concentration of electrolyte value being initially added in system；
System vanadium the amount of migration computing unit, for based on each valence state vanadium in identified positive/negative electrolyte to be measured from Sub- concentration calculates the total vanadium amount of positive/negative, and then obtains system vanadium the amount of migration；
Capacity restoration unit, for being based on system vanadium the amount of migration calculated, the opposite direction migrated to vanadium adjusts electrolyte So that positive and negative anodes vanadium amount is restored to initial optimal proportion makes power system capacity be restored.
Wherein, vanadium the amount of migration calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, NJust、NIt is negativeThe respectively amount of positive and negative anodes side vanadium ion total material, Respectively For 2,3,4,5 valence vanadium ion concentrations, VJust、VIt is negativeRespectively anode electrolyte volume, electrolyte liquid product, NMigrationIt is moved for vanadium ion Shifting amount；
The adjustable strategies of the opposite direction adjustment electrolyte migrated to vanadium are as follows: if NMigrationIt, then need to be from anode to cathode tune for positive value Whole electrolyte adjusts volume are as follows:
If NMigrationFor negative value, then electrolyte need to be adjusted from cathode to anode, adjust volume are as follows:
Further, it when carrying out data sampling, forms and changes in all vanadium flow energy-storage battery system positive and negative anodes electrolyte In range, 0.2mol/L, positive and negative anodes electrolyte total V density sample point are not more than with different valence state vanadium ion concentration change interval No less than 3, hydrogen ion concentration sample point is no less than 3 and is sampled for sampling condition.
Based on above-mentioned design scheme, it is further described and proves by taking embodiment as Figure 1-Figure 5 as an example, the example Use the test chamber of the SOC detection device 12 by reference test chamber, anode electrolyte test chamber, electrolyte liquid test chamber with And 3 kinds of electrolyte test chamber compositions；Specifically, a kind of SOC detection of detection flow battery electrolyte inside state as shown in Figure 1 Device comprising end plate 1, the first bipolar plates 2, anode electrolyte test chamber 3, electrolyte liquid test chamber 4, amberplex 5, The anode electrolyte the import and export pipeline 6 being connected respectively with the positive/negative electrolyte test chamber (connect anolyte liquid storage tank 13) with electrolyte liquid the import and export pipeline 7 (connecting cathode electrolyte storage tank 14)；4 offer the insulation board of first through hole 801 8, it is provided with the reference test chamber 9 of the second through-hole 11 updated for reference solution circulation and is placed in the reference test chamber as electricity Second bipolar plates 10 of bit test electrode, the insulation board 9 are respectively set at 5 two sides of amberplex with interval reference Test chamber 9 is with positive/negative electrolyte test chamber (i.e. so that anode electrolyte test chamber and/or electrolyte liquid test chamber pass through Ionic membrane and insulation board and reference chamber separate)；Filled with reference solution in the reference test chamber.
Wherein, the reference solution is the electrolyte with vanadium ion, and the valence state range of the vanadium ion is 4 valences and 5 valences Mixed valence in；The part that second bipolar plates are placed in reference test chamber is provided with square cavity 1001 as shown in Figure 2, It can also structure as shown in Figure 3；The material of second bipolar plates is carbon material；Carbon felt is filled in the aperture of the first through hole Material；As shown in figure 4, the first through hole is capillary structure (the longer the better for the length of aperture)；The material of the insulation board For PVC insulating materials；As shown in figure 5, the reference test chamber is provided with the second through-hole updated for reference solution circulation, pass through valve Door is sent reference solution by the second through-hole to reference test chamber from reference storage tank 15 with pipeline 16；
Wherein positive/negative electrolyte current potential empirical equation；
Wherein, the anode electrolyte current potential empirical equation is
The electrolyte liquid current potential empirical equation is
In formula, EJust、EIt is negativeRespectively positive and negative anodes electrolyte current potential, unit mV； Respectively Divalent, trivalent, 4 valences, 5 valence vanadium ion concentrations；AJustAnodic potentials empirical equation constant term, preferred value 695.4；BJustAnodic potentials warp 4 valence vanadium ion coefficient of formula is tested, preferred value is -19.1；CJust5 valence vanadium ion coefficient of anodic potentials empirical equation, preferred value are 165.2；AIt is negativeCathode potential empirical equation constant term, preferred value are -746.8；BIt is negativeCathode potential empirical equation divalent vanadium ion system Number, preferred value are -65.9；CIt is negativeCathode potential empirical equation trivalent vanadium ion coefficient, preferred value 129.5；
Finally choose comprising above-mentioned formula 1., 2., 3. and optionally 4. -8. including no less than four equations or inequality Simultaneous, solving equations obtain each valence state vanadium ion concentration in positive and negative anodes electrolyte；
S4, based on each valence state vanadium ion concentration in identified positive/negative electrolyte to be measured, it is total to calculate positive/negative Vanadium amount, and then obtain system vanadium the amount of migration；
S5, it is based on system vanadium the amount of migration calculated, the opposite direction adjustment electrolyte migrated to vanadium keeps positive and negative anodes vanadium amount extensive Arriving initial optimal proportion again makes power system capacity be restored.
Wherein, vanadium the amount of migration calculation formula is as follows:
In formula, NJust、NIt is negativeThe respectively amount of positive and negative anodes side vanadium ion total material, Respectively For 2,3,4,5 valence vanadium ion concentrations, VJust、VIt is negativeRespectively anode electrolyte volume, electrolyte liquid product, NMigrationIt is moved for vanadium ion Shifting amount；
The adjustable strategies of the opposite direction adjustment electrolyte migrated to vanadium are as follows: if NMigrationIt, then need to be from anode to cathode tune for positive value Whole electrolyte adjusts volume are as follows:
If NMigrationFor negative value, then electrolyte need to be adjusted from cathode to anode, adjust volume are as follows:
Specific calculated examples are referring to embodiment 1,2:
Embodiment 1
Current potential, volume and the calculated vanadium concentration of 1 2kW service system of table monitoring
The total vanadium amount N of positive and negative anodesJust=37.4*1.605=60.027mol, NIt is negativeThe total vanadium of=42.6*1.560=66.456mol to Cathode migration, if wanting, electrolyte volume need to be adjusted to anode by reaching the equal state of the total vanadium amount of the initial positive and negative anodes of system
Electrolyte adjusts back positive front and back system discharge capacity such as Fig. 6 by cathode, it can be seen that is adjusted, power system capacity Restored.
Embodiment 2
Current potential, volume and the calculated vanadium concentration of 1 2kW service system of table monitoring
The total vanadium amount N of positive and negative anodesJust=43.2*1.605=69.336mol, NIt is negativeThe total vanadium of=36.8*1.604=59.027mol to Anode migration, if wanting, electrolyte volume need to be adjusted to cathode by reaching the equal state of the total vanadium amount of the initial positive and negative anodes of system
Electrolyte adjusts back cathode front and back system discharge capacity such as Fig. 7 by anode, it can be seen that is adjusted, power system capacity Restored.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution The range of scheme.

Claims (10)

1.一种用于实时监测全钒液流电池钒迁移的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：1. a method for monitoring vanadium migration in an all-vanadium redox flow battery in real time, is characterized in that, comprises the steps: S1、获取采样数据，即通过SOC检测装置对不同浓度的正负极电解液相对于参比溶液的电位参数进行采样，同时对正极电解液总体积、负极电解液总体积进行采集；所述SOC检测装置包括端板、第一双极板、正/负极电解液检测腔、离子交换膜、分别与所述正/负极电解液检测腔相连通的正极电解液进出口管路与负极电解液进出口管路，多个开设有第一通孔的绝缘板、参比检测腔以及置于所述参比检测腔作为电位测试电极的第二双极板，其中，所述绝缘板被分别设置于所述离子交换膜两侧以间隔参比检测腔与正/负极电解液检测腔；所述参比检测腔内充有参比溶液；S1. Obtain sampling data, that is, sampling the potential parameters of positive and negative electrolytes with different concentrations relative to the reference solution through the SOC detection device, and simultaneously collect the total volume of the positive electrolyte and the total volume of the negative electrolyte; the SOC The detection device includes an end plate, a first bipolar plate, a positive/negative electrolyte detection chamber, an ion exchange membrane, a positive electrolyte inlet and outlet pipelines that are respectively communicated with the positive/negative electrolyte detection chamber and a negative electrolyte inlet and outlet. The outlet pipeline, a plurality of insulating plates with first through holes, a reference detection chamber, and a second bipolar plate placed in the reference detection chamber as a potential test electrode, wherein the insulating plates are respectively arranged on The two sides of the ion exchange membrane are spaced with a reference detection chamber and a positive/negative electrode electrolyte detection chamber; the reference detection chamber is filled with a reference solution; S2、通过采样数据拟合出正/负极电解液电位经验公式；S2. Fit the positive/negative electrolyte potential empirical formula by sampling data; 其中，所述正极电解液电位经验公式为Wherein, the empirical formula for the potential of the positive electrode electrolyte is: 所述负极电解液电位经验公式为The negative electrode electrolyte potential empirical formula is 式中，E正、E负分别为正、负极电解液电位，单位mV； 分别为2价、3价、4价、5价钒离子浓度；A正为正极电位经验公式常数项；B正为正极电位经验公式4价钒离子系数；C正为正极电位经验公式5价钒离子系数；A负为负极电位经验公式常数项；B负为负极电位经验公式2价钒离子系数；C负为负极电位经验公式3价钒离子系数；In the formula, E positive and E negative are the positive and negative electrolyte potentials, respectively, in mV; are the vanadium ion concentrations of 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively; A is the constant term of the positive electrode potential empirical formula; B is the 4-valent vanadium ion coefficient of the positive potential empirical formula; C is the 5-valent vanadium of the positive potential empirical formula Ion coefficient; A negative is the negative electrode potential empirical formula constant term; B negative is the negative electrode potential empirical formula bivalent vanadium ion coefficient; C negative is the negative electrode potential empirical formula trivalent vanadium ion coefficient; S3、建立电解液浓度监测数据库并确定待测正/负极电解液中各个价态钒离子浓度，所述电解液浓度监测数据库包括正/负极电解液电位经验公式、钒总物质量守恒公式以及可选公式/不等式中的至少一个公式或者不等式，所述可选公式/不等式包括系统平均价态公式、正极钒总量守恒公式、负极钒总量守恒公式、正极钒浓度区间不等式以及负极钒浓度区间不等式；S3, establish an electrolyte concentration monitoring database and determine the concentration of each valence vanadium ion in the positive/negative electrode electrolyte to be tested, and the electrolyte concentration monitoring database includes positive/negative electrode electrolyte potential empirical formula, total vanadium mass conservation formula and possible Select at least one formula or inequality among the formulas/inequalities, the optional formulas/inequalities include the system average valence formula, the total amount of positive vanadium conservation formula, the negative electrode total amount of vanadium conservation formula, the positive electrode vanadium concentration interval inequality and the negative electrode vanadium concentration interval inequality; S4、基于所确定的待测正/负极电解液中各个价态钒离子浓度，计算出正/负极总钒量，进而得出系统钒迁移量；S4, based on the determined concentration of each valence vanadium ion in the positive/negative electrode electrolyte to be tested, calculate the positive/negative electrode total vanadium amount, and then obtain the system vanadium migration amount; S5、基于所计算的系统钒迁移量，向钒迁移的反方向调整电解液使正负极钒量恢复到初始最佳比例使得系统容量得到恢复。S5. Based on the calculated amount of vanadium migration in the system, adjust the electrolyte in the opposite direction of vanadium migration so that the amount of vanadium in the positive and negative electrodes is restored to the initial optimum ratio, so that the system capacity is restored. 2.根据权利要求1所述的用于实时监测全钒液流电池钒迁移的方法，其特征在于：2. the method for real-time monitoring vanadium migration of all-vanadium redox flow battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 其中，钒迁移量计算公式如下：Among them, the calculation formula of vanadium migration is as follows: 式中，N正、N负分别为正负极侧钒离子总物质的量， 分别为2、3、4、5价钒离子浓度，V正、V负分别为正极电解液体积、负极电解液体积，N迁移为钒离子迁移量；In the formula, N positive and N negative are the total amount of vanadium ions on the positive and negative sides, respectively, are the concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 valent vanadium ions, respectively, V positive and V negative are the volume of positive electrolyte and negative electrolyte, respectively, and N migration is the amount of vanadium ion migration; 向钒迁移的反方向调整电解液的调整策略为：若N迁移为正值，则需由正极向负极调整电解液，调整体积为：The adjustment strategy for adjusting the electrolyte in the opposite direction of vanadium migration is: if the N migration is positive, the electrolyte needs to be adjusted from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, and the adjusted volume is: 若N迁移为负值，则需由负极向正极调整电解液，调整体积为：If the N migration is negative, the electrolyte needs to be adjusted from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, and the adjusted volume is: 其中，所述钒总物质量守恒公式为Wherein, the formula for the conservation of the total mass of vanadium is: 式中V正、V负分别为正、负极电解液体积，N总为电池系统内各价态钒离子的总物质的量，单位为mol；In the formula, V is positive and V is negative , respectively, the volume of positive and negative electrolytes, and N is the total amount of vanadium ions in each valence state in the battery system, and the unit is mol; 所述系统平均价态公式The system average valence formula 式中，M为系统各价态钒离子的平均价态；In the formula, M is the average valence state of each valence state vanadium ion in the system; 所述正极钒总量守恒公式The formula for the conservation of the total amount of vanadium in the cathode 式中，N正为正极侧钒离子总物质的量，单位mol；In the formula, N is the total amount of vanadium ions on the positive side, in mol; 所述负极钒总量守恒公式；The formula for the conservation of the total amount of vanadium in the negative electrode; 式中，N负为负极侧钒离子总物质的量，单位mol；In the formula, N negative is the total amount of vanadium ions on the negative side, in mol; 所述正极钒浓度区间不等式The anode vanadium concentration interval inequality 式中，c初始总为初始加入系统内的电解液浓度值；In the formula, c is the initial value of the electrolyte concentration initially added to the system; 所述负极钒浓度区间不等式The negative electrode vanadium concentration interval inequality 式中，c初始总为初始加入系统内的电解液浓度值。In the formula, c is the initial value of the electrolyte concentration initially added to the system. 3.根据权利要求1或者2所述的用于实时监测全钒液流电池副反应的方法，其特征在于：3. the method for real-time monitoring of all-vanadium redox flow battery side reaction according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: 在进行数据采样时，在全钒液流储能电池系统正负极电解液组成变化范围内，以不同价态钒离子浓度变化间隔不大于0.2mol/L，正负极电解液总钒浓度取样点不少于3个，氢离子浓度取样点不少于3个为采样条件进行采样。During data sampling, within the range of the composition of the positive and negative electrolytes of the all-vanadium redox flow energy storage battery system, the variation interval of the concentration of vanadium ions in different valence states is not greater than 0.2mol/L, and the total vanadium concentration of the positive and negative electrolytes is sampled. No less than 3 points, and no less than 3 sampling points for hydrogen ion concentration are sampling conditions. 4.根据权利要求1所述的用于实时监测全钒液流电池副反应的方法，其特征在于：4. the method for real-time monitoring of all-vanadium redox flow battery side reaction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 所述SOC检测装置的检测腔由参比检测腔以及正极电解液检测腔、负极电解液检测腔中的至少一种电解液检测腔组成。The detection chamber of the SOC detection device is composed of a reference detection chamber and at least one electrolyte detection chamber among the positive electrode electrolyte detection chamber and the negative electrode electrolyte detection chamber. 5.根据权利要求1所述的用于实时监测全钒液流电池副反应的方法，其特征在于：5. the method for real-time monitoring of all-vanadium redox flow battery side reaction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 所述参比检测腔开有供参比溶液流通更新的第二通孔。The reference detection chamber is provided with a second through hole for circulating and updating the reference solution. 6.根据权利要求1所述的用于实时监测全钒液流电池副反应的方法，其特征在于：6. the method for real-time monitoring all-vanadium redox flow battery side reaction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 所述参比溶液为具有钒离子的电解液。The reference solution is an electrolyte with vanadium ions. 7.根据权利要求1所述的用于实时监测全钒液流电池副反应的方法，其特征在于：7. the method for real-time monitoring of all-vanadium redox flow battery side reaction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 所述第二双极板置于参比检测腔内部分开有空腔，所述空腔的开孔面积与参比检测腔腔体内电极总面积的比例范围为0～1。The second bipolar plate is placed inside the reference detection cavity and is divided into a cavity, and the ratio of the opening area of the cavity to the total area of electrodes in the reference detection cavity is in the range of 0 to 1. 8.根据权利要求1所述的用于实时监测全钒液流电池副反应的方法，其特征在于：8. the method for real-time monitoring all-vanadium redox flow battery side reaction according to claim 1, is characterized in that: 所述第一通孔为直通孔或者沿所述绝缘板厚度方向延伸弯折的弯折孔。The first through hole is a straight through hole or a bent hole extending and bent along the thickness direction of the insulating plate. 9.一种能够实时监测全钒液流电池钒迁移的系统，其特征在于，包括：9. A system capable of monitoring vanadium migration in an all-vanadium redox flow battery in real time is characterized in that, comprising: 数据采样单元，用于通过SOC检测装置对不同浓度的正负极电解液相对于参比溶液的电位参数进行采样，同时对正极电解液总体积、负极电解液总体积进行采集；所述SOC检测装置包括端板、第一双极板、正/负极电解液检测腔、离子交换膜、分别与所述正/负极电解液检测腔相连通的正极电解液进出口管路与负极电解液进出口管路，多个开设有第一通孔的绝缘板、参比检测腔以及置于所述参比检测腔作为电位测试电极的第二双极板，其中，所述绝缘板被分别设置于所述离子交换膜两侧以间隔参比检测腔与正/负极电解液检测腔；所述参比检测腔内充有参比溶液；The data sampling unit is used to sample the potential parameters of the positive and negative electrolytes with different concentrations relative to the reference solution through the SOC detection device, and simultaneously collect the total volume of the positive electrolyte and the total volume of the negative electrolyte; the SOC detection The device includes an end plate, a first bipolar plate, a positive/negative electrode electrolyte detection chamber, an ion exchange membrane, a positive electrode electrolyte inlet and outlet pipelines and a negative electrode electrolyte inlet and outlet that are respectively communicated with the positive/negative electrode electrolyte detection chambers. pipeline, a plurality of insulating plates with first through holes, a reference detection chamber, and a second bipolar plate placed in the reference detection chamber as a potential test electrode, wherein the insulating plates are respectively arranged in the The two sides of the ion exchange membrane are spaced with a reference detection chamber and a positive/negative electrode electrolyte detection chamber; the reference detection chamber is filled with a reference solution; 采样数据拟合单元，用于通过数据采样单元所获取的采样数据拟合出正/负极电解液电位经验公式；The sampling data fitting unit is used for fitting the positive/negative electrolyte potential empirical formula through the sampling data obtained by the data sampling unit; 其中，所述正极电解液电位经验公式为Wherein, the empirical formula for the potential of the positive electrode electrolyte is: 所述负极电解液电位经验公式为The negative electrode electrolyte potential empirical formula is 式中，E正、E负分别为正负极电解液电位，单位mV； 分别为2价、3价、4价、5价钒离子浓度；A正为正极电位经验公式常数项；B正为正极电位经验公式4价钒离子系数；C正为正极电位经验公式5价钒离子系数；A负为负极电位经验公式常数项；B负为负极电位经验公式2价钒离子系数；C负为负极电位经验公式3价钒离子系数；In the formula, E positive and E negative are the positive and negative electrolyte potentials, respectively, in mV; are the vanadium ion concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively; A is the constant term of the positive electrode potential empirical formula; B is the tetravalent vanadium ion coefficient of the positive electrode potential empirical formula; C is the 5-valent vanadium of the positive electrode potential empirical formula Ion coefficient; A negative is the negative electrode potential empirical formula constant term; B negative is the negative electrode potential empirical formula bivalent vanadium ion coefficient; C negative is the negative electrode potential empirical formula trivalent vanadium ion coefficient; 浓度监测单元，用于基于所建立的电解液浓度监测数据库确定待测正/负极电解液中各个价态钒离子浓度，所述电解液浓度监测数据库包括正/负极电解液电位经验公式、钒总物质量守恒公式以及可选公式/不等式中的至少一个公式或者不等式确定待测正/负极电解液中各个价态钒离子浓度，所述可选公式/不等式包括系统平均价态公式、正极钒总量守恒公式、负极钒总量守恒公式、正极钒浓度区间不等式以及负极钒浓度区间不等式；The concentration monitoring unit is used to determine the concentration of each valence state vanadium ion in the positive/negative electrode electrolyte to be tested based on the established electrolyte concentration monitoring database, the electrolyte concentration monitoring database including positive/negative electrode electrolyte potential empirical formula, total vanadium The mass conservation formula and at least one formula or inequality in the optional formula/inequalities to determine the concentration of each valence state vanadium ion in the positive/negative electrode electrolyte to be tested, the optional formulas/inequalities include the system average valence state formula, the total positive vanadium Conservation formula, total amount of anode vanadium conservation formula, anode vanadium concentration interval inequality and anode vanadium concentration interval inequality; 系统钒迁移量计算单元，用于基于所确定的待测正/负极电解液中各个价态钒离子浓度，计算出正/负极总钒量，进而得出系统钒迁移量；The system vanadium migration amount calculation unit is used to calculate the positive/negative electrode total vanadium amount based on the determined concentration of each valence vanadium ion in the positive/negative electrode electrolyte to be tested, and then obtain the system vanadium migration amount; 容量恢复单元，用于基于所计算的系统钒迁移量，向钒迁移的反方向调整电解液使正负极钒量恢复到初始最佳比例使得系统容量得到恢复。The capacity recovery unit is used to adjust the electrolyte in the opposite direction of vanadium migration based on the calculated system vanadium migration amount to restore the positive and negative vanadium amounts to the initial optimum ratio so that the system capacity is restored. 10.根据权利要求9所述的用于实时监测全钒液流电池钒迁移的系统，其特征在于：10. The system for real-time monitoring of vanadium migration in an all-vanadium redox flow battery according to claim 9, is characterized in that: 其中，钒迁移量计算公式如下：Among them, the calculation formula of vanadium migration is as follows: 式中，N正、N负分别为正负极侧钒离子总物质的量， 分别为2、3、4、5价钒离子浓度，V正、V负分别为正极电解液体积、负极电解液体积，N迁移为钒离子迁移量；In the formula, N positive and N negative are the total amount of vanadium ions on the positive and negative sides, respectively, are the concentrations of 2, 3, 4, and 5 valent vanadium ions, respectively, V positive and V negative are the volume of positive electrolyte and negative electrolyte, respectively, and N migration is the amount of vanadium ion migration; 向钒迁移的反方向调整电解液的调整策略为：若N迁移为正值，则需由正极向负极调整电解液，调整体积为：The adjustment strategy for adjusting the electrolyte in the opposite direction of vanadium migration is: if the N migration is positive, the electrolyte needs to be adjusted from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, and the adjusted volume is: 若N迁移为负值，则需由负极向正极调整电解液，调整体积为：If the N migration is negative, the electrolyte needs to be adjusted from the negative electrode to the positive electrode, and the adjusted volume is: 其中，所述钒总物质量守恒公式为Wherein, the formula for the conservation of the total mass of vanadium is: 式中V正、V负分别为正、负极电解液体积，N总为电池系统内各价态钒离子的总物质的量，单位为mol；In the formula, V is positive and V is negative , respectively, the volume of positive and negative electrolytes, and N is the total amount of vanadium ions in each valence state in the battery system, and the unit is mol; 所述系统平均价态公式The system average valence formula 式中，M为系统各价态钒离子的平均价态；In the formula, M is the average valence state of each valence state vanadium ion in the system; 所述正极钒总量守恒公式The formula for the conservation of the total amount of vanadium in the cathode 式中，N正为正极侧钒离子总物质的量，单位mol；In the formula, N is the total amount of vanadium ions on the positive side, in mol; 所述负极钒总量守恒公式；The formula for the conservation of the total amount of vanadium in the negative electrode; 式中，N负为负极侧钒离子总物质的量，单位mol；In the formula, N negative is the total amount of vanadium ions on the negative side, in mol; 所述正极钒浓度区间不等式The anode vanadium concentration interval inequality 式中，c初始总为初始加入系统内的电解液浓度值；In the formula, c is the initial value of the electrolyte concentration initially added to the system; 所述负极钒浓度区间不等式The negative electrode vanadium concentration interval inequality 式中，c初始总为初始加入系统内的电解液浓度值。In the formula, c is the initial value of the electrolyte concentration initially added to the system.
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