CN109596529B - Optical coherence tomography system and method based on optical fiber array parallel detection - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于光纤阵列并行探测的光学相干层析系统及方法，其中系统包括：光源，用于发出照明光；参考臂，用于生成探测相干信号所需的参考光；采样臂，用于传导照明光至样品并接收信号光，由光纤阵列和光学成像系统组成；其中，光纤阵列包括主光纤和外围光纤束，中心主光纤传输照明光和接收低频信号光，外围光纤束接收高频信号光；探测臂，用于接收由光纤阵列的信号光和参考臂的参考光形成的多通道相干信号；计算机，对所述多通道相干信号进行处理，重构出横向超高分辨的光学相干层析图像。本发明的系统能够对同一扫描位置同时进行多次测量，可以获得超高的横向分辨能力，提高系统的信噪比。
The invention discloses an optical coherence tomography system and method based on parallel detection of optical fiber arrays, wherein the system comprises: a light source for emitting illumination light; a reference arm for generating reference light required for detecting coherent signals; a sampling arm for It is used to conduct illumination light to the sample and receive signal light, and is composed of an optical fiber array and an optical imaging system; wherein, the optical fiber array includes a main optical fiber and a peripheral optical fiber bundle, the central main optical fiber transmits the illumination light and receives low-frequency signal light, and the peripheral optical fiber bundle receives high-frequency signal light. Signal light; the detection arm is used to receive the multi-channel coherent signal formed by the signal light of the optical fiber array and the reference light of the reference arm; the computer is used to process the multi-channel coherent signal and reconstruct the optical coherence of lateral super-resolution Tomographic images. The system of the invention can simultaneously perform multiple measurements on the same scanning position, can obtain ultra-high lateral resolution capability, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical coherence tomography, in particular to an optical coherence tomography system and method based on optical fiber array parallel detection.
Background
The optical coherence tomography has the characteristics of non-contact, high speed, high signal-to-noise ratio and the like, and is particularly suitable for structural imaging of biological tissues, internal defect detection of glass panels and the like. In the optical coherence tomography, the optical imaging part of the sampling arm determines the transverse spatial resolution of the whole system, and is influenced by the mutual constraint relation between the transverse resolution and the depth of field. In order to ensure uniform lateral resolution throughout the entire imaging depth range, the numerical aperture of the optical imaging section is typically small. This results in a low lateral resolution of the optical coherence tomography system, limiting its extension to a larger range of applications.
In order to increase the lateral spatial resolution of the optical coherence tomography system, one must start with the optical imaging part of the sampling arm. The most direct method is to increase the numerical aperture of the optical imaging part, and the system can obtain high transverse spatial resolution, but the imaging depth range of the system is greatly reduced. This is known as optical coherence microscopy. The axial imaging speed of the technology is slow due to the small imaging depth range. When considering the correlation between the focused light field distribution and the amplitude, phase and polarization state of the light beam, the optical imaging system can control the light field through an appropriate mask design to obtain a point spread function with a narrower central peak width. Based on the characteristics, Dingxihua et al propose an optical super-resolution method of optical path coding and coherent synthesis, so that an optical coherent chromatography system obtains high transverse spatial resolution. However, this method requires the fabrication of a very accurate optical path encoding beam splitting encoder. In addition, the optical path encoding beam splitter of the amplitude type causes low light energy utilization efficiency, the optical path encoding beam splitter of the phase type easily causes strong side lobes, and the optical path encoding beam splitter of the polarization type only plays a role in a high numerical aperture focusing system.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an optical coherence tomography system and method based on parallel detection of an optical fiber array.
An optical coherence tomography system based on parallel detection of an optical fiber array, comprising:
a light source for emitting illumination light;
a reference arm for generating reference light required for detecting a coherent signal;
the sampling arm is used for transmitting illumination light to a sample and receiving signal light, and consists of an optical fiber array and an optical imaging system; the optical fiber array comprises a main optical fiber and a peripheral optical fiber bundle, wherein the central main optical fiber transmits illumination light and receives low-frequency signal light, and the peripheral optical fiber bundle receives high-frequency signal light;
the detection arm is used for receiving a multi-channel coherent signal formed by the signal light of the optical fiber array and the reference light of the reference arm;
and the computer is used for processing the multi-channel coherent signals and reconstructing a transverse ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography image.
Preferably, the single-mode polarization-maintaining fiber is connected with the light source, the reference arm, the sampling arm and the detection arm; light emitted by the light source is divided into two paths by the first optical fiber coupler; one path of light enters the reference arm and is reversely transmitted after passing through a collimating lens and a reflector in the reference arm; and the other path enters a sampling arm to illuminate the sample.
The reference light transmitted reversely is guided to the second optical fiber coupler of the detection arm by the first optical fiber coupler, and is decomposed to the reference light port of the optical fiber coupler array by the second optical fiber coupler, and the reference light and the signal light of each channel in the optical fiber array are connected to the detection arm through the optical fiber coupler array.
A first optical fiber isolator for preventing reverse transmission is connected in the single-mode polarization maintaining optical fiber between the light source and the first optical fiber coupler; and a second optical fiber isolator for preventing reverse transmission is connected in the single-mode polarization-maintaining optical fiber between the first optical fiber coupler and the sampling arm.
Preferably, a fiber polarization controller is arranged in each branch of the fiber array to adjust the contrast of the coherent signal of each channel.
Preferably, the optical fiber array is composed of a main optical fiber located at the central position and a peripheral annularly arranged optical fiber bundle, and one end of the optical fiber array located at the sampling arm is circularly arranged.
Preferably, a corresponding detector is arranged in the detection arm corresponding to each channel, and the time domain information or the frequency domain information of the coherent signals of each channel is detected respectively.
An optical coherence tomography method based on parallel detection of an optical fiber array comprises the following steps:
1) light emitted by the light source is divided into two paths through the optical fiber coupler, wherein one path enters the reference arm, and the other path enters the main optical fiber of the sampling arm; the illumination light entering the main optical fiber is projected to a sample by the sampling arm, and the backscattered signal light of the sample is received by the optical fiber array through the sampling arm and guided into the detection arm; the light entering the reference arm is reflected and then guided into the detection arm; the reference light and the signal light of each channel are received by the corresponding detector after being coherent and are led into a computer for signal processing;
2) determining effective point spread functions of each optical fiber port and a main optical fiber port relative to the sampling arm according to the spatial position of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array on the sampling arm, translating the effective point spread functions corresponding to the peripheral optical fibers to the effective point spread functions corresponding to the main optical fibers, and generating a system effective point spread function by overlapping all the effective point spread functions;
3) the sampling arm (3) is controlled to scan the sample, and each channel corresponds to a detector to obtain two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure information of the sample;
4) fourier transform is carried out on the obtained time domain information or frequency domain information of the coherent signals of each channel along the depth direction, and the signals of each channel are converted into a space domain;
5) superposing the spatial domain information of the channels corresponding to all the peripheral optical fibers and the spatial domain information of the channel corresponding to the main optical fiber, then taking an average value according to all the channel numbers, then carrying out transverse deconvolution operation by using the system effective point spread function obtained in the step 2), and finally reconstructing a transverse ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography image.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
on the system, a sampling arm introduces an optical fiber array, a central main optical fiber transmits an illumination light beam, and the whole optical fiber array receives a back scattering signal of a scanned area of a sample; the other end of the optical fiber array couples the sample signal light received by each optical fiber with the corresponding reference light through the optical fiber coupler array; the reference light is uniformly distributed to one end of the corresponding optical fiber coupler array through the 1 XN coupler; the coherent signal light of each channel is received by a corresponding single-point detector or spectral detector.
In the method, the three-dimensional real-value interference spectrogram acquired by the system can be expressed as Sn(r, k), where r represents the lateral space coordinate, k represents the wavenumber space coordinate, and the subscript n represents the channel number. Sn(r, k) Fourier transform is carried out along the k direction to obtain space domain information A corresponding to each measuring channeln(r, z), where z represents a depth space coordinate. Superposing all channel space domain information to calculate an average value to obtain a measurement image to be processed
Where N represents the total number of channels. According to the arrangement condition of the optical fiber array on the sampling arm, the effective point spread function of the sampling arm imaging system corresponding to the central main optical fiber can be expressed as hc(x, y), the effective point spread function of the sampling arm imaging system corresponding to the ith peripheral optical fiber can be expressed as hi(x, y). The effective point spread functions of the system can be obtained by translating the effective point spread functions corresponding to each peripheral optical fiber to the position corresponding to the central optical fiber and superposing the effective point spread functions
Wherein xiAnd yiIndicating the position offset of the peripheral ith fiber relative to the central fiber. Finally using M (r, z) and heffThe deconvolution operation of (x, y) reconstructs an optical coherence tomography image with ultrahigh transverse resolution, namely I (r, z) ═ dev (M, h)eff) Where dev represents a deconvolution operation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) through the parallel detection mode of the optical fiber array, more high-frequency scattering signals in the same scanning area can be obtained; by deconvoluting the intermediate image by using the synthesized system effective point spread function, the high-frequency signal obtained in the measurement can be recovered, and the high-transverse-resolution optical coherence tomography image can be obtained.
2) More signal lights can be obtained by simultaneously measuring the same scanning position for N times; and the data processing utilizes summation to obtain an average value, so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the system can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an optical coherence tomography system based on parallel detection by fiber arrays in the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. a light source; 2. a reference arm; 3. a sampling arm; 4. a probe arm; 5. a computer; 6. a first fiber isolator; 7. a first fiber coupler; 8. a second fiber coupler; 9. a second fiber isolator; 10. an optical fiber array; 11. an optical imaging system; 12. an array of fiber optic couplers; 13. a fiber optic polarization controller group; 14. and (3) sampling.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
An optical coherence tomography system based on parallel detection of an optical fiber array is shown in figure 1 in basic structure and comprises a light source 1, a reference arm 2, a sampling arm 3, a detection arm 4 and a computer 5; wherein the detection arm 4 consists of an optical fiber array 10, an optical imaging system 11 and a light beam scanning device; the optical fiber array 10 is circularly arranged at one end of the detection arm, the main optical fiber is positioned at the central position, the other end of the optical fiber array is firstly connected with a corresponding optical fiber polarization controller group 13, then the optical fiber array and the optical fiber bundle for transmitting reference light are connected into the optical fiber coupler array 12, and the optical fibers output from the optical fiber coupler array 12 are linearly arranged; the reference arm 2 comprises a collimating lens and a reflecting mirror, and provides reference light for generating a coherent signal; the detection arm 4 consists of a detector array and a data acquisition unit, and the detection array can consist of a single detector or a spectrum detector; the computer receives the system detection signal and carries out related processing, sends out a light beam scanning control signal according to the data acquisition rate, and displays the reconstructed high-transverse-resolution optical coherence tomography image; the first optical fiber isolator 6 and the second optical fiber isolator 7 respectively isolate optical signals transmitted in the reverse direction of the optical fiber from entering a light source and a reference signal; the first optical fiber coupler is of a 2 x 2 type structure, and the second optical fiber coupler is of a 1 x N type structure.
After passing through the first optical fiber isolator 6, part of coherent light emitted by the light source enters the first optical fiber coupler 7, and the light emitted by the light source is divided into two paths by the first optical fiber coupler 7; one path of light enters the reference arm 2, is reversely transmitted after passing through the collimating lens and the reflecting mirror, then enters the other end of the first optical fiber coupler 7, is guided to the second optical fiber coupler 8 of the detection arm, and is decomposed to a reference light port of the optical fiber coupler array 12; the other path of light firstly enters the sampling arm through the second optical fiber isolator 9, is transmitted through the central main optical fiber of the optical fiber array 10 and the optical imaging system 11, and forms an illumination area in the sample 14, when the light beam scanning device in the sampling arm 3 receives control information sent by a computer, the illumination light beam scans in the sample, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional information of the sample can be obtained; the back scattering signal light of the sample enters the fiber array through the optical imaging system 11, and each fiber becomes a channel of the signal light; each path of signal light enters a signal light port of the optical fiber coupler array 12 after being controlled and adjusted by the optical fiber polarization connected with the optical fiber; each path of signal light and reference light are guided into the detection arm 4 from the output end of the optical fiber coupler group; each path of coherent signal output by the optical fiber coupler array in the detection arm is provided with a detector, and when the time domain optical coherent chromatographic signal is measured, the detector is a single-point detector; when the frequency domain optical coherence tomography signal is measured, the detector is a spectrum detector or a balance detector; after all coherent signals received by the detection arm are converted, the coherent signals are input into a computer for processing and analysis, and a transverse ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography image is reconstructed.
The present embodiment is illustrated by way of example, but not limited to, a spectral domain optical coherence tomography signal. An optical coherence tomography method based on parallel detection of an optical fiber array specifically comprises the following steps:
1) according to the spatial position of each optical fiber in the optical fiber array on the sampling arm, the effective point spread function of the sampling arm imaging system corresponding to the central main optical fiber is determined and can be expressed as hc(x, y), the effective point spread function of the sampling arm imaging system corresponding to the ith peripheral optical fiber can be written into hi(x, y), translating the effective point spread function corresponding to the peripheral optical fiber to the effective point spread function corresponding to the main optical fiber, and generating a system effective point spread function h through superpositioneff(x, y), the system effective point spread function:
2) By controlling the scanning device of the sampling arm 3, the detector corresponding to each channel obtains the two-dimensional or three-dimensional structure information of the combined sample, and the system obtains the three-dimensional real-value interference spectrogram of each channel and can be expressed as Sn(r, k), where r represents a transverse spatial coordinate and k represents a waveNumber space coordinates, subscript n representing the channel number;
3) fourier transform is carried out on the obtained coherent spectrum domain information of each channel along the depth direction, signals of each channel are converted into a space domain, and then space domain information A corresponding to each measuring channeln(r, z), wherein z represents a depth space coordinate;
4) superposing the spatial domain information of the channels corresponding to all the peripheral optical fibers and the spatial domain information of the channel corresponding to the main optical fiber, and then taking an average value according to the total channel number to obtain a measurement image to be processed
Wherein N represents the total number of channels;
5) reuse of the system effective point spread function h obtained in 1)eff(x, y) a transverse deconvolution operation is performed on the measurement image M (r, z), i.e., I (r, z) ═ dev (M, h)eff) And dev represents deconvolution operation, and finally, a transverse ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography image is reconstructed.
The above description is only exemplary of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN109620134B (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2020-05-22 | 浙江大学 | Microangiography method and system based on fiber array multi-channel parallel detection |
| CN111089545A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-01 | 深圳市太赫兹科技创新研究院有限公司 | Multi-probe scanning imaging system |
| CN113450342B (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-06-14 | 福州大学 | Biological tissue contour imaging method based on optical coherence tomography |
| CN113940631A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-18 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Optical coherence tomography system |
| CN114322749B (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2024-09-20 | 西安工业大学 | Super-resolution digital holographic measurement device and method based on array light source |
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