CN109581064A - Measure method, apparatus, the medium of battery low temperature direct resistance - Google Patents
Measure method, apparatus, the medium of battery low temperature direct resistance Download PDFInfo
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- CN109581064A CN109581064A CN201811629412.6A CN201811629412A CN109581064A CN 109581064 A CN109581064 A CN 109581064A CN 201811629412 A CN201811629412 A CN 201811629412A CN 109581064 A CN109581064 A CN 109581064A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R27/00—Arrangements for measuring resistance, reactance, impedance, or electric characteristics derived therefrom
- G01R27/02—Measuring real or complex resistance, reactance, impedance, or other two-pole characteristics derived therefrom, e.g. time constant
- G01R27/08—Measuring resistance by measuring both voltage and current
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method, apparatus for measuring battery low temperature direct resistance, medium, which comprises determines the state-of-charge of battery；According to the electrochemistry being obtained ahead of time-thermal coupling model, under the state-of-charge, the voltage end value of Initial Voltage Value, pulse burst before obtaining the pulse of the battery and the current value of pulse；According to Initial Voltage Value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse before the pulse, the low temperature direct resistance of the battery is determined；Wherein, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model is that acquisition is coupled with thermal model to pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model by temperature feedback method.The method, apparatus of measurement battery low temperature direct resistance of the present invention, medium can be realized for the D.C. resistance simulation under cryogenic conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to performance of lithium ion battery parameter simulation technical field, in particular to a kind of measurement battery low temperature direct
The method, apparatus of resistance, medium.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery is widely used to be related to the every field of energy storage, especially in New-energy electric vehicle field,
The energy density of lithium ion battery is to determine one of the key factor of electric car course continuation mileage length.Finite element technique is in lithium electricity
Application in heat emulation, and the secondary development that battery model is parameterized in a manner of program development, in lithium electric power
There is important reference value in the electrical property emulation of system.By technology of numerical simulation in the application of field of batteries, establish corresponding
Li-ion battery model research battery Electrothermal Properties, can effectively shorten the design cycle, save time and cost.Currently,
Battery core DCIR carries out actual test based on surveying, to battery core, needs to measure under different temperatures, electric current, SOC, burst length
DCIR needs long period and high investment, seriously affects the project plan.Also, low temperature DCIR emulation mostly uses equivalent model, seldom
Establish physical model, only minority physical model cases the disadvantages of there is also apparent low temperature low precisions.
The low temperature DCIR for how more accurately simulating lithium ion battery by physical model as a result, becomes urgently to be resolved
Problem.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention is directed to propose a kind of measure the method, apparatus of battery low temperature direct resistance, medium, with reality
Now for the D.C. resistance simulation under cryogenic conditions.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows:
A method of measurement battery low temperature direct resistance, comprising:
Determine the state-of-charge of battery；
According to the electrochemistry being obtained ahead of time-thermal coupling model, under the state-of-charge, before the pulse for obtaining the battery
Initial Voltage Value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse；
According to Initial Voltage Value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse before the pulse, institute is determined
State the low temperature direct resistance of battery；
Wherein, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model is by temperature feedback method to pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model
Acquisition is coupled with thermal model.
Further, the pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model obtains in the following manner:
Determine analog temperature；
The battery is divided into multiple domains along the direction for being directed toward cathode by anode, the multiple domain includes at least anode collection
Fluid domain or negative current collector domain；
Obtain the interface between the multiple domains of the battery and adjacent domains, under the analog temperature, the survey of physical parameter
Magnitude, the physical parameter include the geometric dimension in multiple domains, material properties, battery performance；
Determine accounting equation of the ion of the battery in conductive process, the conductive process include mass transport process and/
Or diabatic process；
Boundary condition is set；
Accounting equation in the ion conduction processes of the battery is loaded onto preset model, is made using the boundary condition
The preset model convergence, is determined as the electrochemistry geometrical model for the model after convergence.
Further, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model obtains in the following manner:
Pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model is loaded onto pre-set thermal model, generates initial coupling model；
The selection target physical parameter in the physical parameter that the electrochemistry geometrical model includes；
Under the analog temperature of the electrochemistry geometrical model setting, the physical property is generated according to the physical parameter measured value
The measurement open circuit voltage curve of parameter obtains the analogue value of the target properties parameter, and root by the initial coupling model
The simulation open-circuit voltage of the target properties parameter under the analog temperature is obtained according to the analogue value of the target properties parameter
Curve；
According to the difference between the measurement open circuit voltage curve and the simulation open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter
It is different, the model parameter of the initial coupling model is modified, until the simulation open circuit of the target properties parameter obtained
Error between voltage curve and the measurement open circuit voltage curve of target properties parameter is no more than preset value, obtains the electrification
- thermal coupling model.
Further, the selection target physical parameter in the physical parameter that the electrochemistry geometrical model includes, packet
It includes:
Alternative physical parameter is determined in the physical parameter in each domain in the battery；
It determines the susceptibility of each alternative physical parameter, and is arranged according to the numerical value of the susceptibility is descending
Sequence；
Primary alternative physical parameter is at least chosen in the sequence as the target properties parameter.
Further, after obtaining the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model, in electrochemistry-thermal coupling that the basis is obtained ahead of time
Molding type, under the state-of-charge, the voltage end value of Initial Voltage Value, pulse burst before obtaining the pulse of the battery with
And before the current value of pulse, further includes:
Determine the analog temperature for verification temperature；
Determine the verification burst length of the battery；
Electrochemistry-thermal coupling the model for running the acquisition, in the school of the verification temperature and the verification burst length
Under the conditions of testing, the verification open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter is obtained；
Compare it is described verification open circuit voltage curve and the verification under the conditions of the target properties parameter measurement open circuit
Voltage curve, determines whether the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model passes through verification；
When the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model passes through verification, in electrochemistry-thermal coupling that the execution basis is obtained ahead of time
Molding type, under the state-of-charge, the voltage end value of Initial Voltage Value, pulse burst before obtaining the pulse of the battery with
And pulse current value the step of.
Further, the analog temperature is 0 DEG C~-20 DEG C；The target properties parameter includes total electricity of the battery core
Conductance.
Compared with the existing technology, the method for measurement battery low temperature direct resistance of the present invention has the advantage that
(1) method of measurement battery low temperature direct resistance of the present invention, examines the low temperature direct electric current of battery
It examines, temperature is included in investigation range, can adequately be characterized from performance of the multiple directions to battery.
(2) method of measurement battery low temperature direct resistance of the present invention, when establishing geometrical model by collector domain
It is included in investigation range, collector domain corresponds to the electrode of battery, and there is also temperature for the position when mass transfer, diabatic process occur for battery
Degree variation.As it can be seen that the geometrical model of the embodiment of the present invention is capable of the virtual condition of more comprehensive reaction cell.
The embodiment of the present invention is further described a kind of device for measuring battery low temperature direct resistance, comprising:
State-of-charge determining module, for determining the state-of-charge of battery；
Physical parameter obtains module, for electrochemistry-thermal coupling model that basis is obtained ahead of time, in the state-of-charge
Under, the voltage end value of Initial Voltage Value, pulse burst before obtaining the pulse of the battery and the current value of pulse；
Low temperature direct resistance obtains module, for being terminated according to the voltage of Initial Voltage Value, pulse burst before the pulse
Value and the current value of pulse, determine the low temperature direct resistance of the battery；
Electrochemistry-thermal coupling model generation module, for passing through temperature feedback method to pre-set electrochemistry geometry mould
Type is coupled with thermal model, and then obtains electrochemistry-thermal coupling model.
Further, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model generation module includes that electrochemistry geometrical model generates submodule, institute
Stating electrochemistry geometrical model generation submodule includes:
Analog temperature acquiring unit, for determining analog temperature；
Domain acquiring unit, it is the multiple for the battery to be divided into multiple domains along the direction for being directed toward cathode by anode
Domain includes at least plus plate current-collecting body domain or negative current collector domain；
Physical parameter measured value acquiring unit, for obtaining the interface between the multiple domains of the battery and adjacent domains, in institute
It states under analog temperature, the measured value of physical parameter, the physical parameter includes the geometric dimension in multiple domains, material category
Property, battery performance；
Accounting equation acquiring unit, for determining accounting equation of the ion of the battery in conductive process, the biography
The process of leading includes mass transport process and/or diabatic process；
Boundary condition takes unit, for boundary condition to be arranged；
Electrochemistry geometrical model determination unit, for the accounting equation in the ion conduction processes of the battery to be loaded onto
Preset model restrains the preset model using the boundary condition, it is several that the model after convergence is determined as the electrochemistry
What model.
Further, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model generation module includes that coupling model generates submodule, the coupling
Model generates submodule
Initial coupling model is at unit, for pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model to be loaded onto pre-set hot-die
Type generates initial coupling model；
Target properties parameter acquiring unit, for the selection target in the physical parameter that the electrochemistry geometrical model includes
Physical parameter；
Simulate open circuit voltage curve acquiring unit, under the analog temperature that the electrochemistry geometrical model is set, root
The measurement open circuit voltage curve that the physical parameter is generated according to the physical parameter measured value is obtained by the initial coupling model
The analogue value of the target properties parameter is obtained, and is obtained under the analog temperature according to the analogue value of the target properties parameter
The simulation open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter；
Electrochemistry-thermal coupling model determination unit, for according to the measurement open circuit voltage curve and the target properties
Difference between the simulation open circuit voltage curve of parameter, is modified the model parameter of the initial coupling model, until obtaining
Between simulation open circuit voltage curve and the measurement open circuit voltage curve of target properties parameter of the target properties parameter obtained
Error is no more than preset value, obtains the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model.
The embodiment of the present invention is further described a kind of computer-readable storage media including software, is stored thereon with program
Code causes described device to execute method above-mentioned when said program code is executed by device.
Detailed description of the invention
The attached drawing for constituting a part of the invention is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, schematic reality of the invention
It applies example and its explanation is used to explain the present invention, do not constitute improper limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the partial structure diagram of electrochemistry geometrical model described in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is electrochemistry-thermal coupling model described in the embodiment of the present invention according to open circuit voltage curve (that is, OCV curve)
Before being modified and revised physical parameter contrast schematic diagram, the physical parameter are the conductivity of electrolyte；
Before Fig. 3 is modified for electrochemistry-thermal coupling model described in the embodiment of the present invention according to open circuit voltage curve ,-
20 DEG C, the comparison between the simulation open circuit voltage curve obtained under conditions of burst length 10s and measurement open circuit voltage curve is shown
It is intended to；
After Fig. 4 is modified for electrochemistry-thermal coupling model described in the embodiment of the present invention according to open circuit voltage curve ,-
20 DEG C, the comparison between the simulation open circuit voltage curve obtained under conditions of burst length 10s and measurement open circuit voltage curve is shown
It is intended to；
After Fig. 5 is modified for electrochemistry-thermal coupling model described in the embodiment of the present invention according to open circuit voltage curve ,-
20 DEG C, the simulation open circuit voltage curve obtained under conditions of burst length 2s and the comparison measured between open circuit voltage curve are illustrated
Figure；
After Fig. 6 is modified for electrochemistry-thermal coupling model described in the embodiment of the present invention according to open circuit voltage curve ,-
20 DEG C, the comparison between the simulation open circuit voltage curve obtained under conditions of burst length 30s and measurement open circuit voltage curve is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 7 is the error analysis for the battery low temperature direct resistance that the corresponding simulated operation of Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 obtains；
Fig. 8 is a kind of method part steps schematic diagram of measurement battery low temperature direct resistance described in the embodiment of the present invention.
Description of symbols:
1- plus plate current-collecting body domain, 2- anode porous electrode domain, 3- diaphragm domain, 4- cathode porous electrode domain, 5- negative pole currect collecting
Body domain；
10- plus plate current-collecting body domain end, the interface between 12- plus plate current-collecting body domain and positive porous electrode domain, 23- anode
Interface between porous electrode domain and diaphragm domain, the interface between 34- diaphragm domain and cathode porous electrode domain, 45- cathode are porous
Interface between electrode domain and negative current collector domain, 50- negative current collector domain end.
Specific embodiment
It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment in the present invention can phase
Mutually combination.
The embodiment of the present invention introduces a kind of method for measuring battery low temperature direct resistance, comprising:
S1: the state-of-charge of battery is determined；
In an embodiment of the invention, SOC=90% can be set by state-of-charge (SOC).
S2: according to the electrochemistry being obtained ahead of time-thermal coupling model, under the state-of-charge, the arteries and veins of the battery is obtained
Initial Voltage Value (V before punchinginit), the voltage end value (V of pulse burstend) and pulse current value (Ipluse)；
In the embodiment of the present invention, VinitAnd VendUnit be volt (V).IpluseUnit be peace (A).
S3: it according to Initial Voltage Value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse before the pulse, determines
The low temperature direct resistance of the battery；
Low temperature direct resistance (DCIR, Direct the Current Internal of battery is determined in this step
Resistance it) can be carried out by following formula:
In formula, the unit of DCIR is m Ω.
In above-mentioned steps, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model is by temperature feedback method to pre-set electrochemistry
Geometrical model couples acquisition with thermal model.The method, apparatus of measurement battery low temperature direct resistance of the present invention, medium are right
The low temperature direct electric current of battery is investigated, and temperature is included in investigation range, can be carried out from performance of the multiple directions to battery
Adequately characterization.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model, in the following manner
It obtains:
A1: analog temperature is determined；
DCIR is affected by temperature obviously.The device that can be generated heat to a certain degree when for work such as lithium ion batteries,
It interacts between the heat that battery generates and environment temperature, increases the complexity of the investigation for DCIR.Also, same lithium
Ion battery heat condition under different operating temperatures is different, it is therefore necessary to for the use temperature of lithium ion battery
DCIR is studied.
Currently, for DCIR research due to model parameter mostly be temperature dependent parameter, temperature is to parameter under room temperature
Influence is not very obvious, and model accuracy is fine, but is reduced and acute variation due to parameter with temperature under low temperature, causes using logical
Normal model can not accurately simulate the pulse behaviors (charge-discharge electric power and DCIR) under lithium ion battery low temperature, lead to lithium ion
The precision of battery simulation field at low temperature is very low.Error is large current discharge more especially under large scale ternary lithium electricity low temperature
Add obvious.Power resources of the lithium ion battery as pure electric automobile, characteristic are influenced very big, low temperature ring by ambient temperature
Under border the internal resistance of battery persistently increases, or even the problems such as cause the burning of battery, explosion, in addition, significantly increasing under low temperature
DCIR can accelerate the capacity attenuation of lithium ion battery, therefore the low temperature DCIR performance for studying lithium electricity is even more important.
Introduction of the embodiment of the present invention based on electrochemistry-thermal coupling modeling lithium ion battery low temperature DCIR method,
The range of analog temperature can be 0 DEG C~-20 DEG C.The low temperature that the temperature range largely covers lithium ion battery uses ring
Border temperature.Also, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention can accurately obtain lithium ion battery within this temperature range
DCIR。
A2: the battery is divided into multiple domains along the direction for being directed toward cathode by anode, the multiple domain includes at least just
Pole collector domain or negative current collector domain；
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the division in domain is born as shown in Figure 1, being directed toward by lithium ion battery by anode
The direction of pole is divided into multiple domains.Multiple domains include at least plus plate current-collecting body domain 1, positive porous electrode domain 2, diaphragm domain 3, bear
Pole porous electrode domain 4 and negative current collector domain 5, each domain arrange in that sequence, and there are interfaces between two neighboring domain.Wherein, just
Pole collector domain corresponds to the positive terminal of lithium ion battery, and negative current collector domain corresponds to the negative terminal of lithium ion battery.
The performance of lithium ion battery is a degree of to be influenced by structure and size.Particularly, for large-sized battery, make
Respectively there is different heating properties, each section and the hot shadow by part adjacent thereto with the various pieces of battery in the process
It rings.As it can be seen that the heat production situation of lithium ion battery is sufficiently complex.Technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is different from existing skill
Lithium ion battery is divided at least five domains by art, investigates its heat production situation, and then overall merit lithium-ion electric respectively to each domain
The indexs such as the service performance and heat production rate in pond.Further, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention by plus plate current-collecting body domain and
Investigation range is also included in negative current collector domain, so that the result investigated is more comprehensive.
A3: the measured value of physical parameter of the multiple domains of the battery under the analog temperature, the physical parameter are obtained
Geometric dimension, material properties, battery performance including multiple domains；The multiple domains of the battery are obtained in this step in the mould
The physical parameter at the interface between adjacent domains, the adjacent domains can be also obtained while the measured value of physical parameter at quasi- temperature
Between interface physical parameter be also used for determine electrochemistry geometrical model.The quantity in interface and domain be it is multiple, then at least obtain
The physical parameter of part interface and part domain.
Technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention at least loads at least partly physical property of the analog temperature in each domain when implementing
The physical parameter measured value of parameter.Or user can be in the physical parameter for at least partly physical parameter for loading each domain analog temperature
On the basis of measured value, at least partly physical parameter of physical parameter under the analog temperature of the interface between each domain is loaded
Measured value.Needed for being simulated, calculated to different domains according to differing needles due to the modeling in actual use due to modeling software
Physical parameter it is different, user can determine according to the actual situation.In the design scheme of certain lithium ion batteries, at least portion
There is also the variations of certain physical property for interface between the domain of split-phase neighbour, and the result that physical property variation can calculate simulation is made
At influence, then the physical parameter at the interface between adjacent two-phase can be included in investigation range according to the actual situation by user.Physical property ginseng
Number includes pulse voltage and burst length.Wherein the burst length is pulse width (pulse duration), and pulse voltage is
The voltage swing of corresponding process.
After determining the physical parameter that needs are investigated, physical parameter measured value corresponding with the physical parameter is obtained, with
The physical parameter measured value of acquisition is foundation, generates measurement open circuit voltage curve (open circuit voltage curve) or SOC-OCV curve.
Then, which can at least characterize open-circuit voltage (Open of the lithium ion battery under analog temperature
Circuit Voltage) and the burst length between corresponding relationship.
It can be a variety of that technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention, which obtains the mode of physical parameter measured value,.Certain physical parameters
Measured value can be directly obtained from books, literature, and certain physical parameter measured values can be obtained by laboratory facilities.The object in each domain
Property measured value of parameters include the corresponding material properties in each domain, such as positive and negative electrode the hot coefficient of open circuit potential curve, entropy, diffusion system
Number, conductivity etc..Physical parameter measured value in this step further includes the corresponding dimensional parameters of lithium ion battery.Lithium ion battery
Corresponding dimensional parameters include with each domain relative to dimensional parameters, such as positive porous electrode domain and cathode porous electrode domain
Porosity, tortuosity, coating thickness and plus plate current-collecting body domain and the position in negative current collector domain etc..Physical property ginseng in this step
Number measured value further includes battery performance, such as open-circuit voltage and the open-circuit voltage corresponding burst length.
A4: determine that accounting equation of the ion of the battery in conductive process, the conductive process include mass transport process
And/or diabatic process；Since the battery in the embodiment of the present invention is considered as the closing with environment progress heat exchange in simulation process
System, then being directed to mass transfer and diabatic process inside closed system can investigate simultaneously.It further, can be certain by mass transport process
The characterization diabatic process of degree.
Preferably, the accounting equation includes diffusion equation.
Heat and mass transport process in this step investigates the microcosmic situation of different location, the main object packet of investigation respectively
It includes:
1) lithium ion is diffused into the process of particle surface from granular center.
Particle surface is arrived inside the particle in positive porous electrode domain and cathode porous electrode domain, main generation lithium ion
Diffusion, using Fick diffusion law:
The process assumes that the centre concentration of particle is initial concentration, does not change over time, is diffused into particle surface, boundary
Condition are as follows:
Formula (three) indicates that granular center, formula (four) indicate particle surface.
In formula: CsLithium ion mean concentration (molm in solid phase-3), DsSolid phase diffusion welding (m2S), r- solid phase
Grain radius, t- diffusion time.
2) process of electrode reaction occurs on the interface of particle and electrolyte.
The process mainly investigates interface location between positive porous electrode domain and diaphragm domain and diaphragm domain and cathode is more
Interface location between pore electrod domain, using Butler-volmer equation:
Wherein formula (six) generates overpotential for activation polarization to occur on inspecting electrode interface.
In formula: J- local reaction current density (Am-2), av- specific surface area (m2·m-3), i0Exchange current density
(A·m-2), F- Faraday constant (96487Cmol-1), η-overpotential (V), R- universal gas constant (9.314Jmol-
1·K-1), T- temperature (K), ka、kcPositive and negative ion electrochemical reaction velocity coefficient (ms-1), Cs,maxSolid phase maximum lithium ion
Concentration (molm-3), Cl、Cl,refElectrolytic salinity, reference concentration (molm-3),Solid phase potential (V),Liquid phase
Potential (V), EeqCircuit voltage (V), εs、εlSolid, liquid phase volume fraction, t+ 0Lithium ion transference number, ρ density (Kgm-3),
CpThermal capacitance (JKg -1·K-1), TambEnvironment temperature (K), h- convection transfer rate (Wm-2·K-1), q- heat production rate (Wm-3), σs、σlActive material solid phase conductivity, electrolytic conductivity (Sm-1).Herein, by physical parameter of the present invention into
Row is explained, and the explanation is suitable for following formula.
3) lithium ion mass transport process.
Lithium ion through electromigration and is diffused at diaphragm from the electrolyte that deintercalation on interface enters positive porous electrode domain
Electrolyte, then be transferred in the electrolyte of cathode porous electrode domain.It is fully charged in positive and negative anodes porous electrode domain and diaphragm domain hole
Liquid is solved, lithium ion mass transport process occurs, using Nerst-Plank equation:
Positive and negative anodes porous electrode domain is different from the porosity in diaphragm domain and tortuosity, and lithium ion motion profile is also different, must
Conductivity and diffusion coefficient in positive and negative anodes porous electrode and diaphragm area electrolyte inside must be modified, update equation
Are as follows:
Dl eff=εe BruggemanDl(9)
δl eff=εe Bruggemanσl(10)
Finally, lithium ion is transferred to from electrolyte to electrode interface, occur on the interface to electrode domain electrode reaction or
Side reaction, then be embedded into inside particle, complete primary lithium ion transmission.Lithium ion insertion and deintercalation are equally expanded using above-mentioned Fick
Dissipate equation and Butler-volmer equation.
A5: setting boundary condition；
In this step, when boundary condition is arranged, the main potential for investigating plus plate current-collecting body domain and negative current collector domain.If
Negative current collector end ground connection is set, then negative current collector domain end potential is 0V, and plus plate current-collecting body domain end is electric current export.Electricity
Current density (A/m2) by the design scheme of battery core depending on.
A6: the accounting equation in the ion conduction processes of the battery is loaded onto preset model, using the perimeter strip
Part restrains the preset model, and the model after convergence is determined as the electrochemistry geometrical model.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model obtains in the following manner:
B1: pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model is loaded onto pre-set thermal model, generates initial coupling model；
Heat source of the electrochemistry geometrical model as thermal model, then when investigating the energy variation of the lithium ion battery, needle
Each domain is carried out respectively, geometric manipulations are carried out to the thermal model.Several where are carried out to the thermal model in this step
The method of reason includes: that battery core pole group is added by practical battery core, deletes the component that no electric current flows through, simplified model, and make mould
Type convergence.The battery core includes at least a grade group, investigates respectively for grade group, can investigate comprehensively lithium ion battery not
With the performance and performance change of position.
Thermal field is loaded for each domain, obtains the average transient state heat production rate of grade group, and the average transient state of the grade group is produced
Thermal field of the heating rate as the thermal model.The investigation object of the thermal model includes constituting the pole of the battery core of the lithium ion battery
The tab of the inside of ear and/or the battery core, the battery core corresponds to the plus plate current-collecting body domain and the negative current collector domain,
The thermal model investigates the thermal conductivity coefficient of multiple directions respectively, and multiple directions include the thickness direction of the battery core and described
The exhibition of battery core to.Battery core mean specific heat in law of conservation of energy is calculated by each respective specific heat capacity in domain to be obtained.
The average method of quality can be used in the calculating of battery core mean specific heat, and calculation formula uses:
B2: the selection target physical parameter in the physical parameter that the electrochemistry geometrical model includes；
There are many selection modes, the description of specific such as subsequent embodiment.
B3: under the analog temperature of the electrochemistry geometrical model setting, according to physical parameter measured value generation
The measurement open circuit voltage curve (measurement OCV curve) of physical parameter, obtains the target properties by the initial coupling model
The analogue value of parameter, and the ginseng of the target properties under the analog temperature is obtained according to the analogue value of the target properties parameter
Several simulation open circuit voltage curves；The physical parameter measured value includes pulse voltage and burst length.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, electrochemistry geometrical model and thermal model can pass through COMSOL software
It obtains.Electrochemistry-thermal coupling model modeling process and subsequent calculating process can then pass through MATLAB software realization.
B4: according to the measurement open circuit voltage curve for the target properties parameter being obtained ahead of time and the target properties parameter
Simulation open circuit voltage curve between difference, the model parameter of the initial coupling model is modified, until obtain
Error between the simulation open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter and the measurement open circuit voltage curve of target properties parameter
No more than preset value, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model is obtained.
Since investigation model is included in the pole position relative to lithium ion battery by the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention
It encloses, so that the object that simulation method involved in the embodiment of the present invention is investigated is more, the calculating process being related to is more, needs
It is iterated, approaches between more physical parameters, and then obtain optimal model parameter, then model parameter is modified
Operation there may be compare between multiple measurement open circuit voltage curve and the simulation open circuit voltage curve.Preferably, mould
Shape parameter includes the total conductivity of the battery core.It is further preferred that the preset value is 10%, it is when error is no more than 10%
Determine that electrochemistry-thermal coupling model modeling is completed.In an embodiment of the invention, electrochemistry-thermal coupling model is at -20 DEG C,
The simulation open circuit voltage curve obtained under conditions of burst length 10s and the comparing result measured between open circuit voltage curve are such as schemed
Shown in 3.The simulation open circuit voltage curve and measurement open circuit voltage curve that the model obtains at identical conditions after amendment
Between comparing result it is as shown in Figure 4.It is found that can be with by the simulation open circuit voltage curve that modified model obtains in Fig. 4
Corresponding measurement open circuit voltage curve is good to coincide.Also, by revised model, at a temperature of other, such as 0 DEG C ,-
It 10 DEG C, is simulated, the model parameter of acquisition also being capable of the good practical physical parameter for reflecting the corresponding battery of the model.Such as
Shown in Fig. 2, illustrate before electrochemistry-thermal coupling model is modified according to open circuit voltage curve with the comparison of revised physical parameter
Figure, the physical parameter are the conductivity of electrolyte.As it can be seen that the modified operation being capable of largely place to go error.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, above-mentioned steps B2 selection target physical parameter the following steps are included:
B201: alternative physical parameter is determined in the physical parameter in each domain in the battery；
Alternative physical parameter is selected by user, and selectable project includes electrolytic conductivity, SEI mould group, electrolyte expansion
Dissipate coefficient, cathode phase diffusion coefficient etc..User may be selected multiple and investigate respectively.Due to the physical parameter of lithium ion battery
It is affected by temperature obviously, then preferably determines multiple alternative physical parameters in this step, and investigated respectively.
B202: determining the susceptibility of each alternative physical parameter, and according to the numerical value of the susceptibility it is descending into
Row sequence；
The susceptibility of alternative physical parameter is affected by temperature obviously, this step is in sequence purpose: in present day analog temperature
Under degree, the influence degree of radio-frequency voltage in lithium ion battery physical parameter open-circuit voltage curve is obtained.
B203: primary alternative physical parameter is at least chosen in the sequence as the target properties parameter.
Target properties parameter may be defined as: the influence degree of radio-frequency voltage physical property the most apparent in open-circuit voltage curve
Parameter.Then for the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention when implementing, target properties parameter includes at least one.Alternatively, user can
It needs to be selected as multinomial, and integrated survey according to itself, and then model parameter is corrected.The alternative physical parameter is extremely
It less include one of electrolytic conductivity, SEI mould group, electrolyte diffusion coefficient.Under the analog temperature, any alternatives
The susceptibility of property parameter and directly proportional to the sensitivity coefficient of the alternatives.The sensitivity coefficient is pulse voltage variable quantity
With the ratio of the alternative physical property Parameters variation amount.
When investigating the susceptibility of physical parameter, can be investigated by way of the sensitivity coefficient of alternative physical parameter alternative
The susceptibility of physical parameter.Under analog temperature, the susceptibility of any alternative physical parameter and quick with the alternatives
Sensitivity coefficient is directly proportional.Sensitivity coefficient is pulse voltage variable quantity and alternative physical property ginseng corresponding with the pulse voltage variable quantity
The ratio of number variable quantity.
It in a preferred embodiment of the invention, will be electric when analog temperature range is between -10 DEG C to -20 DEG C
The conductivity of solution liquid can obtain more accurate model as target properties parameter.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, when analog temperature is -20 DEG C, the battery of investigation is anode NCM ternary
Material+cathode graphite system power type battery, SOC=90%, 10s burst length, the susceptibility sequence of acquisition are as follows: electricity
Solve liquid conductivity >=SEI mould group > electrolyte diffusion coefficient.
The electrochemistry obtained through the embodiment of the present invention-thermal coupling model can obtain more when carrying out simulation calculating
Initial Voltage Value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse before accurate pulse, so it is accurate to obtain
DCIR lays a good foundation.
It is preparatory in the basis after obtaining the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model in a preferred embodiment of the invention
The electrochemistry of acquisition-thermal coupling model, Initial Voltage Value, arteries and veins under the state-of-charge, before obtaining the pulse of the battery
It rushes before the voltage end value of section and the current value of pulse, further includes:
C1: determine the analog temperature for verification temperature；
The technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention investigates the simulation of the lithium ion battery under specific stabilization based on temperature
Method then has certain relevance, and then verifies in the validity to model between the validity and analog temperature of model
When continue to use the analog temperature established in electrochemistry-thermal coupling model.
C2: the verification burst length of the battery is determined；
When determining that should be different from step when verifying the burst length establishes the coupled pulse in electrochemistry-thermal coupling model
Between.The determination in specific verification burst length can be selected according to the demand of user.For example, can be in the measurement open circuit being easily obtained
It carries out testing burst length selection in voltage curve.Preferably, two verification burst lengths, two verification burst lengths are selected respectively
One of be greater than be more than coupling model analog temperature after, it is another verification the burst length reach coupling model be less than coupling
Before analog temperature, i.e., the period two sides for the analog temperature for reaching coupling model in coupling respectively verify model.
C3: running electrochemistry-thermal coupling model of the acquisition, in the verification temperature and the verification burst length
Under the conditions of verification, the verification open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter is obtained；
C4: the measurement open circuit of the target properties parameter under the conditions of the verification open circuit voltage curve and the verification
Voltage curve, determines whether the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model passes through verification；When the verification open circuit voltage curve and the survey
When measuring the difference of open circuit voltage curve no more than corresponding threshold value, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model under the analog temperature is being determined
Pass through verification.
When the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model passes through verification, in electrochemistry-thermal coupling that the execution basis is obtained ahead of time
Molding type, under the state-of-charge, the voltage end value of Initial Voltage Value, pulse burst before obtaining the pulse of the battery with
And pulse current value the step of.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, analog temperature is -20 DEG C, and the analog pulse time is 10s.It is corresponding,
Choosing verification temperature is 20 DEG C, and the verification burst length is respectively 2s and 30s, then the verification open circuit voltage curve obtained respectively is as schemed
Shown in 5 and Fig. 6.As it can be seen that checking curve and corresponding experiment curv degree of agreement are higher in Fig. 5 and curve shown in fig. 6.Fig. 7
For the error analysis for the battery low temperature direct resistance that the corresponding simulated operation of Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 obtains.
The embodiment of the present invention is further described a kind of device for measuring battery low temperature direct resistance, the charged shape including cooperation
State determining module, physical parameter obtain module, low temperature direct resistance obtains module, electrochemistry-thermal coupling model generation module.
Wherein, state-of-charge determining module is used to determine the state-of-charge of battery.Physical parameter obtains module and is used for basis
The electrochemistry being obtained ahead of time-thermal coupling model, under the state-of-charge, the voltage before obtaining the pulse of the battery is initial
Value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse.Low temperature direct resistance obtains module, before according to the pulse
Initial Voltage Value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse, determine the low temperature direct resistance of the battery.Electricity
Chemistry-thermal coupling model generation module, for passing through temperature feedback method to pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model and thermal model
Coupling, and then obtain electrochemistry-thermal coupling model.
Implement the device of measurement battery low temperature direct resistance introduced through the invention, to the low temperature direct electric current of battery into
Row is investigated, and temperature is included in investigation range, can adequately be characterized from performance of the multiple directions to battery.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model generation module includes that electrochemistry is several
What model generates submodule, and it includes that the analog temperature acquiring unit of cooperation, domain are obtained that the electrochemistry geometrical model, which generates submodule,
Unit, physical parameter measured value acquiring unit, accounting equation acquiring unit, boundary condition is taken to take unit, electrochemistry geometrical model
Determination unit.
Wherein, analog temperature acquiring unit is for determining analog temperature.Domain acquiring unit is used for the battery along by just
The direction that cathode is directed toward in pole is divided into multiple domains, and the multiple domain includes at least plus plate current-collecting body domain or negative current collector domain.Object
Property measured value of parameters acquiring unit be used to obtain interface between the multiple domains of the battery and adjacent domains, under the analog temperature
, the measured value of physical parameter, the physical parameter includes the geometric dimension in multiple domains, material properties, battery performance.Meter
It calculates equation acquiring unit and is used to determine that accounting equation of the ion of the battery in conductive process, the conductive process to include passing
Matter process and/or diabatic process.Boundary condition takes unit for boundary condition to be arranged.Electrochemistry geometrical model determination unit is used for
Accounting equation in the ion conduction processes of the battery is loaded onto preset model, is made using the boundary condition described default
Model convergence, is determined as the electrochemistry geometrical model for the model after convergence.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model generation module includes coupling model
Submodule is generated, the coupling model generates the initial coupling model that submodule includes cooperation and obtains at unit, target properties parameter
Take unit, simulation open circuit voltage curve acquiring unit.
Wherein, initial coupling model is used to for pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model being loaded onto pre-set at unit
Thermal model generates initial coupling model and electrochemistry-thermal coupling model determination unit.Target properties parameter acquiring unit is described
Selection target physical parameter in the physical parameter that electrochemistry geometrical model includes.OCV curve acquisition unit is simulated to be used for described
Under the analog temperature of electrochemistry geometrical model setting, opened according to the measurement that the physical parameter measured value generates the physical parameter
Road voltage curve obtains the analogue value of the target properties parameter by the initial coupling model, and according to the object
The analogue value of property parameter obtains the simulation open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter under the analog temperature.Electrochemistry-
Thermal coupling model determination unit is used for electricity of opening a way according to the simulation of the measurement open circuit voltage curve and the target properties parameter
The difference buckled between line, is modified the model parameter of the initial coupling model, until the target properties obtained
Error between the simulation open circuit voltage curve of parameter and the measurement open circuit voltage curve of target properties parameter is no more than preset value,
Obtain the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model.
The embodiment of the present invention is further described a kind of computer-readable storage media including software, is stored thereon with program
Code causes described device to execute as described in any one of foregoing embodiments when said program code is executed by device
Method.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for measuring battery low temperature direct resistance characterized by comprising
Determine the state-of-charge of battery；
Electricity according to the electrochemistry being obtained ahead of time-thermal coupling model, under the state-of-charge, before obtaining the pulse of the battery
Press initial value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse；
According to Initial Voltage Value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse before the pulse, the electricity is determined
The low temperature direct resistance in pond；
Wherein, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model is by temperature feedback method to pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model and heat
Model coupling obtains.
2. the method for measurement battery low temperature direct resistance according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described pre-set
Electrochemistry geometrical model obtains in the following manner:
Determine analog temperature；
The battery is divided into multiple domains along the direction for being directed toward cathode by anode, the multiple domain includes at least plus plate current-collecting body
Domain or negative current collector domain；
The interface between the multiple domains of the battery and adjacent domains is obtained, under the analog temperature, the measured value of physical parameter,
The physical parameter includes the geometric dimension in multiple domains, material properties, battery performance；
Determine that accounting equation of the ion of the battery in conductive process, the conductive process include mass transport process and/or biography
Thermal process；
Boundary condition is set；
Accounting equation in the ion conduction processes of the battery is loaded onto preset model, is made using the boundary condition described
Preset model convergence, is determined as the electrochemistry geometrical model for the model after convergence.
3. the method for measurement battery low temperature direct resistance according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the electrochemistry-heat
Coupling model obtains in the following manner:
Pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model is loaded onto pre-set thermal model, generates initial coupling model；
The selection target physical parameter in the physical parameter that the electrochemistry geometrical model includes；
Under the analog temperature of the electrochemistry geometrical model setting, the physical parameter is generated according to the physical parameter measured value
Measurement open circuit voltage curve, the analogue value of the target properties parameter is obtained by the initial coupling model, and according to institute
The analogue value for stating target properties parameter obtains the simulation open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter under the analog temperature；
It is right according to the difference between the measurement open circuit voltage curve and the simulation open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter
The model parameter of the initial coupling model is modified, until the simulation open-circuit voltage of the target properties parameter obtained is bent
Error between line and the measurement open circuit voltage curve of target properties parameter is no more than preset value, obtains the electrochemistry-thermal coupling
Molding type.
4. the method for measurement battery low temperature direct resistance according to claim 3, which is characterized in that described in the electrification
Learn selection target physical parameter in the physical parameter that geometrical model includes, comprising:
Alternative physical parameter is determined in the physical parameter in each domain in the battery；
It determines the susceptibility of each alternative physical parameter, and is ranked up according to the numerical value of the susceptibility is descending；
Primary alternative physical parameter is at least chosen in the sequence as the target properties parameter.
5. the method for measurement battery low temperature direct resistance according to claim 3, which is characterized in that obtain the electrification
After-thermal coupling model, in electrochemistry-thermal coupling model that the basis is obtained ahead of time, under the state-of-charge, institute is obtained
Before the voltage end value of Initial Voltage Value, pulse burst before stating the pulse of battery and the current value of pulse, further includes:
Determine the analog temperature for verification temperature；
Determine the verification burst length of the battery；
Electrochemistry-thermal coupling the model for running the acquisition, in the verification item of the verification temperature and the verification burst length
Under part, the verification open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter is obtained；
Compare it is described verification open circuit voltage curve and the verification under the conditions of the target properties parameter measurement open-circuit voltage
Curve, determines whether the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model passes through verification；
When the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model passes through verification, molded executing electrochemistry-thermal coupling that the basis is obtained ahead of time
Type, under the state-of-charge, the voltage end value and arteries and veins of Initial Voltage Value, pulse burst before obtaining the pulse of the battery
The step of current value of punching.
6. the method for measurement battery low temperature direct resistance according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the analog temperature is
0 DEG C~-20 DEG C；The target properties parameter includes the total conductivity of the battery core.
7. a kind of device for measuring battery low temperature direct resistance characterized by comprising
State-of-charge determining module, for determining the state-of-charge of battery；
Physical parameter obtains module, for being obtained under the state-of-charge according to the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model being obtained ahead of time
Initial Voltage Value, the voltage end value of pulse burst and the current value of pulse before obtaining the pulse of the battery；
Low temperature direct resistance obtains module, for according to the voltage end value of Initial Voltage Value, pulse burst before the pulse with
And the current value of pulse, determine the low temperature direct resistance of the battery；
Electrochemistry-thermal coupling model generation module, for by temperature feedback method to pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model with
Thermal model coupling, and then obtain electrochemistry-thermal coupling model.
8. the device of measurement battery low temperature direct resistance according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the electrochemistry-heat
Coupling model generation module includes that electrochemistry geometrical model generates submodule, and the electrochemistry geometrical model generates submodule packet
It includes:
Analog temperature acquiring unit, for determining analog temperature；
Domain acquiring unit, for the battery to be divided into multiple domains along the direction for being directed toward cathode by anode, the multiple domain is extremely
It less include plus plate current-collecting body domain or negative current collector domain；
Physical parameter measured value acquiring unit, for obtaining the interface between the multiple domains of the battery and adjacent domains, in the mould
At quasi- temperature, the measured value of physical parameter, the physical parameter includes the geometric dimension in multiple domains, material properties, electricity
Pond performance；
Accounting equation acquiring unit, it is described to be conducted through for determining accounting equation of the ion of the battery in conductive process
Journey includes mass transport process and/or diabatic process；
Boundary condition takes unit, for boundary condition to be arranged；
Electrochemistry geometrical model determination unit, it is default for the accounting equation in the ion conduction processes of the battery to be loaded onto
Model restrains the preset model using the boundary condition, the model after convergence is determined as the electrochemistry geometry mould
Type.
9. the device of measurement battery low temperature direct resistance according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the electrochemistry-heat
Coupling model generation module includes that coupling model generates submodule, and the coupling model generates submodule and includes:
Initial coupling model is at unit, for pre-set electrochemistry geometrical model to be loaded onto pre-set thermal model,
Generate initial coupling model；
Target properties parameter acquiring unit, for the selection target physical property in the physical parameter that the electrochemistry geometrical model includes
Parameter；
Open circuit voltage curve acquiring unit is simulated, under the analog temperature that the electrochemistry geometrical model is set, according to institute
The measurement open circuit voltage curve that physical parameter measured value generates the physical parameter is stated, institute is obtained by the initial coupling model
State the analogue value of target properties parameter, and described in obtaining under the analog temperature according to the analogue value of the target properties parameter
The simulation open circuit voltage curve of target properties parameter；
Electrochemistry-thermal coupling model determination unit, for according to the measurement open circuit voltage curve and the target properties parameter
Simulation open circuit voltage curve between difference, the model parameter of the initial coupling model is modified, until obtain
Error between the simulation open circuit voltage curve of the target properties parameter and the measurement open circuit voltage curve of target properties parameter
No more than preset value, the electrochemistry-thermal coupling model is obtained.
10. a kind of computer-readable storage media including software, is stored thereon with program code, which is characterized in that when described
When program code is executed by device, described device is caused to execute such as method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
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