Novel silicon carbide junction barrier Schottky diode and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The present invention relates to semiconductor power devices, and more particularly to silicon carbide diodes.
Background
Chinese patent 200710153275.9, entitled "SiC Schottky Barrier semiconductor device", describes that the junction barrier d1/d2 of the second conductivity type is not less than 1; in this patent, the depth of the entire guard ring < the active junction barrier depth; chinese patent: CN201710027731 entitled "sic schottky diode structure for improving surge capability and preparation method" describes that the width of the junction barrier region of the active region is 2 kinds of width, and the spacing is uniformly distributed.
In the above patent description, the junction depths of the active P-region and the guard ring P-region coincide. This results in a junction barrier diode with low avalanche capability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manufacturing method of a novel silicon carbide junction barrier Schottky diode, and the avalanche tolerance of the Schottky diode is improved.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a novel silicon carbide junction barrier schottky diode, which comprises a first conductive type silicon carbide substrate and a first conductive type silicon carbide epitaxial layer, wherein the first conductive type silicon carbide substrate and the first conductive type silicon carbide epitaxial layer are arranged in a stacked mode; the upper surface of the first conductive type silicon carbide epitaxial layer is provided with an active region, a protection ring and a second conductive type terminal field limiting ring from the center to the outside in sequence; the active region comprises a plurality of second conductive type junction barrier regions which are arranged at intervals;
and along the direction of the protective ring towards the center of the active region, the distance between the adjacent second conduction type junction barrier regions is gradually increased, and the width of the second conduction type junction barrier regions is gradually reduced.
In a preferred embodiment: the protection ring is divided into a shallow junction and a deep junction; the junction depth and concentration of the shallow junction are the same as those of the second conduction type terminal field limiting ring; the junction depth and concentration of the deep junction are the same as those of the second conductive type junction barrier region; the shallow junction and the deep junction are overlapped; width W of the deep junction0Is 5-35 um.
In a preferred embodiment: the active region comprises n second conductivity type junction barriers, the width W of the first junction barrier adjacent to the guard ring1Is 1-15 um; spacing S between guard ring and first junction barrier region10.5-8 um; width W of n-th second conductivity type junction barrier regionnIs 0.5-4um, and the distance S between the n-1 st second conductive type junction barrier region and the n second conductive type junction barrier regionnIs 5-10 um.
In a preferred embodiment: each of the second conductive type junction barrier regions includes one or at least two sub-junction barrier regions; the widths of the at least two sub-junction barrier regions are the same, and the intervals between the sub-junction barrier regions are also the same; and the distance is equal to the distance between the second conductive type junction barrier region where the second conductive type junction barrier region is located and the previous second conductive type junction barrier region.
In a preferred embodiment: the second conductive type junction barrier region is in a long strip shape, the distance between every two adjacent second conductive type junction barrier regions is gradually increased along the direction from two sides of the protection ring to the center of the active region, and the width of the second conductive type junction barrier region is gradually reduced.
In a preferred embodiment: the second conductive type junction barrier region is annular, the distance between the adjacent second conductive type junction barrier regions is gradually increased along the direction from the periphery of the protection ring to the center of the active region, and the width of the second conductive type junction barrier region is gradually reduced.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the novel silicon carbide junction barrier Schottky diode, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a silicon carbide substrate, wherein the resistivity of the silicon carbide substrate is 0.001-0.05 omega-cm, and the thickness of the silicon carbide substrate is 200-;
2) growing an epitaxial layer of silicon carbide of a first conductivity type on a silicon carbide substrate at a concentration of 1e15-2e16cm-3;
3) On the upper surface of the silicon carbide epitaxial layer, SiO is deposited2Photoetching and selectively implanting ions to form a plurality of second conductive type junction barrier regions and deep junctions which are arranged at intervals; the deep junction is positioned outside the second conductive type junction barrier region; the depth of the deep junction and the depth of the second conductive type junction barrier region are the same;
the plurality of second conductive type junction barrier regions are along the direction from outside to inside, the distance between every two adjacent second conductive type junction barrier regions is gradually increased, and the width of each second conductive type junction barrier region is gradually reduced;
4) forming a second conductive type terminal field limiting ring and a shallow junction with the same depth on the upper surface of the silicon carbide epitaxial layer through photoetching and selective ion implantation; wherein the shallow junction is located outside the deep junction and overlaps with the deep junction; the second conduction type terminal field limiting ring is positioned outside the shallow junction;
5) thinning the back surface of the silicon carbide substrate to 200-220um through physical grinding, depositing metal Ni on the back surface of the silicon carbide substrate through electron beam evaporation or sputtering, and annealing at 900 ℃ to form ohmic contact;
6) depositing Ti on the upper surface of the silicon carbide epitaxial layer by electron beam evaporation or sputtering, and annealing at 500 ℃ to form Schottky metal;
7) depositing metal Al on the upper surface of the Schottky metal by electron beam evaporation or sputtering to form an anode;
8) depositing a SiO2/Si3N4 layer on the upper surface of the silicon carbide epitaxial layer and the upper surface of the anode metal through PECVD, and forming a passivation layer through photoetching;
9) forming a protective layer on the upper surface of the passivation layer 19 by deposition and photolithography;
10) on the lower surface of the ohmic contact, a TiNiAg cathode metal is formed by deposition.
In a preferred embodiment: each of the second conductive type junction barrier regions includes one or at least two sub-junction barrier regions; the widths of the at least two sub-junction barrier regions are the same, and the intervals between the sub-junction barrier regions are also the same; and the distance is equal to the distance between the second conductive type junction barrier region where the second conductive type junction barrier region is located and the previous second conductive type junction barrier region located on the outer side of the second conductive type junction barrier region.
In a preferred embodiment: the second conductive type junction barrier region is in a long strip shape, the distance between the adjacent second conductive type junction barrier regions is gradually increased along the inward direction of two sides of the deep junction, and the width of the second conductive type junction barrier region is gradually reduced.
In a preferred embodiment: the second conductive type junction barrier region is annular, the distance between every two adjacent second conductive type junction barrier regions is gradually increased along the inward direction of the periphery of the deep junction, and the width of the second conductive type junction barrier region is gradually reduced.
The manufacturing method of the novel silicon carbide junction barrier Schottky diode provided by the invention can improve the avalanche tolerance of the Schottky diode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a layered structure diagram of a schottky diode according to a preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an active region in preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of an active region in preferred embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a layered structure diagram of a schottky diode according to a preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of an active region in preferred embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an active region in the preferred embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIGS. 7 to 16 are schematic views of the production process of preferred embodiment 5 of the present invention;
fig. 17 and 18 are schematic diagrams showing differences between the production process in preferred embodiment 6 and embodiment 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments and accompanying drawings:
example 1
Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a novel silicon carbide junction barrier schottky diode, including a first conductivity type silicon carbide substrate 10, a first conductivity type silicon carbide epitaxial layer 11; an active region 31, a protection ring 32 and a second conductive type terminal field limiting ring 13 are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the first conductive type silicon carbide epitaxial layer 11 from the center to the outside; the active region 31 includes a plurality of second conductive type junction barrier regions 12 arranged at intervals;
the interval between the adjacent second conductive type junction barrier regions 12 is gradually increased and the width of the second conductive type junction barrier regions 12 is gradually decreased in a direction of the guard ring 32 toward the center of the active region 31.
Specifically, the guard ring 32 is divided into a shallow junction 14 and a deep junction 15; the junction depth and concentration of the shallow junction 14 are the same as those of the second conductivity type terminal field limiting ring 13; the junction depth and concentration of the deep junction 15 are the same as those of the second conductive type junction barrier region 12; the shallow junction and the deep junction are overlapped; width W of the deep junction0Is 5-35 um.
The active region 31 includes n second conductivity type junction barriers 12, a width W of a first junction barrier adjacent to the guard ring 321Is 1-15 um; guard ring 32 to first junction barrier spacing S10.5-8 um; width W of n-th second conductivity type junction barrier regionnIs 0.5-4um, and the distance S between the n-1 st second conductive type junction barrier region and the n second conductive type junction barrier regionnIs 5-10 um.
The structure is mainly characterized in that after intervals among the junction barrier regions are gradually increased, when applied reverse bias is continuously increased, the distance between the junction barrier regions at the position, close to the center, of the active region is larger, the electric field intensity of the Schottky junction is larger, the Schottky barrier height of the region is reduced due to the Schottky effect and becomes a breakdown weak point, and therefore a breakdown point is introduced into the center region of the active region, the heat dissipation area in an avalanche state is increased, and the avalanche resistance is improved.
In this embodiment, each of the second-conductivity-type junction barrier regions 12 includes a sub-junction barrier region. In addition, in this embodiment, the second-conductivity-type junction barrier region 12 is in a long strip shape, and the distance between adjacent second-conductivity-type junction barrier regions 12 gradually increases and the width of the second-conductivity-type junction barrier region 12 gradually decreases along the direction from the two sides of the guard ring 32 to the center of the active region 31, as shown in fig. 2.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 3, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: the second conductive type junction barrier region 12 is annular, and the distance between adjacent second conductive type junction barrier regions 12 is gradually increased and the width of the second conductive type junction barrier region 12 is gradually decreased along the direction from the periphery of the guard ring 32 to the center of the active region 31.
Example 3
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in this embodiment, each of the second conductivity type junction barrier 12 regions includes two sub-junction barrier regions; the widths of the at least two sub-junction barrier regions are the same, and the intervals between the sub-junction barrier regions are also the same; and the spacing is equal to the spacing between the second-conductivity-type junction barrier region 12 in which it is located and the last second-conductivity-type junction barrier region 12. This results in a group gradual change structure.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 6, the present embodiment is different from embodiment 3 in that: the second conductive type junction barrier region 12 is annular, and the distance between adjacent second conductive type junction barrier regions 12 is gradually increased and the width of the second conductive type junction barrier region 12 is gradually decreased along the direction from the periphery of the guard ring 32 to the center of the active region 31.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 7-16, the present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a novel silicon carbide junction barrier schottky diode, including the following steps:
1) preparing a silicon carbide substrate 10 with the resistivity of 0.001-0.05 omega cm and the thickness of 200-;
2) on a silicon carbide substrate 10, a silicon carbide epitaxial layer 11 of a first conductivity type is grown at a concentration of 1e15-2e16cm-3;
3) On the upper surface of the silicon carbide epitaxial layer 11, by depositing SiO2Photoetching and selective ion implantation to form a plurality of second conductive type junction barrier regions 12 and deep junctions 15 which are arranged at intervals; the deep junction 15 is located outside the second conductivity type junction barrier region 12; the depth of the deep junction 15 is the same as that of the second conductive type junction barrier region 12;
the plurality of second conductive type junction barrier regions 12 are along the direction from outside to inside, the distance between adjacent second conductive type junction barrier regions 12 is gradually increased, and the width of the second conductive type junction barrier regions 12 is gradually reduced;
4) forming a second conductive type terminal field limiting ring 13 and a shallow junction 14 with the same depth on the upper surface of the silicon carbide epitaxial layer 11 through photoetching and selective ion implantation; wherein the shallow junction 14 is located outside the deep junction 15 and overlaps the deep junction 15; the second conductivity type termination field limiting ring 13 is located outside the shallow junction 14;
5) thinning the back surface of the silicon carbide substrate 10 to 200-220um by physical grinding, depositing metal Ni on the back surface of the silicon carbide substrate 10 by electron beam evaporation or sputtering, and annealing at 900 ℃ to form an ohmic contact 21;
6) depositing Ti on the upper surface of the silicon carbide epitaxial layer 11 by electron beam evaporation or sputtering, and annealing at 500 ℃ to form a Schottky metal 17;
7) depositing a metal AI on the upper surface of the Schottky metal by electron beam evaporation or sputtering to form an anode 18;
8) depositing a SiO2/Si3N4 layer on the upper surface of the silicon carbide epitaxial layer 11 and the upper surface of the anode 18 metal through PECVD, and forming a passivation layer 19 through photoetching;
9) forming a protective layer 20 on the upper surface of the passivation layer 19 by deposition and photolithography;
10) on the lower surface of the ohmic contact 21, a TiNiAg cathode metal 22 is formed by deposition.
In this embodiment, each of the second conductive-type junction barriers 12 includes a sub-junction barrier.
Example 6
This example differs from example 6 in that: each second conductive type junction barrier region 12 includes at least two sub-junction barrier regions, and the widths of the at least two sub-junction barrier regions are the same, and the intervals between the at least two sub-junction barrier regions are also the same; and the distance is equal to the distance between the second conductive type junction barrier region where the second conductive type junction barrier region is located and the previous second conductive type junction barrier region located on the outer side of the second conductive type junction barrier region. As shown in fig. 17 and 18.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.