CN109530859A - A kind of GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method - Google Patents
A kind of GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109530859A CN109530859A CN201811600463.6A CN201811600463A CN109530859A CN 109530859 A CN109530859 A CN 109530859A CN 201811600463 A CN201811600463 A CN 201811600463A CN 109530859 A CN109530859 A CN 109530859A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种GH4099高温合金结构件电弧增材制造方法，包括以下步骤：采用焊丝直径为1.0mm或1.2mm的GH4099高温合金焊丝，通过冷金属过渡焊机的焊枪实现所述焊丝的逐层堆积，在下一层堆积结束后，所述焊枪抬起一个堆积层的高度，并停止工作50～60s；增材模式为冷金属过渡和脉冲过渡的混合过渡方式，送丝速度为7～8m/min，增材电流为100A～120A，增材速度为6～8mm/s，每个堆积层的高度1.3～1.8mm。本发明所制造的GH4099高温合金结构件由全焊缝组织组成，致密度高，冶金结合性能好，化学成分稳定。本发明设备简单，材料利用率可达到60％。
The invention discloses an arc additive manufacturing method for GH4099 high-temperature alloy structural parts, comprising the following steps: adopting GH4099 high-temperature alloy welding wire with a wire diameter of 1.0 mm or 1.2 mm, and using a welding torch of a cold metal transfer welding machine to realize the step-by-step welding of the welding wire. Layer stacking, after the next layer stacking is completed, the welding gun lifts the height of one stacking layer and stops working for 50-60s; the additive mode is a mixed transfer mode of cold metal transfer and pulse transfer, and the wire feeding speed is 7-8m /min, the additive current is 100A-120A, the additive speed is 6-8mm/s, and the height of each stacking layer is 1.3-1.8mm. The GH4099 superalloy structural parts manufactured by the invention are composed of all-welded structure, have high density, good metallurgical bonding performance and stable chemical composition. The device of the invention is simple, and the material utilization rate can reach 60%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to material increasing field more particularly to a kind of GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing sides
Method.
Background technique
GH4099 nickel base superalloy belongs to precipitation strength type high temperature alloy, can be a kind of in 1000 DEG C of reliable uses
It is widely used in the high-temperature material of aerospace field, and is widely used to Aerospace Products manufacture.
Often there is cracking phenomena in traditional hot procedure such as such cast, welding, especially deposits in mo(u)lded piece
In more gross imperfection and component segregation, properties of product are seriously affected, existing manufacture means are difficult to meet production requirement.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the present invention is giving a kind of GH4099 high temperature conjunction in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art
Golden structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
A kind of GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method implements GH4099 using cold metal transfer welding machine
The electric arc increasing material manufacturing process of high temperature alloy structural member, comprising the following steps:
It uses gage of wire for the GH4099 high temperature alloy welding wire of 1.0mm or 1.2mm, passes through the cold metal transfer welding machine
Welding gun realize the layer-by-layer accumulation of the welding wire, after next layer heap product, the welding gun lifts the height of a stack layer,
And 50~the 60s that stops working, it is further continued for accumulating upper one layer；Increase the mixing that material mode is cold metal transfer and pulse transition
Transient mode, wire feed rate are 7~8m/min, and increasing material electric current is 100A~120A, and increasing material speed is 6~8mm/s, each accumulation
1.3~1.8mm of height of layer.
Preferably, it in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, is carried out to each layer
During accumulation, the shape according to the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member, which is planned to have in advance, increases material path, the cold metal
The welding gun of transition welding machine is continuously traveling along the increasing material path, to make the GH4099 high temperature alloy welding wire in the increasing material
A layer heap lamination is formed on substrate；The welding gun using the increasing material path as axis, with it is described increase material substrate-parallel plane on
It is swung, by multiple repetitive units, successively tandem array forms swinging track, and the repetitive unit is by being distributed in the axis two
Two isosceles trapezoid track tandem arrays of side form, and the isosceles trapezoid track is made of two waists and a shorter bottom edge,
Two isosceles trapezoid tracks are centrosymmetric relative to connecting points；The amplitude of the swinging track is 5mm, and the welding gun is described
The time that two peak swing positions of repetitive unit are advanced is 0.12s, and the welding gun forms each repetitive unit and used
Time be 0.29s.
Preferably, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, the welding gun is with described
Increasing material path is axis, and with being swung in the plane for increasing material substrate-parallel, the width of each stack layer is
10~12mm.
Preferably, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, the traveling of the welding gun
In the case that track and the increasing material path are completely the same, the width of each stack layer is 6~8mm.
Preferably, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, in the step (1),
The material substrate that increases is the GH4099 high temperature alloy substrate or carbon steel substrate that thickness is greater than 30mm.
Preferably, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, using pure helium or helium argon
Mixed gas carries out front protecting, and gas flow is 15~18L/min.
Preferably, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, the welding gun keeps hanging down
Straight state, in the step (3), the distance of the welding gun to established stack layer is maintained at 15~20mm.
The invention has the following advantages over the prior art:
The present invention carries out the electric arc increasing material manufacturing process of GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member, essence using cold metal transfer welding machine
Really setting manufacturing process and parameters, the manufactured GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member shaped of the present invention is by full seam organization group
At consistency is high, and metallurgical bonding performance is good, chemical composition stability.Present device is simple, and stock utilization can reach 60%,
Production cost is reduced, the production cycle is shortened.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that electric arc increases material process in one embodiment；
Fig. 2 is swinging track schematic diagram in one embodiment.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the foregoing objectives, features and advantages of the present invention clearer and more comprehensible, below in conjunction with attached drawing to this hair
Bright specific embodiment is described in detail.
Fig. 1 please be check, the present invention provides a kind of GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, utilization is cold
The electric arc increasing material manufacturing process of metal transfer welding machine implementation GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member, comprising the following steps: use welding wire
Diameter is the GH4099 high temperature alloy welding wire of 1.0mm or 1.2mm, is realized by the welding gun 1 of the cold metal transfer welding machine described
The layer-by-layer accumulation of welding wire, after next layer heap product, the welding gun 1 lifts the height of a stack layer, and stops working 50
~60s is further continued for accumulating upper one layer；Increase the mixed transition mode that material mode is cold metal transfer and pulse transition, send
Silk speed is 7~8m/min, and increasing material electric current is 100A~120A, and increasing material speed is 6~8mm/s, the height 1.3 of each stack layer
~1.8mm.
The present invention implements the electric arc increasing material manufacturing process of GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member using cold metal transfer welding machine, right
Processing step improves in manufacturing process, is accurately set to parameters, so that reaching improves GH4099 high temperature alloy
The purpose of the mechanical property of structural member.
The present invention provides heat source using CMT welding machine (CMT, cold metal transfer, cold metal transfer) and carries out electric arc
Increasing material manufacturing.GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member is layered in advance on a data processing system, and plans every layer of increasing material path,
Welding gun 1 is advanced according to the increasing material path planned when welding, and (welding wire is installed in the pipette tips of welding gun, the mobile practical meaning of welding gun
The movement of welding wire), as soon as whenever welding gun is moved to the other end, GH4099 high temperature alloy welding wire from the one end in layer increasing material path
A layer heap lamination 4 is formed on a substrate 2.Welding gun completes one layer of electric arc increasing material manufacturing, must move up certain distance, continue on
One layer of electric arc increasing material manufacturing, to successively complete the electric arc increasing material manufacturing process to GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member.Welding gun
It is mounted on six shaft mechanical arm of Funac, the movement for realizing welding gun is driven by mechanical arm.
When GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member being layered in advance in data processing system, and planning every layer of increasing material path,
Construct the threedimensional model of GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member in advance in a data processing system, it can be using UG software to three-dimensional
Model make or optimize to existing threedimensional model, becomes suitable electric arc and increases the model of material, and is post-processed,
It is converted into TP formatted file, Funac robot ' NC system is transferred to by certain medium.Robot ' NC system control machine tool
Arm executes corresponding movement.
In welding process, first by arc ignition, for molten drop to molten bath transition, molten drop enters arc extinction behind molten bath, electric current
Decrease up to short circuit.Short-circuit signal detects and is fed back to wire-feed motor, wire-feed motor pumpback silk material, such silk by dsp processor
Material is separated with molten drop, makes molten drop transition under no current state.The subsequent silk material direction of motion changes, and the starting the arc carries out heap again
It applies, so recycles, be finally completed increasing material manufacturing process.
In the present invention, after next layer heap product, the welding gun 1 lifts the height of a stack layer, and stops working
50~60s cools down established stack layer 3, is further continued for accumulating upper one layer, to improve structural member
Metallurgical performance.Increase material mode by the way of CMT transition and pulse transition mixing, further to improve the shaping surface of weld seam
Effect improves welding quality.For wire feed rate in 7m/min-8m/min, shaping surface is best, and wire feed rate increases, and molten wide melts
Depth and melt pool height all increase.Increasing material electric current can change automatically with the variation of wire feed rate, and the variation for increasing material electric current makes to melt
Change speed to change.Increase material speed, that is, welding gun travel speed, increases material speed in 6mm/s-8mm/s, the smooth beauty of shaping surface,
Molten wide and molten height reduce with the increase of the travel speed of welding gun.Diameter is used to close for the GH4099 high temperature of 1.0mm or 1.2mm
Gold solder silk.Structural member manufactured by the present invention is formed by full seam organization, and structural member thickness depends on GH4099 high temperature alloy
Welding wire.For the present invention when manufacturing the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member of very thin thickness, component still has good strength character.
The manufactured GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member shaped of the invention is made of full seam organization, and consistency is high, metallurgy
Excellent bonding performance, chemical composition stability.Present device is simple, and stock utilization can reach 60%, reduces production cost, contracting
The short production cycle.
In a preferred embodiment, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method,
During accumulating to each layer, the shape according to the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member plans the road You Zengcai in advance
The welding gun of diameter, the cold metal transfer welding machine is continuously traveling along the increasing material path, to make the GH4099 high temperature alloy
Welding wire forms a layer heap lamination on the increasing material substrate 2；The welding gun using the increasing material path as axis, with the increasing material base
Swung in the parallel plane of plate, by multiple repetitive units, successively tandem array forms swinging track, the repetitive unit by
Two isosceles trapezoid track tandem arrays for being distributed in the axis two sides form, and the isosceles trapezoid track is by two waists and one
Shorter bottom edge is constituted, and two isosceles trapezoid tracks are centrosymmetric relative to connecting points；The amplitude of the swinging track is 5mm,
The welding gun is 0.12s in the time that two peak swing positions of the repetitive unit are advanced, and the welding gun forms each
Time used in repetitive unit is 0.41s.Swinging track is shown in Fig. 2.
During to each layer of progress electric arc increasing material manufacturing, welding gun makes wobbling action around material path is increased.Welding gun exists
To increase material path as axis, swung in the plane with substrate-parallel, swinging track by multiple repetitive units successively head and the tail
It is connected.That is, the tail end of previous repetitive unit is connect with the head end of the latter repetitive unit.Repetitive unit is by two isosceles
Trapezoidal track tandem array forms, and isosceles trapezoid track is made of that (isosceles trapezoid track does not have two waists and a shorter bottom edge
Longer bottom edge), and two isosceles trapezoid tracks are centrosymmetric distribution relative to connecting points between the two.Repetitive unit can
By be substantially understood as it is sinusoidal in the form of, only sine curve is made of two waveform curved sections, and repetition of the invention
Unit is made of two isosceles trapezoid tracks.The amplitude of swinging track is 5mm, it is, the isosceles trapezoid track of repetitive unit
Shorter bottom edge reach increase material path distance be 5mm.The time that welding gun is advanced in two peak swing positions of repetitive unit
Be 0.12s, that is, welding gun behind the initial position for swinging to peak swing position (the shorter bottom edge of isosceles trapezoid track),
The position is advanced forward, traveling time 0.12s, therefore, travel distance i.e. isosceles ladder of the welding gun in peak swing position
The length on the shorter bottom edge of shape track can be calculated by traveling time multiplied by the travel speed of welding gun.Welding gun forms each
Time used in repetitive unit is 0.41s, then welding gun is added up in the time that the position of four waists of repetitive unit is advanced
0.17s, due to four waists be it is identical, the time that welding gun is advanced in each waist is 0.0425s.Utilize welding gun travel speed and row
Into the time, then the length of each waist can be calculated.
The present invention is that welding gun devises specific wobbling action, so that welding gun be made to form specific swinging track.Due to
When cold metal transfer welds, welding wire carries out stretching out the movement with pumpback with certain frequency, and electric arc repeatedly burns and extinguishes, in electricity
Electric arc just generates wobbling action with welding gun when arc burns, to stir to molten bath, promotes the gas evolution in molten bath,
Refinement crystal grain, uniform formation and the purpose for reducing stomata are played, interfacial bonding strength is improved.Welding gun advances in the form swung,
Molten drop falls off rapidly under the action of the centrifugal force, promotes the droplet transfer.Peak swing position corresponds to the both ends in molten bath, and welding gun is being put
It moves to peak swing position, continues the 0.12s that advances forward in peak swing position, it is understood that at welding gun in peak swing
Position is briefly maintained, and molten bath both ends heat input can be made to increase, and fusion penetration increases.Amplitude of fluctuation (amplitude) in 5mm,
Shaping surface is good.
The GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member shaped of the invention manufactured is made of full seam organization, the gas in molten bath by
Effect to wire oscillation is easier to be stirred precipitation, and fusion penetration increases, and keeps metal compaction degree high, and metallurgical bonding performance is good,
The intensity of GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member can be improved to 90% or more of base material.
In a preferred embodiment, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, institute
Welding gun is stated using the increasing material path as axis, with being swung in the plane for increasing material substrate-parallel, Mei Gedui
The width of lamination is 10~12mm.
In a preferred embodiment, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, institute
State welding gun travel track and the increasings material path it is completely the same in the case where, the width of each stack layer is 6~8mm.
The travel track of welding gun and increasing material path are completely the same, i.e., wobbling action does not occur for welding gun.Such as manufactured structure
Part is slab construction, then the travel track of welding gun is entirely straight line；If manufactured structural member is arc-shaped structure, then welding gun
Travel track is entirely one section of circle arc curve.
In a preferred embodiment, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, institute
It states in step (1), the material substrate that increases is the GH4099 high temperature alloy substrate or carbon steel substrate that thickness is greater than 30mm.
In a preferred embodiment, it in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, adopts
Front protecting is carried out with pure helium or helium argon mixture gas, gas flow is 15~18L/min.Without sealing when being passed through protective gas
Protective enclosure.
In a preferred embodiment, in the GH4099 high temperature alloy structural member electric arc increasing material manufacturing method, institute
It states welding gun and keeps plumbness, in the step (3), the distance of the welding gun to established stack layer is maintained at 15~
20mm.Welding gun is in plumbness always to guarantee that gas shield effect, welding gun movement velocity are constant.
Embodiment 1
Specific implementation method are as follows:
(1) it is fixed on the table after 300 × 300 × 30mm carbon steel substrate polishing flat, guarantees its level.
(2) front protecting, gas flow 15L/min are carried out using 99.999% pure helium.
(3) the mechanical arm method of operation is reciprocal operation；Arcing point and receipts acnode are arc section two-end-point, one layer heap of every completion
Product, welding gun raises 1.3mm and stops 60s, and the receipts acnode for changing next layer is that upper one layer of arcing point is accumulated, layer and layer it
Between stacked direction on the contrary, and so on shape, obtain required part blank part.
Raw material are GH4099 high temperature alloy silk material, diameter 1.2mm.
Increase material electric current 120A, wire feed rate 8m/min, increases material speed 6mm/s.
Pipette tips are in plumbness always during increasing material, carry out swing operation, and swing mode is shown in Fig. 2, amplitude 5mm,
The time advanced forward on two peak swing positions of one repetitive unit is 0.12s, travel distance of the welding gun in wave crest
L1=0.12 × 6=0.72mm, welding gun swing the length of a cycle in travel distance L2=0.12 × 6=0.72mm of trough
Spend L=0.41 × 6=2.46mm.
Single layer cladding layer height 1.3mm, width 12mm increase material mode and select C+P mode (cold metal transfer technique and pulse
The mode of mixed transition).
Welding gun remains at 15mm away from workpiece surface distance.
The mechanical property of manufactured structural member are as follows: at room temperature: tensile strength 874N/mm2, elongation after fracture
It is 35.0%；Under hot conditions: tensile strength 357N/mm2, elongation after fracture 23.0%；
Embodiment 2
Specific implementation method are as follows:
(1) it is fixed on the table after GH4099 high temperature alloy substrate polishing flat, guarantees its level.
(2) front protecting, gas flow 18L/min are carried out using 99.999% pure helium.
(3) the mechanical arm method of operation is reciprocal operation；Arcing point and receipts acnode are arc section two-end-point, one layer heap of every completion
Product, welding gun raises 1.8mm and stops 50s, and the receipts acnode for changing next layer is that upper one layer of arcing point is accumulated, layer and layer it
Between stacked direction on the contrary, and so on shape, obtain required part blank part.
Raw material are GH4099 high temperature alloy silk material, diameter 1.0mm.
Increase material electric current 100A, wire feed rate 7m/min, increases material speed 8mm/s.
Pipette tips are in plumbness always during increasing material, carry out swing operation, and swing mode is shown in Fig. 2, amplitude 5mm,
The time advanced forward on two peak swing positions of one repetitive unit is 0.12s, travel distance of the welding gun in wave crest
L1=0.12 × 8=0.96mm, welding gun swing the length of a cycle in travel distance L2=0.12 × 8=0.96mm of trough
Spend L=0.41 × 8=3.28mm.
Single layer cladding layer height 1.8mm, width 10mm increase material mode and select C+P mode (cold metal transfer technique and pulse
The mode of mixed transition).Transient mode is identical as example 1.
Welding gun remains at 20mm away from workpiece surface distance.
The mechanical property of manufactured structural member are as follows: at room temperature: tensile strength 886N/mm2, elongation after fracture
It is 37.0%；Under hot conditions: tensile strength 364N/mm2, elongation after fracture 28.5%；
Embodiment 3
Specific implementation method are as follows:
(1) it is fixed on the table after 300 × 300 × 30mm carbon steel substrate polishing flat, guarantees its level.
(2) front protecting, gas flow 15L/min are carried out using 99.999% helium argon gas.
(3) the mechanical arm method of operation is reciprocal operation；Arcing point and receipts acnode are arc section two-end-point, one layer heap of every completion
Product, welding gun raises 1.3mm and stops 60s, and the receipts acnode for changing next layer is that upper one layer of arcing point is accumulated, layer and layer it
Between stacked direction on the contrary, and so on shape, obtain required part blank part.
Raw material are GH4099 high temperature alloy silk material, diameter 1.2mm.
Increase material electric current 120A, wire feed rate 8m/min, increases material speed 6mm/s.
Pipette tips are in plumbness always during increasing material, and pipette tips are not swung, and keep completely the same with increasing material path
Travel track.
Single layer cladding layer height 1.3mm, width 12mm increase material mode and select C+P mode (cold metal transfer technique and pulse
The mode of mixed transition).Transient mode is identical as example 1.
Welding gun remains at 15~20mm away from workpiece surface distance.
The mechanical performance index of manufactured structural member: at room temperature: tensile strength 835N/mm2, elongation of having no progeny
Rate is 26.0%；Under hot conditions: tensile strength 342N/mm2, elongation after fracture 12%.
Embodiment 4
Specific implementation method are as follows:
(1) it is fixed on the table after GH4099 high temperature alloy substrate polishing flat, guarantees its level.
(2) front protecting, gas flow 18L/min are carried out using 99.999% pure helium.
(3) the mechanical arm method of operation is reciprocal operation；Arcing point and receipts acnode are arc section two-end-point, one layer heap of every completion
Product, welding gun raises 1.8mm and stops 50s, and the receipts acnode for changing next layer is that upper one layer of arcing point is accumulated, layer and layer it
Between stacked direction on the contrary, and so on shape, obtain required part blank part.
Raw material are GH4099 high temperature alloy silk material, diameter 1.0mm.
Increase material electric current 100A, wire feed rate 7m/min, increases material speed 8mm/s.
Pipette tips are in plumbness always during increasing material, and pipette tips are not swung, and keep completely the same with increasing material path
Travel track.
Single layer cladding layer height 1.8mm, width 10mm increase material mode and select C+P mode (cold metal transfer technique and pulse
The mode of mixed transition).Transient mode is identical as example 1.
Welding gun remains at 20mm away from workpiece surface distance.
The mechanical property of manufactured structural member are as follows: at room temperature: tensile strength 860N/mm2, elongation after fracture
It is 37.0%；Under hot conditions: tensile strength 363N/mm2, elongation after fracture 25.0%.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, it is not for limiting the present invention, any this field skill
Art personnel without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make possible variation and modification, therefore, guarantor of the invention
Shield range should be subject to the range that the claims in the present invention are defined.
Claims (7)
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