CN106735772A - The device and method of the double arc automatic MIG weldering welding of aluminum alloy two-side - Google Patents
The device and method of the double arc automatic MIG weldering welding of aluminum alloy two-side Download PDFInfo
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 186
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
- B23K9/1735—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode making use of several electrodes
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种铝合金双面双弧自动MIG焊焊接的装置及方法，属于焊接设备领域。装置包括MIG焊枪、焊枪支架、三坐标机械手、焊枪角度自动调节装置、轴承、伺服电机、工件、工控机，可以通过工控机及焊枪角度自动调节装置对焊枪与工件的距离及相对角度进行精确调节，以及焊枪与焊枪相对于工件的位置调节，并通过工控机对双焊接电源及双机械手系统一体化协同控制，调整焊接脉冲电流、焊接速度等工艺参数，实现双面双弧同步对称焊接。本发明采用双面双弧自动焊的焊接方式，解决了手工对称焊接的焊接质量稳定性差的问题，减少了焊接变形，提高了焊接效率，减少焊接缺陷，节约焊接成本，确保了焊接质量。
The invention relates to an aluminum alloy double-sided double-arc automatic MIG welding device and method, belonging to the field of welding equipment. The device includes MIG welding torch, welding torch bracket, three-coordinate manipulator, welding torch angle automatic adjustment device, bearing, servo motor, workpiece, and industrial computer. The distance and relative angle between the welding torch and the workpiece can be precisely adjusted through the industrial computer and welding torch angle automatic adjustment device. , and the position adjustment of the welding torch and the welding torch relative to the workpiece, and through the integrated cooperative control of the dual welding power supply and the dual manipulator system through the industrial computer, the welding pulse current, welding speed and other process parameters are adjusted to achieve double-sided double-arc synchronous symmetrical welding. The invention adopts the welding method of double-sided double-arc automatic welding, solves the problem of poor welding quality stability in manual symmetrical welding, reduces welding deformation, improves welding efficiency, reduces welding defects, saves welding costs, and ensures welding quality.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及焊接设备领域，特别涉及一种铝合金双面双弧自动MIG焊焊接的装置及方法。The invention relates to the field of welding equipment, in particular to an aluminum alloy double-sided double-arc automatic MIG welding device and method.
背景技术Background technique
铝合金由于具有强度高、耐腐蚀性好等优点，被广泛应用于航空、航天、汽车、机械制造等领域。近年来，随着科学技术及工业的快速发展，对于铝合金焊接结构件的需求不断增加，使得研发高效率、高质量的铝合金焊接技术成为研究热点。Due to the advantages of high strength and good corrosion resistance, aluminum alloys are widely used in aviation, aerospace, automobiles, machinery manufacturing and other fields. In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology and industry, the demand for aluminum alloy welded structural parts has been increasing, making the research and development of high-efficiency and high-quality aluminum alloy welding technology a research hotspot.
双面双弧焊（Double-Sided Arc Welding，简称为DSAW）是一种新型的高效率的焊接方法，它采用两个同种电弧或不同的电弧在工件的两面同时施焊，具有热输入小、焊接变形和热影响区小、显著增加熔深、焊接生产效率高的特点，提高了焊接电弧的穿透能力，能够在一定程度上解决一直困扰弧焊领域的高生产效率和高焊接质量的矛盾。双面双弧焊根据两个电弧的相对位置可分成非对称焊接和对称焊接。Double-Sided Arc Welding (Double-Sided Arc Welding, DSAW for short) is a new type of high-efficiency welding method, which uses two same arcs or different arcs to weld on both sides of the workpiece at the same time, with small heat input , small welding deformation and heat-affected zone, significantly increased penetration, and high welding production efficiency, which improves the penetration ability of the welding arc and can solve the problems of high production efficiency and high welding quality that have been plagued by arc welding to a certain extent. contradiction. Double-sided double-arc welding can be divided into asymmetric welding and symmetrical welding according to the relative position of the two arcs.
目前，双面双弧对称焊接采用手工焊接，焊接质量过于依赖于焊工的操作技巧和经验，同时焊接过程中焊工劳动强度大，劳动条件差，因而与自动化焊接相比，手工焊接的焊接质量稳定性差，焊接效率低，并且焊接产品缺陷多，易变形，从而造成焊接质量无法保障，废品率高，焊接成本高。亟待改进。At present, manual welding is used for double-sided double-arc symmetrical welding, and the welding quality is too dependent on the welder's operating skills and experience. At the same time, the welder's labor intensity is high and the working conditions are poor during the welding process. Therefore, compared with automatic welding, the welding quality of manual welding is stable. Poor performance, low welding efficiency, and many welded products are defective and easy to deform, resulting in unguaranteed welding quality, high scrap rate, and high welding costs. Needs to be improved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种铝合金双面双弧自动MIG焊焊接的装置及方法，解决了现有技术存在的上述问题。本发明通过工控机对双焊接电源及双机械手系统一体化协同控制，调整焊接脉冲电流、焊接速度等工艺参数，实现双面双弧同步对称焊接，解决了手工对称焊接的焊接质量稳定性差的问题，减少了焊接变形，提高了焊接效率，减少焊接缺陷，节约焊接成本，确保了焊接质量。熔化极惰性气体保护焊（Metal Inert Gas Welding，简称为MIG焊）是一种使用熔化电极，以Ar或He等惰性气体充当保护气体的焊接方法。该方法特别适合于焊接不锈钢、铜、铝及其合金等材料，焊接过程几乎没有氧化烧损，劳动生产率较高。而且采用MIG焊焊接铝及铝合金时，对其具有良好的阴极雾化作用，可有效的去除氧化膜，提高接头的焊接质量。The object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy double-sided double-arc automatic MIG welding device and method, which solves the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art. The invention realizes synchronous symmetrical welding of double-sided double-arc synchronous welding through the integrated cooperative control of the dual-welding power supply and the dual-manipulator system by the industrial computer, and adjusts the welding pulse current, welding speed and other process parameters, and solves the problem of poor welding quality stability of manual symmetrical welding , reducing welding deformation, improving welding efficiency, reducing welding defects, saving welding cost and ensuring welding quality. Metal Inert Gas Welding (Metal Inert Gas Welding, referred to as MIG welding) is a welding method that uses a melting electrode and an inert gas such as Ar or He as a shielding gas. This method is especially suitable for welding materials such as stainless steel, copper, aluminum and their alloys. There is almost no oxidation and burning loss in the welding process, and the labor productivity is high. Moreover, when using MIG welding to weld aluminum and aluminum alloy, it has a good cathode atomization effect on it, which can effectively remove the oxide film and improve the welding quality of the joint.
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案实现：Above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
铝合金双面双弧自动MIG焊焊接的装置，包括MIG焊枪1、焊枪支架2、三坐标机械手3、焊枪角度自动调节装置4、轴承5、伺服电机6、工件立板7、工件底板8及工控机9，所述MIG焊枪1固定在焊枪支架2上，焊枪支架2通过设置在焊枪角度自动调节装置4内部的伺服电机6和轴承5连接在焊枪角度自动调节装置4上，焊枪角度自动调节装置4通过螺栓固定连接在三坐标机械手3上。Aluminum alloy double-sided double-arc automatic MIG welding device, including MIG welding torch 1, welding torch bracket 2, three-coordinate manipulator 3, welding torch angle automatic adjustment device 4, bearing 5, servo motor 6, workpiece vertical plate 7, workpiece bottom plate 8 and The industrial computer 9, the MIG welding torch 1 is fixed on the welding torch bracket 2, the welding torch bracket 2 is connected to the welding torch angle automatic adjustment device 4 through the servo motor 6 and the bearing 5 arranged inside the welding torch angle automatic adjustment device 4, and the welding torch angle is automatically adjusted The device 4 is fixedly connected to the three-coordinate manipulator 3 by bolts.
所述的焊枪支架2通过焊枪角度自动调节装置4中的伺服电机6与工控机9连接，由工控机9控制焊枪角度自动调节装置4中的伺服电机6调整焊接过程的角度。The welding torch bracket 2 is connected to the industrial computer 9 through the servo motor 6 in the automatic welding torch angle adjustment device 4, and the industrial computer 9 controls the servo motor 6 in the automatic welding torch angle adjustment device 4 to adjust the angle of the welding process.
所述的MIG焊枪1设有两个，两个MIG焊枪1相对于工件对称布置，且MIG焊枪1的枪头与工件立板7之间的距离为1mm～10mm；MIG焊枪1的中心线与工件底板8的水平中心线夹角为28°～32°。Described MIG welding torch 1 is provided with two, and two MIG welding torches 1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to workpiece, and the distance between the gun head of MIG welding torch 1 and workpiece vertical plate 7 is 1mm～10mm; The centerline of MIG welding torch 1 and The angle between the horizontal centerlines of the workpiece bottom plate 8 is 28° to 32°.
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种铝合金双面双弧自动MIG焊焊接的方法，包括如下步骤：Another object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy double-sided double-arc automatic MIG welding method, comprising the following steps:
（1）将待焊接的工件立板7开50°坡口，钝变为2mm，并对焊接接触表面进行打磨，去除氧化膜，固定工件，组对间隙为0～3mm；(1) Make a 50° groove on the vertical plate 7 of the workpiece to be welded, and the bluntness becomes 2mm, and polish the welding contact surface to remove the oxide film, fix the workpiece, and the gap between the pair is 0-3mm;
（2）打开氩气气阀，调整氩气流量为12～18L/min，打开水冷装置，开启送丝装置、焊接电源；(2) Open the argon gas valve, adjust the flow rate of argon gas to 12-18L/min, turn on the water cooling device, turn on the wire feeding device and welding power supply;
（3）设定参数，焊接电流为130～200A，电弧电压为20～25V，焊接速度为5mm/s；(3) Set the parameters, the welding current is 130-200A, the arc voltage is 20-25V, and the welding speed is 5mm/s;
（4）由工控机9控制同时引燃两个MIG电弧，两个MIG焊枪1开始匀速移动；(4) The two MIG arcs are simultaneously ignited under the control of the industrial computer 9, and the two MIG welding torches 1 start to move at a constant speed;
（5）焊接完成后，关闭MIG焊枪1的电源。(5) After welding is completed, turn off the power of MIG welding torch 1.
所述的焊接电源采用非同步协同式直流脉冲模式，即两个电源脉冲的高电平与低电平不同时出现但脉冲周期、幅值等完全相同。The welding power source adopts the asynchronous cooperative DC pulse mode, that is, the high level and low level of the two power pulses do not appear at the same time but the pulse period and amplitude are exactly the same.
本发明的有益效果在于：与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：The beneficial effects of the present invention are: compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
（1）焊接过程中，焊枪由电机带动匀速移动焊接，提高了焊接稳定性和焊缝质量；(1) During the welding process, the welding torch is driven by the motor to move at a constant speed for welding, which improves the welding stability and weld quality;
（2）由于两个MIG电源模块采用非同步协同式直流脉冲模式，有利于控制电弧，降低了电弧之间的相互作用，使熔池能够得到恒定的热量输入，因此提高了电弧能量的利用率，保证了焊接过程的稳定性；(2) Since the two MIG power modules adopt the asynchronous cooperative DC pulse mode, it is beneficial to control the arc, reduce the interaction between the arcs, and enable the molten pool to obtain constant heat input, thus improving the utilization rate of arc energy , to ensure the stability of the welding process;
（3）相比于单面单弧焊，双面双弧MIG焊有助于改善焊缝成型，减少焊接变形，调整工件的残余应力分布，降低接头残余应力；(3) Compared with single-sided single-arc welding, double-sided double-arc MIG welding helps to improve weld formation, reduce welding deformation, adjust the residual stress distribution of the workpiece, and reduce the residual stress of the joint;
（4）双面双弧焊能够提高一次焊接合格率，节省工艺材料，提高焊接效率。(4) Double-sided double-arc welding can improve the qualified rate of one-time welding, save process materials and improve welding efficiency.
附图说明Description of drawings
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的不当限定。The accompanying drawings described here are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the application. The schematic examples and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention, and do not constitute improper limitations to the present invention.
图1为本发明的铝合金双面双弧自动MIG焊焊接的装置结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the device structural representation of double-sided double-arc automatic MIG welding of aluminum alloy of the present invention;
图2为本发明的焊枪角度自动调节装置的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the welding torch angle automatic adjustment device of the present invention;
图3为本发明的焊枪角度自动调节装置的剖面图；Fig. 3 is the sectional view of the welding torch angle automatic adjustment device of the present invention;
图4为本发明的焊接电源的脉冲信号的示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the pulse signal of the welding power source of the present invention.
图中：1、MIG焊枪；2、焊枪支架；3、三坐标机械手；4、焊枪角度自动调节装置；5、轴承；6、伺服电机；7、工件立板；8、工件底板；9、工控机。In the figure: 1. MIG welding torch; 2. Welding torch bracket; 3. Three-coordinate manipulator; 4. Automatic adjustment device for welding torch angle; 5. Bearing; 6. Servo motor; 7. Workpiece vertical plate; 8. Workpiece bottom plate; machine.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明的详细内容及其具体实施方式。附图中只说明了该装置以及监测方法自身的连接方式，焊接过程所必须的气路、水路和电路接法都是使用常规接法，所以不再进行说明。The detailed content of the present invention and its specific implementation will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The attached drawings only illustrate the connection of the device and the monitoring method itself, and the gas, water and circuit connections necessary for the welding process are all conventional connections, so no further description is given.
参见图1至图4所示，本发明的铝合金双面双弧自动MIG焊焊接的装置，包括MIG焊枪1、焊枪支架2、三坐标机械手3、焊枪角度自动调节装置4、轴承5、伺服电机6、工件立板7、工件底板8及工控机9，所述MIG焊枪1固定在焊枪支架2上，焊枪支架2通过通过设置在焊枪角度自动调节装置4内部的伺服电机6和轴承5连接在焊枪角度自动调节装置4上，焊枪角度自动调节装置4通过螺栓固定连接在三坐标机械手3上。可以通过工控机9及焊枪角度自动调节装置4对MIG焊枪1与工件的距离及相对角度进行精确调节，以及焊枪与焊枪相对于工件的位置调节，并通过工控机9对双焊接电源及双机械手系统一体化协同控制，调整焊接脉冲电流、焊接速度等工艺参数，实现双面双弧同步对称焊接。本发明采用双面双弧自动焊的焊接方式，解决了手工对称焊接的焊接质量稳定性差的问题，减少了焊接变形，提高了焊接效率，减少焊接缺陷，节约焊接成本，确保了焊接质量。Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the aluminum alloy double-sided double-arc automatic MIG welding device of the present invention includes a MIG welding gun 1, a welding gun bracket 2, a three-coordinate manipulator 3, a welding gun angle automatic adjustment device 4, a bearing 5, a servo Motor 6, workpiece vertical plate 7, workpiece bottom plate 8 and industrial computer 9, the MIG welding torch 1 is fixed on the welding torch bracket 2, and the welding torch bracket 2 is connected by the servo motor 6 and the bearing 5 arranged inside the welding torch angle automatic adjustment device 4 On the welding torch angle automatic adjustment device 4 , the welding torch angle automatic adjustment device 4 is fixedly connected to the three-coordinate manipulator 3 by bolts. The distance and relative angle between the MIG welding torch 1 and the workpiece can be precisely adjusted through the industrial computer 9 and the welding torch angle automatic adjustment device 4, and the position of the welding torch and the welding torch relative to the workpiece can be adjusted, and the dual welding power supply and double manipulator can be used through the industrial computer 9. System integration and collaborative control, adjustment of welding pulse current, welding speed and other process parameters, to achieve double-sided double-arc synchronous symmetrical welding. The invention adopts the welding method of double-sided double-arc automatic welding, solves the problem of poor welding quality stability in manual symmetrical welding, reduces welding deformation, improves welding efficiency, reduces welding defects, saves welding costs, and ensures welding quality.
所述的焊枪支架2通过焊枪角度自动调节装置4中的伺服电机6与工控机9连接，由工控机9控制焊枪角度自动调节装置4中的伺服电机6调整焊接过程的角度。The welding torch bracket 2 is connected to the industrial computer 9 through the servo motor 6 in the automatic welding torch angle adjustment device 4, and the industrial computer 9 controls the servo motor 6 in the automatic welding torch angle adjustment device 4 to adjust the angle of the welding process.
所述的MIG焊枪1设有两个，两个MIG焊枪1相对于工件对称布置，且MIG焊枪1的枪头与工件立板7之间的距离为1mm～10mm；MIG焊枪1的中心线与工件底板8的水平中心线夹角为28°～32°。Described MIG welding torch 1 is provided with two, and two MIG welding torches 1 are arranged symmetrically with respect to workpiece, and the distance between the gun head of MIG welding torch 1 and workpiece vertical plate 7 is 1mm～10mm; The centerline of MIG welding torch 1 and The angle between the horizontal centerlines of the workpiece bottom plate 8 is 28° to 32°.
参见图1至图4所示，本发明的铝合金双面双弧自动MIG焊焊接的方法，包括如下步骤：Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, the aluminum alloy double-sided double-arc automatic MIG welding method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
（1）将待焊接的工件立板7加工成50°坡口，钝变为2mm。焊接前，并对焊接接触表面进行打磨，去除氧化膜，固定工件，组对间隙为0～3mm；(1) Process the vertical plate 7 of the workpiece to be welded into a 50° groove, and the bluntness becomes 2mm. Before welding, polish the welding contact surface, remove the oxide film, fix the workpiece, and the gap between the groups is 0-3mm;
（2）通过工控机9控制三坐标机械手3和焊枪角度自动调节装置4将两个MIG焊枪1调整到所要求的角度和位置，打开氩气气阀，调整氩气流量为12～18L/min，打开水冷装置，开启送丝装置、焊接电源；(2) Control the three-coordinate manipulator 3 and the welding torch angle automatic adjustment device 4 through the industrial computer 9 to adjust the two MIG welding torches 1 to the required angle and position, open the argon gas valve, and adjust the argon gas flow rate to 12-18L/min , turn on the water cooling device, turn on the wire feeding device and welding power supply;
（3）设定参数，焊接电流为130～200A，电弧电压为20～25V，焊接速度为5mm/s；(3) Set the parameters, the welding current is 130-200A, the arc voltage is 20-25V, and the welding speed is 5mm/s;
（4）由工控机9控制同时引燃两个MIG电弧，两个MIG焊枪1开始匀速移动；(4) The two MIG arcs are simultaneously ignited under the control of the industrial computer 9, and the two MIG welding torches 1 start to move at a constant speed;
（5）焊接完成后，关闭MIG焊枪1的电源。(5) After welding is completed, turn off the power of MIG welding torch 1.
所述的焊接电源采用非同步协同式直流脉冲模式，即两个电源脉冲的高电平与低电平不同时出现但脉冲周期、幅值等完全相同。The welding power source adopts the asynchronous cooperative DC pulse mode, that is, the high level and low level of the two power pulses do not appear at the same time but the pulse period and amplitude are exactly the same.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡对本发明所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made to the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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