CN109526809A - A kind of tiger spot cuttlefish greenhouse cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of tiger spot cuttlefish greenhouse cultural method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109526809A CN109526809A CN201910020729.8A CN201910020729A CN109526809A CN 109526809 A CN109526809 A CN 109526809A CN 201910020729 A CN201910020729 A CN 201910020729A CN 109526809 A CN109526809 A CN 109526809A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种虎斑乌贼温室大棚养殖方法，本发明的方法通过对养殖条件的控制，包括水温控制在23～33℃，盐度控制在24～30，池水透明度控制40～60cm，溶解氧不低于5mg/L，氨氮含量不高于0.1mg/L等养殖管理，同时利用温室大棚可以调节温度、湿度，控制虎斑乌贼密度及饵料规格和投喂量，减少虎斑乌贼在养殖过程中相互残杀等特点，可让虎斑乌贼生长更快、上市更早，具有更好的优势。因此本发明是一种成活率高，生长迅速，易于操作，且稳产与丰产的虎斑乌贼养殖方法。The invention discloses a method for cultivating tabby squid in a greenhouse in a greenhouse. The method of the invention controls the culturing conditions, including controlling the water temperature at 23-33° C., the salinity at 24-30, the transparency of the pool water at 40-60 cm, and the dissolved oxygen Breeding management such as not less than 5mg/L, ammonia nitrogen content not higher than 0.1mg/L, etc. At the same time, the use of greenhouses can adjust the temperature and humidity, control the density of tabby squid, bait specifications and feeding amount, and reduce the interaction between tabby squid in the breeding process. Killing and other characteristics can make tabby squid grow faster and market earlier, and have better advantages. Therefore, the invention is a method for cultivating tabby squid with high survival rate, rapid growth, easy operation, stable and high yield.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture of aquatic animal technical fields, and in particular to a kind of tiger spot cuttlefish greenhouse cultural method.
Background technique
Tiger spot cuttlefish (Sepia pharaonis) is under the jurisdiction of Mollusca (Mollusca), Cephalopoda
(Cephalopoda), Sepiida (Sepiida), Sepiidae (Sepiidae) are the main cuttlefish fishery resources in China, can
Meaning whole body is treasured, and nutritive value is high, and high protein and low fat is a kind of very favorite marine product of the common people, but due to nearly 30
Come overfishing and environmental degradation reason, stock number increasingly decays.
Team where inventor expanded research to the artificial breeding of tiger spot cuttlefish and cultivation from 2014.It is grinding
It is big to study carefully discovery tiger spot cuttlefish individual, maximum growth is fast up to 4kg, and cultivation can grow to 0.5kg in 4 months, before being a kind of great cultivation
The economic siphonopods of scape.Tiger spot cuttlefish seed breeding carries out in annual 4~May, cultivates since annual late May,
October can list.Tiger spot cuttlefish cultivation at present is most of based on outdoor breeding mode, but finds dead in summer breeding process
Dying rate can be significantly raised, sometimes will lead to the phenomenon of full pond death, has seriously affected the enthusiasm of raiser.For tiger spot
The sound development of cuttlefish aquaculture solves the problems, such as that the death rate is high in summer breeding process, needs to explore a kind of cultivation mould
Formula.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of tiger spot cuttlefish greenhouse cultural method, to overcome in existing tiger spot cuttlefish aquaculture model
Being difficult control leads to the problem that the death rate is high in breeding process.
Method provided by the present invention, comprises the following steps that
1) pre-treatment of greenhouse aquaculture pond
30 days progress aquaculture ponds are leveled and are sterilized before tiger spot cuttlefish is put in a suitable place to breed, in aquaculture pond water depth be 30~
40cm, clear pond use quick lime, and usage amount is 100~150Kg/ mus, and bleaching powder also can be used, and usage amount is 40~50Kg/
Mu；
It is drained after disinfection, and removes bottom of pond sapropel, after processing of cleaning up the pond, the progress water storage in 15~20 days before putting in a suitable place to breed, water depth
1.2m~2m；And shrimp seedling is cultivated as basic bait
The shrimp seedling, preferably oppossum shrimp shrimp seedling；
Deep 1.2~the 1.8m in the pond of the aquaculture pond, area are 0.5~2.0 mu；
2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed
In mid-June~mid-July, the good tiger spot squid larva of selection health, vigor carries out seed and puts in a suitable place to breed, in aquaculture pond
Top covers sunshade net；When seed is put in a suitable place to breed, the plastic film bag equipped with seed is first allowed to float 10~15min in aquaculture pond, then
Seed is poured out；
Breeding density, the long 3~5cm of tiger spot cuttlefish trunk, cultivation density is 20~25/m2；As the long 5.0~7.0cm of trunk, support
Grow 15~20/m of density2。
Water temperature is preferably more than 33 DEG C during seed is put in a suitable place to breed,
3) seed cultivates
At 23~33 DEG C, salinity is controlled 24~30 ‰ for water temperature control during cultivation；Water transparence control 30cm~
40cm, pH 7.9~8.2, dissolved oxygen are not less than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is not higher than 0.1mg/L, and the depth of water is controlled in 1.2~1.8m；
It carries out changing water during cultivation, the temperature of the water body of change and the water temperature of aquaculture pond are no more than 4 degree, salinity difference
No more than 5 ‰；Quantity of exchanged water is 20~50%；If changed within every 5 days water 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 20%, if every 15 days primary, water is changed
30~50%；
It is normally fed after putting seedling 5~8 days, as the long 3.0~7.0cm of tiger spot cuttlefish trunk, daily bait feeding weight
It is the 13~17% of its weight；As the long 7.0~11.0cm of tiger spot cuttlefish trunk, daily bait feeding weight is its weight
10~14%；When tiger spot cuttlefish trunk 11.0~15.0cm of length, daily bait feeding weight is the 10~12% of its weight；Tiger spot
The long 15cm or more of cuttlefish trunk, daily bait feeding amount are the 8~10% of its weight；The bait fed be frost small fish or
Shrimp.
Method of the invention is by the control to cultivating condition, including water temperature control, at 23~33 DEG C, salinity is controlled 24
~30, water transparence controls 40~60cm, and dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is not higher than cultivation pipes such as 0.1mg/L
Reason, while using the adjustable temperature of greenhouse, humidity, tiger spot cuttlefish density and bait specification and feeding volume are controlled, is reduced
The features such as tiger spot cuttlefish cuts one another's throat in the breeding process, can allow tiger spot cuttlefish growth faster, listing earlier, have preferably it is excellent
Gesture.Therefore the present invention is a kind of high survival rate, and growth is rapidly, easily operated, and the tiger spot cuttlefish cultural method of stable yields and high yield.
Specific embodiment
Applicant has found in the cultivation practice of tiger spot cuttlefish, cultivates tiger spot cuttlefish using greenhouse in annual 6-7 month,
The survival rate of tiger spot cuttlefish can be improved, can effectively solve the problems, such as that the death rate can be significantly raised in its summer breeding process.Simultaneously
Using greenhouse cultivation can allow tiger spot cuttlefish growth faster, listing earlier, have better advantage.
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiment.
Embodiment 1: the foundation of cultivating condition
1. the condition of aquaculture pond
Deep 1.2~the 1.8m in pond, area be 0.5~2 mu preferably.If water temperature is more than 33 DEG C during putting in a suitable place to breed, need to be at the top of greenhouse
Paving draws sunshade net, avoids high temperature and Qiang Guang, and ambient enviroment is kept quite as far as possible.
2. putting previous work in a suitable place to breed
(30 days) progress aquaculture ponds are leveled and are sterilized before tiger spot cuttlefish is put in a suitable place to breed, are generally discharged water to 30~40cm, clear pond
Quick lime can be used, usage amount is generally 100~150Kg/ mus per acre, also can be used bleaching powder, usage amount is 40 per acre~
50Kg/ mus.On the one hand to kill harmful organisms, bottom of pond sapropel is removed on the other hand to improve water quality and substrate.It cleans up the pond after processing,
It puts in a suitable place to breed and carries out within first 15~20 days water storage work, (inoculation oppossum shrimp or common shrimp seedling, put 10 in a suitable place to breed to culture foundation bait per acre in pond
Reserve living bait of~15 ten thousand common shrimp seedlings of tail as cuttlefish), water depth 1.2m~2m, while Feeding time selection is daily early
Upper 6:00~6:30 (once a day).Bait litopenaeus vannamei compound feed is fed, litopenaeus vannamei compound feed feeding volume is opened
Begin to be 2.5~3.5Kg/ mus, increases by 0.25~0.325kg/ mus (maximum daily ration, feeding quantity 7.5Kg/ mus) daily.
3. seed is put in a suitable place to breed
Selection health, vigor are good, the tiger spot squid larva of a length of 3cm of trunk.It is the preferred cloudy day, somewhat drizzly when seed is put in a suitable place to breed
It is best when rain but not low air pressure, if weather is all that comparison is hot, that will ensure to put seedling before the sun comes out.Greatly
Water temperature is no more than 32 DEG C (putting the seedling time as mid-June~mid-July) in canopy, it is therefore desirable to cover sunshade net on aquaculture pond top.
When putting seedling, it should be noted that water and transport are used the temperature of water body, the quality of salinity difference and cuttlefish seed in Nylon Bag and put in a suitable place to breed
Density.It can be floated on Nylon Bag in water and the method for addition water gradually transition eliminates the difference of temperature and salinity.Seed is put
When supporting, the plastic film bag equipped with seed is first allowed to float 10~15min in aquaculture pond, then seed is poured out.Cultivation density: tiger
Spot cuttlefish trunk grows 3~5cm, and cultivation density is 20~25/m2；As trunk long 5.0~7.0cm, 15~20/m of cultivation density 2.
4. aquaculture management
4.1 water quality management
Should be grasped in breeding process, when changing water slow-motion slowly go out principle, avoid hydro-environmental change excessive and make cuttlefish by
, there is ink-jet phenomenon in scaring.Water temperature control is at 23~33 DEG C, and 24~30, (water is based on keeping stablizing for salinity control；In case of
Special circumstances cannot change water, can not bait throwing in material, to reduce the influence that water quality is ruined), water transparence control 30cm~40cm,
For water colour clearly to faint yellow, appropriate pH 7.9~8.2, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is not higher than 0.1mg/L.Depth of water control
In 1.2~1.8m, (megathermal period water level will keep highest to system, and as far as possible should change the refrigerant fresh seawater in off-lying sea more, make water temperature
It is maintained within 33 DEG C).Dissolved oxygen control is in 5mg/L or more, and pH value control is 8.0~8.2, ammonia nitrogen < 1mg/L.Before changing water, one
Surely first to survey the temperature and salinity (such as temperature is no more than 4 degree and salinity range only 5) of sedimentation basin and reservoir, quantity of exchanged water according to
Cuttlefish food ration, the conditions such as water quality situation into, it should be noted that can not excessively change water, so as not to cause stress, generally once change water 20~
50%.If changed within every 5 days water 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 20% (or every 15 days primary, change water 30~50%).Measurement water temperature, salt daily
Degree, pH value, ammonia nitrogen and the relevant water quality indicator of cultured water simultaneously make a record.Due to the closure of warm canopy environment, make in water body
Cannot discharge, in water, the injury of the gill and liver of prawn is very big for accumulation.Green Verbatim or pond can be used per each (10~15 days)
The antidotes such as pool pellet for detoxication detoxify to pond.
4.2 feedstuff feeding
A bait table is respectively designed on four side of pond, feeds and feeds process when process just starts slowly, on a small quantity, by 5~8 days
Cuttlefish adaptation aquaculture pond is ingested afterwards, can normally be fed.Feeding time selection in every morning 6:30, afternoon 4:00 and at night 8:
30 (the first 15 minutes lamps for opening bait throwing in point being fed at night, because tiger spot cuttlefish has phototaxis), the process of feeding need to accomplish timing, determine
Point.Feed food species, size and daily ration, feeding quantity: when tiger spot cuttlefish trunk 3.0~7.0cm of length, bait is long 1.5~2.5cm, width
The frost small fish of 0.3~0.8cm or shrimp, daily bait feeding weight are the 13~17% of its weight；Tiger spot cuttlefish trunk is long
When 7.0~11.0cm, bait is that long 2.5~4.0cm, wide 0.5~1.5cm freeze small fish or shrimp, daily bait feeding weight
It is the 10~14% of its weight；When the long 11.0~15.0cm of tiger spot cuttlefish trunk, bait be long 3.0~4.0cm, it is wide by 1.0~
2.0cm freezes small fish, shrimp, and daily bait feeding weight is the 10~12% of its weight；The long 15cm or more of tiger spot cuttlefish trunk,
Bait is whole frost small fish, shrimp, and daily bait feeding amount is the 8~10% of its weight.Daily regular check feed table,
Removed in time if having residual bait, day feeding volume mainly according to the ingesting of cuttlefish, grow, cut one another's throats, in water situations such as live bait, together
When combine the conditions such as weather, water quality to comprehensively consider.If individual differs greatly it was found that the growth of cuttlefish is irregular, just illustrate bait
Material biology feeds deficiency, Ying Jia great feeding volume.
4.4 fish and transportation resources
Cultivation pool water level is drained into 15~25cm, is captured with diddle-net directly or with purse seine, process needs gently,
Reduce the interference to cuttlefish.Transportation resources: using Nylon Bag oxygenation transport, Nylon Bag specification is 50 × 25 × 25cm, fills water 1/
4, per packed cuttlefish 1~2 (250 grams of weight 2, each bags, 500 grams of weight 1, each bags).
A kind of specific cultivating condition is as follows:
Pond depth 1.5m, area are 1 mu, and paving draws sunshade net at the top of greenhouse.It puts in a suitable place to breed early period, tiger spot cuttlefish puts the previous moon in a suitable place to breed
Before, aquaculture pond is carried out disinfection using 100~150Kg/ mus of quick lime, rear to clean.Culture foundation bait connects low 5 days after disinfection
The common shrimp seedling (the long 1.5cm of body) of kind, puts reserve living bait of the common shrimp seedling of 150,000 tails as cuttlefish in a suitable place to breed, simultaneously per acre in pond
Feeding time is selected in 6:30 every morning (once a day).Bait litopenaeus vannamei compound feed is fed, Penaeus Vannmei is matched
It closes feedstuff feeding amount to start to be 2.5~3.5Kg/ mus, increases by 0.25~0.325kg/ mus (maximum daily ration, feeding quantity 7.5Kg/ mus) daily.
When tiger spot cuttlefish seed is put in a suitable place to breed, it is ensured that salinity and aquaculture pond during seed breeding are nearly.Selection is launched at the cloudy day, first allows dress
There is the plastic film bag of seed to float 15 in aquaculture pond
Min, then seed is poured out.Cultivation density: the long 3cm of tiger spot cuttlefish trunk, cultivation density are 25/m2.Breeding process
Water quality management: the principle that slow-motion goes out slowly should be grasped when changing water in breeding process, water temperature control is at 26~32 DEG C during cultivation, salt
24~30, water transparence controls 30cm~40cm, appropriate pH 7.9~8.1, dissolved oxygen 5mg/L or more, ammonia nitrogen for degree control
Content is not higher than 0.1mg/L, and the depth of water is controlled 1.2~1.5m (when about 30 DEG C of water temperature, water level is maintained at 1.5m depth).It changes
Before water, the temperature and salinity (guarantee that temperature is no more than 4 degree and salinity range only 5) of sedimentation basin and reservoir are first surveyed, every 5 days
It changes water 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 20% (when every 15 days one time, quantity of exchanged water 40%).Daily measurement water Inversion phenomenon, pH value, ammonia nitrogen and
The relevant water quality indicator of cultured water simultaneously makes a record.Per each 15 days using the antidotes such as green Verbatim or pond pellet for detoxication to pond
Detoxify primary.Feedstuff feeding: respectively designing a bait table on four side of pond, feed fed when process just starts process it is slow,
On a small quantity, cuttlefish adaptation aquaculture pond is ingested after 5 days, can normally be fed.Feeding time selected in every morning 6:30, afternoon
4:00 and evening 8:30 (feeding the first 15 minutes lamps for opening bait throwing in point at night).Feed food species, size and daily ration, feeding quantity: tiger spot
When cuttlefish trunk grows 3.0~7.0cm, bait is to grow 1.5~2.5cm, the frost small fish of wide 0.3~0.8cm or shrimp, daily bait
Feed 13~17% that weight is its weight；When tiger spot cuttlefish trunk 7.0~11.0cm of length, bait is long 2.5~4.0cm, width
0.5~1.5cm freezes small fish or shrimp, and daily bait feeding weight is the 10~14% of its weight；Tiger spot cuttlefish trunk is long
When 11.0~15.0cm, bait is that long 3.0~4.0cm, wide 1.0~2.0cm freeze small fish, shrimp, daily bait feeding weight
It is the 10~12% of its weight；The long 15cm or more of tiger spot cuttlefish trunk, bait are whole frost small fish, shrimp, and daily bait is thrown
The amount of feeding is the 8~10% of its weight.Daily regular check feed table, has residual bait then to remove in time, when the growth of discovery cuttlefish
Irregular, individual differs greatly, and just illustrates that food organisms feed deficiency, increases feeding volume.By cultivation in about 130 days,
Tiger spot cuttlefish reaches the commercial specification (average weight 0.463kg) of listing, cultivation survival rate 64.6%.And outside existing aquaculture model
Room soil is pool cultivated, and by about 130 days pool cultivated tiger spot cuttlefish survival rates 21.5% of mistress's soil, weight average weight was
0.267kg.Tiger spot cuttlefish greenhouse aquaculture model its cultivation survival rate of mode more pool cultivated than mistress's soil improves 200.5%,
Weight improves 73.4%.
Embodiment 2
Essentially identical with the method for embodiment 1, different is 0.8 mu of cultured area, before tiger spot cuttlefish seed is put in a suitable place to breed
Put reserve living bait of the common shrimp seedling of 120,000 tails as cuttlefish in a suitable place to breed per acre.Tiger spot cuttlefish seed size are as follows: selection health, vigor
It is good, the tiger spot squid larva of the long 5cm of trunk；Cultivation density is 20/m2, water temperature control is at 27~32 DEG C during cultivation, salinity control
System is 26~33 ‰, appropriate pH 7.8~8.2.By cultivation in about 130 days, tiger spot cuttlefish reached the commercial specification of listing
(average weight 0.456kg), cultivation survival rate 59.6%.
Embodiment 3
It is essentially identical with the cultural method of embodiment 1, except that 0.7 mu of cultured area, tiger spot cuttlefish seed size
Are as follows: selection health, vigor are good, the tiger spot squid larva of the long 5cm of trunk；Cultivation density is 30/m2, water temperature control exists during cultivation
27~33 DEG C, salinity control is 26~33, appropriate pH 7.8~8.3.By cultivation in about 130 days, tiger spot cuttlefish reached
The commercial specification (average weight 0.506kg) in city, cultivation survival rate 61.6%.
Show that the present invention is a kind of high survival rate by above example, growth is fast, manageability, and the tiger of stable yields and high yield
Spot cuttlefish cultural method.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of tiger spot cuttlefish greenhouse cultural method, which is characterized in that the method comprises the following steps that
1) pre-treatment of greenhouse aquaculture pond
30 days progress aquaculture ponds are leveled and are sterilized before tiger spot cuttlefish is put in a suitable place to breed, and water depth is 30~40cm in aquaculture pond,
Clear pond uses quick lime, and usage amount is 100~150Kg/ mus, drains after disinfection, and remove bottom of pond sapropel, after processing of cleaning up the pond,
Put progress water storage in first 15~20 days, water depth 1.2m~2m in a suitable place to breed；And shrimp seedling is cultivated as basic bait
2) seed is put in a suitable place to breed
In mid-June~mid-July, the good tiger spot squid larva of selection health, vigor carries out seed and puts in a suitable place to breed, adds on aquaculture pond top
Lid sunshade net；When seed is put in a suitable place to breed, the plastic film bag equipped with seed is first allowed to float 10~15min in aquaculture pond, then seed
It pours out；
3) seed cultivates
At 23~33 DEG C, salinity is controlled 24~30 ‰ for water temperature control during cultivation；Water transparence controls 30cm~40cm, pH
7.9~8.2, dissolved oxygen is not less than 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is not higher than 0.1mg/L, and the depth of water is controlled in 1.2~1.8m；
It carries out changing water during cultivation, the temperature of the water body of change and the water temperature of aquaculture pond are no more than 4 DEG C, and salinity difference does not surpass
Cross 5 ‰；Quantity of exchanged water is 20~50%；If changed within every 5 days water 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 20%, if every 15 days primary, change water 30~
50%；
It is normally fed after putting seedling 5~8 days, as the long 3.0~7.0cm of tiger spot cuttlefish trunk, daily bait feeding weight is it
The 13~17% of weight；As the long 7.0~11.0cm of tiger spot cuttlefish trunk, daily bait feeding weight be its weight 10~
14%；When tiger spot cuttlefish trunk 11.0~15.0cm of length, daily bait feeding weight is the 10~12% of its weight；Tiger spot cuttlefish
The long 15cm or more of trunk, daily bait feeding amount are the 8~10% of its weight；The bait fed is frost small fish or shrimp.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the clear pond of the step 1), another method be using
Bleaching powder, usage amount are 40~50Kg/ mus.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the shrimp seedling in the step 1) is oppossum shrimp shrimp seedling.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the deep 1.2~1.8m in the pond of the aquaculture pond, area 0.5
~2.0 mu.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the breeding density of the step 2), when tiger spot cuttlefish trunk long 3
~5cm, cultivation density are 20~25/m2；As trunk long 5.0~7.0cm, 15~20/m of cultivation density2。
6. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that water temperature is no more than 33 during the seed of the step 2) is put in a suitable place to breed
℃。
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Application publication date: 20190329 |