CN109510759B - System and method for realizing rapid universal multi-protocol gateway - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rapid universal multi-protocol gateway realizing system and a method, which solve the technical problem that a plurality of self-defined protocols can not be analyzed during field debugging construction, and adopt a data acquisition control and analysis module positioned on data acquisition equipment, a configuration analysis software module connected with the data acquisition control and analysis module and data acquisition protocol configuration software positioned on an upper computer; the data acquisition protocol comprises a physical layer, a data link layer and an application layer, and the data acquisition protocol configuration software is used for configuring a physical layer interface parameter configuration interface, acquiring a message configuration interface, analyzing the message configuration interface and a communication frame query interface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of Internet of things and industrial Internet, in particular to a system and a method for realizing a rapid universal multi-protocol gateway.
Background
With the development of the internet of things, the industrial internet is rapidly emerging, the most basic work of the industrial internet is data acquisition, and the acquisition of industrial big data is different from the acquisition of traditional internet big data, so that a plurality of problems are met.
The existing industrial data acquisition has the problem of nonstandard protocol. The industrial data acquisition faces a very complex scene, different sensors and field data acquisition systems adopt a large number of proprietary industrial protocols developed by themselves, the existing data acquisition equipment is realized by adopting a preset universal industrial protocol, the protocols cannot be analyzed to the proprietary custom-made protocols, and when the data are acquired, the program of the data acquisition equipment needs to be modified according to the different protocols every time, so that the installation and debugging of the acquisition equipment need to be participated by research and development personnel, the generalization of the acquisition equipment cannot be realized, and the waste of manpower and material resources is caused.
When an industrial enterprise implements a big data project, the data acquisition sources are various, a sensor or a PLC (programmable logic controller) needs to be directly acquired in some scenes, and data of an automatic system upper computer which has completed the division needs to be acquired in some scenes. The level of manufacturers of the automation system is uneven when the automation system is deployed, most systems are not provided with data interfaces, documents are greatly lost, a large number of field systems are not provided with data set based on a point table and the like, and the data of the equipment and the system cannot be acquired by the conventional industrial data acquisition gateway equipment.
In some industrial scenes, the normal work of the original system cannot be influenced when data acquisition equipment is added, and the acquisition work can only adopt a parallel monitoring mode to acquire data. The existing industrial data acquisition gateway needs to use a special interface to acquire data, and when the field device cannot provide an additional interface, the data acquisition cannot be realized.
In order to solve the above problems, it is necessary to provide a system and a method for implementing a fast and general multi-protocol gateway.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that a plurality of custom protocols cannot be analyzed during field debugging construction in the prior art. The system has the advantages that the problem that a plurality of custom protocols cannot be analyzed during field debugging construction is solved, and configuration is flexible.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme is as follows:
a rapid universal multi-protocol gateway implementation system is applied to data acquisition equipment and comprises a data acquisition control and analysis module, a configuration analysis software module and data acquisition protocol configuration software, wherein the data acquisition control and analysis module is positioned on the data acquisition equipment; the data acquisition protocol comprises a physical layer, a data link layer and an application layer, and the data acquisition protocol configuration software is used for configuring a physical layer interface parameter configuration interface, an acquisition message configuration interface, an analysis message configuration interface and a communication frame query interface.
In the above scheme, for optimization, the interface for configuring the physical layer interface parameters further includes an RS485 interface, an RS422 interface, an RS232 interface, and a CAN interface.
The invention also provides a method for realizing the rapid universal multi-protocol gateway, which is based on the system for realizing the rapid universal multi-protocol gateway and comprises the following steps:
generating a configuration file according to a communication protocol of a current acquired device or system, issuing the configuration file to a data acquisition device in an XML file format, and analyzing a received XML file by the data acquisition device; the data acquisition equipment configures physical layer parameters of the acquisition equipment, generates a link layer analytic function and then generates an application layer protocol analytic function;
step two, the application layer constructs a main equipment acquisition data packet according to the application layer protocol analysis function in the step two, then the main equipment acquisition data packet is sent to a data link layer, and a data link layer program carries out encapsulation according to the link layer analysis function to generate a communication frame;
step three, the data link layer sends the communication frame to the physical layer, and sends the data stream to the physical link according to the setting parameter;
step four, the data acquisition equipment monitors a physical link, the physical layer sends all received data to a data link layer, the data link layer identifies a slave equipment response frame, meanwhile, the received data is placed in a buffer area, the end of a returned communication frame is determined according to the analysis parameters of a returned data packet, and the received complete communication frame is sent to an application layer;
and step five, the application layer analyzes the data packet according to the protocol analysis parameter and extracts effective data.
Further, the configuration items in the configuration file include: physical layer parameters, main equipment message acquisition parameters and return data packet analysis parameters.
Further, the configuration items in the configuration file include: interface type, baud rate, start bit, stop bit, data bit, parity check and flow control; the interface types include RS232, RS485, RS422 and CAN.
Further, the configurable items provided by the collection message configuration interface include link layer protocol configuration parameters and application layer protocol configuration parameters.
Further, the link layer protocol configuration parameters comprise a collection message configuration parameter and a return message verification configuration parameter;
the configuration parameters of the collected message comprise a communication frame starting mark, an equipment address, a communication frame length, a communication frame type, a plurality of user-defined constants, a data verification mode and a data verification starting offset;
the return message verification configuration parameters comprise a communication frame starting mark, an equipment address, a communication frame length, a communication frame type, a plurality of user-defined constants, a data verification mode and a data verification starting position offset.
Further, the application layer protocol configuration parameters include data offset position, data length, data type and data byte order.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention carries out uniform abstract processing on communication protocols of various devices and systems in an industrial field, provides common characteristics of the protocols, and then realizes a universal data acquisition framework aiming at the common characteristics. Meanwhile, aiming at different protocols, various flexible configuration parameters are provided, and various self-defined protocols are adapted. Therefore, the problem that a plurality of custom protocols cannot be analyzed during field debugging construction is solved.
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The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for implementing a fast generic multi-protocol gateway.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of data acquisition protocol configuration software.
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a configuration parsing software module.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a terminal data acquisition process.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a parsing process for receiving return data.
FIG. 6, a link layer communication protocol for a level sensing system device.
FIG. 7, a certain level sensing system device application layer communication protocol.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a fast universal multi-protocol gateway implementation system, which is applied to data acquisition equipment, and as shown in fig. 1, the fast universal multi-protocol gateway implementation system includes a data acquisition control and analysis module located in the data acquisition equipment, a configuration analysis software module connected with the data acquisition control and analysis module, and data acquisition protocol configuration software located in an upper computer; the data acquisition protocol comprises a physical layer, a data link layer and an application layer, and the data acquisition protocol configuration software is used for configuring a physical layer interface parameter configuration interface, an acquisition message configuration interface, an analysis message configuration interface and a communication frame query interface.
Specifically, the interface for configuring the physical layer interface parameter includes an RS485 interface, an RS422 interface, an RS232 interface, and a CAN interface.
The embodiment also provides a method for implementing a fast generic multi-protocol gateway, which includes:
generating a configuration file according to a communication protocol of a current acquired device or system, issuing the configuration file to a data acquisition device in an XML file format, and analyzing a received XML file by the data acquisition device; the data acquisition equipment configures physical layer parameters of the acquisition equipment, generates a link layer analytic function and then generates an application layer protocol analytic function;
step two, the application layer constructs a main equipment acquisition data packet according to the application layer protocol analysis function in the step two, then the main equipment acquisition data packet is sent to a data link layer, and a data link layer program carries out encapsulation according to the link layer analysis function to generate a communication frame;
step three, the data link layer sends the communication frame to the physical layer, and sends the data stream to the physical link according to the setting parameter;
step four, the data acquisition equipment monitors a physical link, the physical layer sends all received data to a data link layer, the data link layer identifies a slave equipment response frame, meanwhile, the received data is placed in a buffer area, the end of a returned communication frame is determined according to the analysis parameters of a returned data packet, and the received complete communication frame is sent to an application layer;
and step five, the application layer analyzes the data packet according to the protocol analysis parameter and extracts effective data.
As shown in fig. 2, the data acquisition protocol configuration software is installed on the running and debugging computer to implement the detailed configuration of various parameters of various on-site acquisition protocols, and generates the configuration information into an XML file, which is sent to the acquisition device through the network interface.
As shown in fig. 3, the configuration analysis software module and the data acquisition control and analysis module are two software modules running on the acquisition device. The configuration analysis software module receives the configuration XML file, analyzes the file, and generates acquisition equipment physical layer parameters, a link layer analysis function, an application layer protocol analysis function and an acquisition process control function. And the data acquisition control and analysis module performs the work of physical layer interface parameter configuration, data acquisition instruction issuing and data acquisition return data analysis through the generated function.
Fig. 5 shows a process of acquiring data of a terminal. Firstly, the physical layer parameters of the acquisition equipment are configured, and then an acquisition process control function is started.
(a) For active acquisition application, an acquisition process control function calls an application layer protocol analysis function to construct an acquisition active query command, a link layer protocol analysis function is called to encapsulate the query command into a communication frame, the communication frame is sent to a physical layer and sent out, then a signal line is monitored, when the physical layer detects that data has returned data, a valid data bit is received and sent to the link layer, the link layer function analyzes the data, if a communication frame starting mark is detected, the data is cached, when the communication frame is detected to be ended, a complete communication frame is cached, the communication frame checksum is calculated, if the checksum verification fails, the whole communication frame is discarded, and the next acquisition is started; and if the verification and the verification are successful, calling an application layer protocol analysis function to analyze the communication frame to obtain the acquired data. And informing the acquisition control program to start the next data acquisition.
(b) For passive monitoring application, an acquisition process control function monitors physical layer signals all the time, when a physical layer detects that data has returned data, effective data bits are received and sent to a link layer, the link layer function analyzes the data, if a communication frame starting mark is detected, the data is cached, when the communication frame is detected to be finished, a complete communication frame is cached, the check sum of the communication frame is calculated, if the check sum fails, the whole communication frame is discarded, and the next acquisition is started; and if the verification and the verification are successful, calling an application layer protocol analysis function to analyze the communication frame to obtain the acquired data. And informing the acquisition control program to start the next data acquisition.
As shown in fig. 5, is a parsing process for receiving return data.
After the system is started, the physical layer monitors a communication link signal, and after a signal start bit is monitored, data is extracted by taking bytes as a unit. The link layer program checks whether the data is a new communication frame, if the data is the new communication frame, a new buffer is opened, the number of bytes of the received data of the communication frame is set to 1, the next byte of data is continuously received, if the data is not the new communication frame, the data is stored in the buffer area of the current communication frame, and the number of bytes of the received data of the communication frame is added with 1.
According to the configuration of the communication protocol, if the communication protocol requires that a communication frame length mark is carried in a communication frame, length data is taken out from the appointed position of the received communication frame according to the protocol convention, and if the protocol does not carry the communication frame length mark, a communication frame length parameter is determined according to the configured checksum offset address and the checksum length. When the byte number of the data frame received by the cache region reaches the length parameter of the communication frame, the communication frame is received completely; at the moment, calculating the checksum of the whole communication frame according to a checksum calculation method, comparing the checksum with the checksum of the communication frame band, and discarding the data packet if the checksum fails; if the check sum passes, the communication frame is received normally, the communication frame is analyzed continuously, the type of the communication frame is extracted, whether the communication frame is a host inquiry message or a terminal reply message is determined, if the communication frame is the host inquiry message, the data is discarded, the next communication frame is received continuously, and if the communication frame is the terminal reply message, the whole communication frame is sent to an application layer for processing.
As shown in fig. 6 and 7, a certain fluid level sensing system device communication protocol. Fig. 6 is a link layer protocol, fig. 7 is a bit application layer protocol, and the device is a query-response protocol, according to the protocol format:
a) firstly, configuring physical layer parameters, wherein the interface type is RS485, the baud rate is 9600, the data bit is 8, the stop bit is 1, and no check bit exists;
b) secondly, configuring a query frame format, wherein a first parameter is an equipment address, and the length is 1 byte; the second parameter is frame type (function code) with length of 1 byte, where 0x03 represents inquiry and 0x06 represents write; the third parameter is the address of the application register, and the length is 2 bytes; the fourth parameter is the number of inquired registers, and the length is 2 bytes; the fifth parameter is application data needing to be written into the register, and the length is determined by the corresponding register data type, wherein the int type is 2 bytes, and the Float is 4 bytes; the sixth parameter is a checksum and the protocol checks with CRC16 low first and high last.
c) A link layer analysis format of the reply packet is configured again, the first parameter is an equipment address, and the length is 1 byte; the second parameter is the frame type (function code), the length is 1 byte, and the configuration can only be 0x 04; the third parameter is the number of bytes of returned data, and the length is 2 bytes; the fourth parameter is checksum mode, which is CRC16 low-first-then-high mode check
d) According to the present example, we plan to take four parameters of oil temperature, air temperature, mass and standard density. Device address 0x01, then the configuration of the query frame is:
the device address parameters are configured to: 0x01
The protocol type parameter is configured as: 0x03
The register address parameters are configured to: 0x3C14
The number of registers parameter is configured to: 0x0004
The checksum is configured to: CRC16 Low first then high
Reply message analysis link layer analysis configuration is as follows:
the device address parameters are configured to: 0x01
The protocol type parameter is configured as: 0x03
The number of registers parameter is configured to: 0x0004
The checksum is configured to: CRC16 Low first then high
The reply message analysis application layer analysis configuration is as follows:
oil temperature data: the data offset is 4, the data length is 4, and the data type is Float;
air temperature data: the data offset is 8, the data length is 4, and the data type is Float;
e) after the protocol is configured, the generated configuration file is loaded on the acquisition equipment, the acquisition equipment analyzes the configuration, configures the physical interface parameters of the equipment, generates a query communication frame, monitors the data return communication frame, analyzes the data return communication frame, and finally obtains the oil temperature and the air temperature data.
The above embodiment is only an example of a practical application, and the present invention is not limited to this application, and can be implemented after being configured by the above configuration method for various industrial field communication protocols.
In addition, after a special protocol is configured, the configuration file can be used as a script of the protocol, and can be directly called when the protocol is used in other places or scenes.
The embodiment provides a protocol configuration method and a protocol analysis mode, can conveniently realize a unified data acquisition framework and universal equipment, and is convenient for users to rapidly configure and use in the face of different self-defined protocols.
Although the illustrative embodiments of the present invention have been described above to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments, and it is apparent to those skilled in the art that all the inventive concepts using the present invention are protected as long as they can be changed within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A rapid universal multi-protocol gateway implementation system is applied to data acquisition equipment and is characterized in that: the rapid universal multi-protocol gateway implementation system comprises a data acquisition control and analysis module positioned on the data acquisition equipment, a configuration analysis software module connected with the data acquisition control and analysis module, and data acquisition protocol configuration software positioned on an upper computer;
the data acquisition protocol comprises a physical layer, a data link layer and an application layer, and the data acquisition protocol configuration software is used for configuring a physical layer interface parameter configuration interface, an acquisition message configuration interface, an analysis message configuration interface and a communication frame query interface;
the data acquisition protocol configuration software realizes the detailed configuration of various parameters of various on-site acquisition protocols and generates configuration information into an XML file; specifically, the method comprises configuring physical layer parameters, configuring link layer protocol parameters, configuring application layer protocol parameters, configuring a data acquisition mode and configuring specific configuration items of each configuration process; the configuration items for configuring the physical layer parameters comprise: interface type, baud rate, start bit, stop bit, data bit, parity check and flow control; the configuration items for configuring the link layer protocol parameters comprise: a communication frame starting mark, an equipment address, a communication frame length, a communication frame type, a plurality of user-defined constants, a data verification mode, a data verification starting position offset and a communication frame ending mark; the configuration items for configuring the application layer protocol parameters comprise: data offset position, data length, data type and data byte sequence;
the configuration analysis software module receives and analyzes the configuration XML file to generate an acquisition equipment physical layer parameter, a link layer analysis function, an application layer protocol analysis function and an acquisition process control function;
and the data acquisition control and analysis module performs the work of physical layer interface parameter configuration, data acquisition instruction issuing and data acquisition return data analysis through functions.
2. The fast generic multi-protocol gateway implementation system according to claim 1, characterized by: the physical layer interface parameter configuration interface comprises an RS485 interface, an RS422 interface, an RS232 interface and a CAN interface.
3. A method for realizing a rapid universal multi-protocol gateway is characterized in that: the method is based on the system for implementing the rapid generic multi-protocol gateway as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, and the method comprises:
generating a configuration file according to a communication protocol of a current acquired device or system, issuing the configuration file to a data acquisition device in an XML file format, and analyzing a received XML file by the data acquisition device; the data acquisition equipment configures physical layer parameters of the acquisition equipment, generates a link layer analytic function and then generates an application layer protocol analytic function;
step two, the application layer constructs a main equipment acquisition data packet according to the application layer protocol analysis function in the step one, then the main equipment acquisition data packet is sent to a data link layer, and a data link layer program carries out encapsulation according to the link layer analysis function to generate a communication frame;
step three, the data link layer sends the communication frame to the physical layer, and sends the data stream to the physical link according to the setting parameter;
step four, the data acquisition equipment monitors a physical link, the physical layer sends all received data to a data link layer, the data link layer identifies a slave equipment response frame, meanwhile, the received data is placed in a buffer area, the end of a returned communication frame is determined according to the analysis parameters of a returned data packet, and the received complete communication frame is sent to an application layer;
and step five, the application layer analyzes the data packet according to the protocol analysis parameter and extracts effective data.
4. The fast generic multi-protocol gateway implementation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: configuration items within the configuration file include: physical layer parameters, main equipment message acquisition parameters and return data packet analysis parameters.
5. The fast generic multi-protocol gateway implementation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: configuration items within the configuration file include: interface type, baud rate, start bit, stop bit, data bit, parity check and flow control; the interface types include RS232, RS485, RS422 and CAN.
6. The fast generic multi-protocol gateway implementation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the configurable items provided by the acquisition message configuration interface comprise link layer protocol configuration parameters and application layer protocol configuration parameters.
7. The fast generic multi-protocol gateway implementation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the link layer protocol configuration parameters comprise acquisition message configuration parameters and return message verification configuration parameters;
the configuration parameters of the collected message comprise a communication frame starting mark, an equipment address, a communication frame length, a communication frame type, a plurality of user-defined constants, a data verification mode and a data verification starting offset;
the return message verification configuration parameters comprise a communication frame starting mark, an equipment address, a communication frame length, a communication frame type, a plurality of user-defined constants, a data verification mode and a data verification starting position offset.
8. The fast generic multi-protocol gateway implementation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: the application layer protocol configuration parameters comprise data offset position, data length, data type and data byte sequence.
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