CN109494081B - Super capacitor thermal management system and method for tramcar - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a supercapacitor thermal management system and method for trams, which includes a supercapacitor module composed of a plurality of supercapacitor cells arranged in an array, a rotary valve, a heat sink, a phase change matrix, a control circuit, a driver, a gas The flow channel, inner box and outer box; the direction of the air flow is changed by adjusting the rotation valve in the cooling air flow channel, thereby realizing the reciprocating flow of the cooling air flow; the super capacitor module composed of multiple super capacitor monomers is immersed in the phase change matrix and sealed in the inner box; a heat sink is placed between the middle rows of the supercapacitor module and extends out of the top cover of the inner box, and the heat sink extends toward the gas flow channel. The invention can achieve uniform heat dissipation of supercapacitors used in railcars, effectively reduce the temperature difference in various areas within the supercapacitor group, maintain better consistency of the supercapacitor, and improve the service life and economic performance of the system.

Description

A supercapacitor thermal management system and method for trams

Technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of trams, and in particular relates to a supercapacitor thermal management system and method for trams.

Background technique

As urban traffic congestion and environmental pollution problems caused by vehicle exhaust emissions continue to ferment, the development of urban public transportation and the increase in the application of new energy technologies have become hot spots in urban transportation development. The contactless modern trams that are currently under development generally use high-energy supercapacitors as auxiliary power supplies. Since the space of trams is limited and it is difficult to utilize the windward effect, it is more difficult for the supercapacitors to dissipate heat. During the high-current and high-rate charge and discharge process, , heat will accumulate rapidly, resulting in a higher temperature in the middle area of the supercapacitor module. If each area cannot be effectively cooled in time, the temperature imbalance between the supercapacitors will be aggravated, resulting in accelerated aging and deterioration of performance parameters. In order to ensure that the supercapacitor module covers the entire life cycle of the vehicle, a thermal management system is required to control the temperature within 22-25°C, and strictly control the temperature difference in each area to maintain better consistency.

At present, trams generally adopt active air-cooling thermal management systems, which lead the air-conditioned air in the carriage into the box from the bottom of the inner box to forcefully dissipate heat to the monomers in each group of supercapacitor modules. After the cooling air is introduced into the outer box, it enters from the left side of the module and flows out from the right side in a serial ventilation manner. The air is heated during the flow process. This one-way forced air cooling and heat management method is prone to problems on the right side of the module. The temperature of the regional module is higher than that on the left side, resulting in a temperature gradient among the supercapacitor cells within the module, which seriously affects its power output and service life.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a thermal management system and method for supercapacitors used in trams, which can achieve uniform heat dissipation of supercapacitors used in trams, effectively reduce the temperature difference in various areas within the supercapacitor group, and keep the supercapacitors more stable. Good consistency improves the service life and economic performance of the system.

In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a supercapacitor thermal management system for trams, including a supercapacitor module composed of a plurality of supercapacitor cells arranged in an array, a rotary valve, a heat sink, a phase change Substrate, control circuit, driver, gas flow channel, inner box and outer box;

A gas flow channel is provided on the top of the outer box, the gas flow channel is connected to the cooling air flow inlet and the air flow outlet, and a rotary valve is set on the gas flow channel; the control circuit is connected to the driver, and the driver receives the signal from the control circuit. Control the rotary valve; change the direction of the air flow through the adjustment of the rotary valve in the cooling air flow channel, thereby realizing the reciprocating flow of the cooling air flow;

The inner box is placed inside the outer box, and a supercapacitor module composed of multiple supercapacitor cells is soaked in a phase change matrix and sealed in the inner box; placed between the middle rows of the supercapacitor module The heat sink extends out of the top cover of the inner box, and the heat sink extends toward the gas flow channel.

Further, the gas flow channel spans the top of the outer box, and through holes I and through holes II are respectively provided at both ends of the top of the outer box, and the gas flow channels are connected through the through holes I and through holes II. ;

A cooling airflow inlet is provided at one end of the gas flow channel near the through hole I, and an airflow outlet I is provided at the top of the side wall of the outer box near the cooling airflow inlet; a rotary valve I is provided at the through hole I and the airflow outlet I, and is opened Or close the through hole I, and at the same time close or open the air flow outlet I;

One end of the gas flow channel near the through hole II is a closed structure, an air flow outlet II is set at the top of the side wall of the outer box near the through hole II, and a rotary valve II is set at the through hole II and the air flow outlet II to open or Close the through hole II and simultaneously close or open the air flow outlet II;

By controlling the directions of the rotary valve I and the rotary valve II, the opening or closing of the through hole I, the through hole II, the air flow outlet I and the air flow outlet II are adjusted, thereby adjusting and changing the direction of the air flow to realize the reciprocating flow of the cooling air flow.

Further, fans are provided at the cooling air inlet, air outlet I and air outlet II, and the fans are connected to the control circuit through a driver; the pressure difference generated by the rotation of the fans guides the cooling air in the box to in the air.

Further, the rotary valve includes a rotating shaft, a cock body and a rotating driving part. The cock body is arranged on the rotating shaft and rotates along the axis of the rotating shaft. The rotating driving part drives the cock body to move, relying on the cock body to rotate around the center of the valve body. The shaft rotates to control the direction of the cooling flow.

Further, the phase change matrix is liquid phase change silicone oil, and the phase change temperature of the phase change silicone oil is 30-100°C. The liquid phase change silicone oil can both absorb the heat of the supercapacitor and play a role at low temperatures. The role of insulation.

Furthermore, the heat sink is a phosphor bronze sheet with good thermal conductivity. It is placed between the middle rows of the supercapacitor module and extends out of the top cover of the inner box toward the gas flow channel to add phase change silicone oil to the gas flow channel. The stored heat is dissipated in time and taken away by the reciprocating cooling air flow.

On the other hand, based on the above proposal, the present invention also provides a thermal management method for supercapacitors for trams, including the steps:

S100, the control circuit receives vehicle operating status information;

S200, according to the vehicle operating status, the driver controls the rotary valve after receiving the signal from the control circuit, thereby adjusting and changing the direction of the air flow to achieve reciprocating flow of cooling air flow;

S300, through the heat sink, the heat stored in the phase change matrix is discharged in time and the heat is taken away through the reciprocating cooling air flow.

Further, the method for controlling the reciprocating flow of cooling airflow includes the steps:

S201, set the reciprocating flow cycle period to be defined as T, the reciprocating flow cycle period is defined as the time for the reciprocating flow to resume its initial flow direction; set the start time to t1; set the initial flow direction to the cooling airflow flowing through the heat sink from right to left; adjust The initial states of rotary valve I and rotary valve II are closed air flow outlet I and closed air flow outlet II;

S202, according to the vehicle operating status, adjust the rotary valve I and the rotary valve II during the reciprocating flow cycle to change the air flow direction to achieve reciprocating flow of cooling air flow.

Further, the operation method under the multiple flow cycle includes the steps:

S2021: Mode 1, when 0≤t<t1, both the rotary valve I and the rotary valve II do not move and are in the initial state, the vehicle is in the starting state, and the supercapacitor module starts to work;

S2022: Mode 2, when When the rotary valve Ⅰ rotates to close the through hole Ⅰ and opens the air flow outlet Ⅰ, the rotary valve Ⅱ does not move, and the cooling air flow from the cooling air flow inlet enters through the gas flow channel and flows through the heat sink from right to left;

S2023: Mode 3, when When, the rotary valve I rotates to open the through hole I and closes the air outlet I, the rotary valve II rotates to close the through hole II and opens the air outlet II, and the cooling air inlet of the cooling air flows through the heat sink from left to right;

S2024: Cycle mode 2 and mode 3, forming a reciprocating flow.

Further, an air inlet fan is provided at the cooling air flow inlet to generate cooling air or lead air conditioning in the cabin; an exhaust fan I and an exhaust fan II are respectively provided at the air flow outlet I and the closed air flow outlet II. ;

Fan operation steps during the reciprocating flow cycle:

When 0≤t<t1, the fans will not rotate;

when When, the air inlet fan and exhaust fan I rotate;

when When , the air inlet fan and exhaust fan II rotate.

Beneficial effects of adopting this technical solution:

The invention uses a reciprocating flow cycle to control the direction of the cooling air flowing into the outer box, which can effectively reduce the maximum temperature of the supercapacitor, enable the supercapacitors in each area to be effectively cooled, and can effectively reduce the risk of supercapacitors caused by the use of one-way forced air cooling. The capacitor has the problem of temperature gradient, which reduces the temperature difference between various areas in the supercapacitor group; it effectively improves the temperature uniformity, enables the supercapacitor to maintain better consistency, reduces the maximum temperature of the supercapacitor, and extends the working life.

At the same time, the present invention also uses liquid phase change silicone oil, which can absorb the heat of the supercapacitor and play a role in heat preservation at low temperatures. The silicone oil is volatile and is sealed in the inner box; even if the phase change gas occurs The liquid accumulates on the top of the box, and can also be phase-changed back to the liquid state again after the heat conductor is cooled. This can not only improve the temperature uniformity of the supercapacitor group, reduce the aging speed of the supercapacitor, but also improve the economy of the vehicle energy storage system. sex.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a supercapacitor thermal management system for trams of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a schematic flow chart of a thermal management method for supercapacitors used in trams according to the present invention;

Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a supercapacitor thermal management system for trams in Mode 2 according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a supercapacitor thermal management system for trams in Mode 3 according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Among them, 1 is the control circuit, 2 is the driver, 3 is the air inlet fan, 4 is the exhaust fan I, 5 is the exhaust fan II, 6 is the rotary valve I, 7 is the rotary valve II, 8 is the heat sink, and 9 is Supercapacitor cell, 10 is the phase change matrix, 11 is the gas flow channel, 12 is the inner box, and 13 is the outer box.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, the present invention proposes a supercapacitor thermal management system for trams, including a supercapacitor module composed of a plurality of 9 supercapacitor cells arranged in an array, a rotary valve, a heat dissipation Piece 8, phase change matrix 10, control circuit 1, driver 2, gas flow channel 11, inner box 12 and outer box 13;

A gas flow channel 11 is provided on the top of the outer box 13, and the gas flow channel 11 communicates with the cooling air flow inlet and the air flow outlet, and a rotary valve is provided on the gas flow channel 11; the control circuit 1 is connected to the driver 2, and the driver 2. After receiving the signal from the control circuit 1, the rotary valve is controlled; the direction of the air flow is changed through the adjustment of the rotary valve in the cooling air flow channel, thereby realizing the reciprocating flow of the cooling air flow;

The inner box 12 is placed inside the outer box 13, and a supercapacitor module composed of a plurality of supercapacitor cells 9 is soaked in the phase change matrix 10 and sealed in the inner box 12; The heat sink 8 is placed between the rows and extends out of the top cover of the inner box 12 , and the heat sink 8 extends toward the gas flow channel 11 .

As an optimization solution of the above embodiment, the gas flow channel 11 spans the top of the outer box 13. Through holes I and through holes II are respectively provided at both ends of the top of the outer box 13, and through the through holes I and The through hole II communicates with the gas flow channel 11;

A cooling air flow inlet is provided at one end of the gas flow channel 11 near the through hole I, and an air flow outlet I is provided at the top of the side wall of the outer box 13 near the cooling air flow inlet; a rotary valve I6 is provided at the through hole I and the air flow outlet I. , open or close the through hole I, and at the same time close or open the air flow outlet I;

One end of the gas flow channel 11 near the through hole II is a closed structure, an air flow outlet II is provided at the top of the side wall of the outer box 13 near the through hole II, and a rotary valve II 7 is provided at the through hole II and the air flow outlet II. Open or close the through hole II, and simultaneously close or open the air flow outlet II;

By controlling the directions of the rotary valve I6 and the rotary valve II7, the opening or closing of the through hole I, the through hole II, the air flow outlet I and the air flow outlet II are adjusted to adjust and cooperate to change the direction of the air flow and realize the reciprocating flow of the cooling air flow.

Fans are provided at the cooling air flow inlet, air flow outlet I and air flow outlet II. The fans are connected to the control circuit 1 through the driver 2; the rotation of the fans generates a pressure difference to guide the cooling air in the box into the air. .

The rotary valve includes a rotating shaft, a cock body and a rotating driving part. The cock body is arranged on the rotating shaft and rotates along the axis of the rotating shaft. The rotating driving part drives the cock body to move and is controlled by rotating the cock body around the central rotating axis of the valve body. The direction of cooling flow.

As an optimization solution of the above embodiment, the phase change matrix 10 is liquid phase change silicone oil. The phase change temperature of the phase change silicone oil is 30-100°C. The liquid phase change silicone oil can both absorb the heat of the supercapacitor and It plays the role of heat preservation at low temperatures.

The heat sink 8 is a phosphor bronze sheet with good thermal conductivity. It is placed between the middle rows of the supercapacitor module and extends out of the top cover of the inner box 12 toward the gas flow channel 11 to store the phase change silicone oil. The heat is dissipated in time and taken away by the reciprocating cooling air flow.

In order to cooperate with the implementation of the method of the present invention, based on the same inventive concept, as shown in Figure 2, the present invention also provides a supercapacitor thermal management method for trams, including the steps:

S100, the control circuit 1 receives vehicle operating status information;

S200, according to the operating status of the vehicle, the driver 2 controls the rotary valve after receiving the signal from the control circuit 1, thereby adjusting and changing the direction of the air flow to realize the reciprocating flow of the cooling air flow;

S300, the heat stored in the phase change matrix 10 is promptly dissipated through the heat sink 8 and taken away through the reciprocating cooling air flow.

As an optimization solution of the above embodiment, the method for controlling the reciprocating flow of cooling airflow includes the steps:

S201, set the reciprocating flow cycle period to be defined as T, the reciprocating flow cycle period is defined as the time for the reciprocating flow to resume its initial flow direction; set the start time to t1; set the initial flow direction to the cooling airflow flowing through the heat sink 8 from right to left; Adjust the initial state of rotary valve I6 and rotary valve II7 to close the air flow outlet I and close the air flow outlet II;

S202, according to the vehicle operating status, adjust the rotary valve I6 and the rotary valve II7 during the reciprocating flow cycle to change the air flow direction to achieve reciprocating flow of cooling air flow.

The operation method under the multiple flow cycle includes the steps:

S2021: Mode 1, as shown in Figure 1, when 0≤t<t1, both the rotary valve I6 and the rotary valve II7 do not move and are in the initial state, the vehicle is in the starting state, and the supercapacitor module starts to work;

S2022: Mode 2, as shown in Figure 3, when When the rotary valve I6 rotates to close the through hole I and open the air flow outlet I, the rotary valve II7 does not operate, and the cooling air flow from the cooling air flow inlet enters through the gas flow channel 11 and flows through the heat sink 8 from right to left;

S2023: Mode 3, as shown in Figure 4, when When, the rotary valve I6 rotates to open the through hole I and closes the air outlet I, the rotary valve II7 rotates to close the through hole II and opens the air outlet II, and the cooling air inlet of the cooling air flows through the heat sink 8 from left to right;

S2024: Cycle mode 2 and mode 3, forming a reciprocating flow.

As an optimization solution of the above embodiment, an air inlet fan 3 is provided at the cooling air flow inlet to generate cooling air or lead indoor air conditioning air; an exhaust fan I 4 is provided at the air flow outlet I and the closed air flow outlet II respectively. and exhaust fan II5;

Fan operation steps during the reciprocating flow cycle:

When 0≤t<t1, the fans will not rotate;

when When, the inlet fan 3 and the exhaust fan I4 rotate;

when When, the air inlet fan 3 and the exhaust fan Ⅱ5 rotate.

The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions only illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have other aspects. Various changes and modifications are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (9)

1. The super-capacitor heat management method for the tram is characterized by comprising a super-capacitor module, a rotary valve, radiating fins (8), a phase-change matrix (10), a control circuit (1), a driver (2), a gas runner (11), an inner box body (12) and an outer box body (13), wherein the super-capacitor module is formed by arranging a plurality of super-capacitor monomers (9) in an array mode; a gas flow passage (11) is arranged at the top of the outer box body (13), the gas flow passage (11) is communicated with a cooling air flow inlet and a cooling air flow outlet, and a rotary valve is arranged on the gas flow passage (11); the control circuit (1) is connected with the driver (2), and the driver (2) controls the rotary valve after receiving the signal of the control circuit (1); the direction of the air flow is changed through the adjustment and matching of a rotary valve in the cooling air flow channel, so that the reciprocating flow of the cooling air flow is realized; the inner box body (12) is arranged in the outer box body (13), and a super capacitor module formed by a plurality of super capacitor monomers (9) is soaked in the phase change matrix (10) and sealed in the inner box body (12); a cooling fin (8) is arranged between the rows in the super capacitor module and extends out of the top cover of the inner box body (12), and the cooling fin (8) extends to the gas flow channel (11);

the method comprises the following steps:

s100, receiving vehicle running state information by a control circuit (1);

s200, according to the running state of the vehicle, the driver (2) receives the signal of the control circuit (1) and then controls the rotary valve, so that the direction of the air flow is adjusted and changed in a matching way, and the reciprocating flow of the cooling air flow is realized;

s300, timely guiding out the heat stored in the phase change matrix (10) through the radiating fins (8) and taking the heat away through the cooling airflow flowing back and forth.

2. The super-capacitor heat management method for the tram according to claim 1, wherein the gas flow channel (11) spans the top of the outer box body (13), a through hole I and a through hole II are respectively arranged at two ends of the top of the outer box body (13), and the gas flow channel (11) is communicated through the through hole I and the through hole II;

a cooling air flow inlet is formed in one end, close to the through hole I, of the air flow channel (11), and an air flow outlet I is formed in the top of the side wall of the outer box body (13) close to the cooling air flow inlet; a rotary valve I (6) is arranged at the position of the through hole I and the air flow outlet I, the through hole I is opened or closed, and the air flow outlet I is closed or opened at the same time;

one end of the gas flow channel (11) close to the through hole II is of a closed structure, the top of the side wall of the outer box body (13) close to the through hole II is provided with an air flow outlet II, the through hole II and the air flow outlet II are provided with a rotary valve II (7), the through hole II is opened or closed, and the air flow outlet II is closed or opened at the same time;

the direction of the rotary valve I (6) and the direction of the rotary valve II (7) are controlled, and the opening or closing of the through hole I, the through hole II, the air flow outlet I and the air flow outlet II are regulated, so that the direction of the air flow is regulated and changed in a matching way, and the reciprocating flow of cooling air flow is realized.

3. Super-capacitor thermal management method for tram according to claim 2, characterized in that fans are provided at the cooling air flow inlet, air flow outlet i and air flow outlet ii, which fans are connected to the control circuit (1) via a drive (2); the cooling air in the box body is guided into the air by the pressure difference generated by the rotation of the fan.

4. A method of super-capacitor thermal management for a tram as claimed in claim 3 wherein the rotary valve comprises a shaft, a plug body and a rotary driving member, the plug body is disposed on the shaft and rotates axially along the shaft, the rotary driving member drives the plug body to move, and the direction of the cooling flow is controlled by rotating the plug body around the central shaft of the valve body.

5. The super-capacitor thermal management method for the tram according to claim 1, wherein the phase-change matrix (10) is liquid phase-change silicone oil, and the phase-change temperature of the phase-change silicone oil is 30-100 ℃.

6. The super-capacitor heat management method for the tram according to claim 5, wherein the heat radiating fins (8) are made of phosphor copper sheets, are arranged between the rows of the super-capacitor module, extend out of the top cover of the inner box body (12) and extend to the gas flow channel (11), timely conduct out heat stored in the phase-change silicone oil and take away the heat through the cooling air flow flowing back and forth.

7. The super capacitor heat management method for a tram as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for controlling the reciprocating flow of the cooling air flow comprises the steps of:

s201, setting a reciprocating flow cycle period to be defined as T, wherein the reciprocating flow cycle period is defined as the time for the reciprocating flow to restore the initial flow direction; setting the starting time as t1; setting an initial flow direction such that the cooling air flows from right to left through the fins (8); the initial states of the rotary valve I (6) and the rotary valve II (7) are regulated to be a closed air flow outlet I and a closed air flow outlet II;

s202, according to the running state of the vehicle, the rotary valve I (6) and the rotary valve II (7) are adjusted to change the air flow direction under the reciprocating flow circulation period, so that the reciprocating flow of cooling air flow is realized.

8. The super capacitor heat management method for a tram as claimed in claim 7, wherein the operation method under the cycle of the multiple current comprises the steps of:

s2021: in the mode 1, when t is more than or equal to 0 and less than t1, the rotary valve I (6) and the rotary valve II (7) do not act and are in an initial state, the vehicle is in a starting state, and the super capacitor module starts to work;

s2022: mode 2, whenWhen the rotary valve I (6) is rotated to close the through hole I and open the air flow outlet I, the rotary valve II (7) is not operated, and the cooling air flow at the cooling air flow inlet enters the cooling air flow through the air flow channel (11) from right to left and flows through the cooling fins (8);

s2023: mode 3, whenWhen the cooling air flow cooling device is used, the rotary valve I (6) rotates to open the through hole I and close the air flow outlet I, the rotary valve II (7) rotates to close the through hole II and open the air flow outlet II, and cooling air flows through the cooling fins (8) from left to right;

s2024: cycling mode 2 and mode 3, the repetitive reciprocating flow is expected.

9. The super capacitor heat management method for a tram according to claim 8, wherein an air intake fan (3) is provided at the cooling air flow inlet for generating cooling air or introducing air-conditioning air in a vehicle cabin; an exhaust fan I (4) and an exhaust fan II (5) are respectively arranged at the air flow outlet I and the closed air flow outlet II;

fan operation steps under the cycle of the reciprocating flow:

when t is more than or equal to 0 and less than t1, the fans do not rotate;

when (when)When the air inlet fan (3) and the air exhaust fan I (4) rotate;

when (when)During the time, the air inlet fan (3) and the air exhaust fan II (5) rotate.