CN109470769A - Method and system for detecting grouting fullness of sleeve by ultrasonic reflection method - Google Patents
Method and system for detecting grouting fullness of sleeve by ultrasonic reflection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109470769A CN109470769A CN201811156641.0A CN201811156641A CN109470769A CN 109470769 A CN109470769 A CN 109470769A CN 201811156641 A CN201811156641 A CN 201811156641A CN 109470769 A CN109470769 A CN 109470769A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/02—Analysing fluids
- G01N29/032—Analysing fluids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for detecting grouting fullness of a sleeve by an ultrasonic reflection method. The detection method comprises the steps that a plurality of measuring points are arranged on the outer surface of a concrete member grouting sleeve protection layer along the length direction of the sleeve; arranging an ultrasonic transducer with the functions of exciting ultrasonic waves and receiving the ultrasonic waves at the measuring point; and judging the full grouting condition inside the sleeve according to the intensity of the reflected wave signals received by the ultrasonic transducer at the inner wall of the sleeve. The detection method directly arranges the measuring points on the surface of the concrete member, is simple, convenient and quick, does not need to pre-embed a sensor in advance, and belongs to the nondestructive detection technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of assembly type buildings, in particular to a method and a system for detecting grouting fullness of a sleeve by an ultrasonic reflection method.
Background
The prefabricated building means that part or all of components and parts of the building are produced in a prefabrication factory and then transported to a construction site, and the components are assembled by adopting a reliable connection mode and a mounting machine to form the building with the design and use functions. Compared with the construction of a cast-in-place structure, the prefabricated structure has the advantages of convenience in construction, high engineering progress, small influence on the surrounding environment, easiness in ensuring the quality of building components and the like. The assembly type structure is applied to industrial buildings in China more frequently, and is popularized and applied to civil buildings, particularly residential buildings, in recent ten years.
The sleeve grouting connection is one of the main connection modes of the steel bars in the existing prefabricated concrete structure, the technology realizes the steel bar connection through the special sleeve and the high-strength non-shrinkage grouting material, and has the advantages of quick construction, simple stress, small additional stress, wide application range, easy absorption of construction errors and the like. Because the number of joints on the same section of the component is 100% in the connection mode, and the joints are generally positioned at important stress positions of the component, the connection quality is critical, and if the grouting inside the sleeve is not full, the connection of the steel bars cannot reach the designed expected performance, serious potential safety hazards can be brought.
In the construction process, the conditions of slurry leakage, less grouting and blockage in the sleeve are occasionally generated, the engineering problem that the connection quality of the sleeve does not meet the requirement is also reported, and the grouting fullness problem is particularly concerned during engineering acceptance. The sleeve mainly adopts steel material, and buries in the concrete, and the reinforcing bar inserts the sleeve back and then grout in the sleeve, so detect the inside grout defect of sleeve from the concrete surface and be the difficult point that detects technical field. The sleeve designs of different diameters and different manufacturers are slightly different, the average section size of the grouting material in the inner cavity of the common sleeve is about 10mm, the minimum size is about 5mm, and the identification of the grouting defect below 10mm is very challenging for the concrete nondestructive testing technology.
At present, a plurality of scholars research that the internal defects of the sleeve are detected on the surface of concrete through ultrasonic waves, the influence of aggregate in the concrete is considered, the balance needs to be found on the ultrasonic frequency and the size of the identifiable minimum defect, the attenuation of high-frequency ultrasonic waves is fast, and the ultrasonic waves cannot be received; low frequency ultrasound cannot identify defects below the 10mm level. Due to the complexity of a detection object, the research progress of the nondestructive detection technology for detecting the grouting defect inside the sleeve by penetrating through the concrete through ultrasonic waves is slow, and the existing achievement can not meet the engineering use requirement.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method and a system for detecting the grouting fullness of a sleeve by an ultrasonic reflection method, which can accurately detect the grouting fullness in the assembled structural sleeve without embedding a sensor on the basis of not damaging the surface of a concrete member.
According to one aspect of the invention, a method for detecting the grouting fullness of a sleeve by an ultrasonic reflection method is provided, and comprises the following steps:
arranging a plurality of measuring points on the outer surface of a concrete member grouting sleeve protection layer along the length direction of the sleeve;
arranging an ultrasonic transducer with integrated or separated functions of exciting ultrasonic waves and receiving the ultrasonic waves at the measuring point;
after the ultrasonic transducer excites ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted in a concrete protective layer of the concrete member and a grouting sleeve, the ultrasonic waves are reflected at the interface between the concrete and the sleeve, the interface between the sleeve and grouting material and the like, when the grouting material is arranged in the sleeve, the ultrasonic waves are weakly reflected at the interface between the inner wall of the sleeve and the grouting material, and most of the ultrasonic waves are continuously transmitted; when no grouting material exists in the sleeve, the ultrasonic waves are strongly reflected at the interface between the inner wall of the sleeve and the air; the ultrasonic transducer receives a reflected wave signal;
and judging whether grouting material exists in the sleeve at the measuring points according to the signal intensity degree of the reflected wave at the inner wall of the sleeve, and judging the grouting fullness in the sleeve according to whether grouting material exists in the sleeve at the plurality of measuring points.
Preferably, the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is between 0.5MHz and 2 MHz.
Preferably, the signal strength of the reflected wave includes an amplitude of the reflected wave at the inner wall of the sleeve.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:
counting the reflected wave amplitude values of the inner wall of the sleeve with the same protective layer, the same specification and model and compact grouting, and determining the standard amplitude A of the reflected wave signalkTaking the critical amplitude A0＝K·AkThe value of the coefficient K is more than 1; the amplitude A and critical amplitude A of the reflected wave at the inner wall of the sleeve to be measured0Comparing, when A is larger than A0Judging that no grouting material exists in the sleeve at the measuring point; or,
by changing ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies or adjusting parameters of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving signals, the ultrasonic transducers cannot receive reflected wave signals at the inner wall of the sleeve when grouting materials exist inside the ultrasonic transducers, receive obvious reflected wave signals at the inner wall of the sleeve when no grouting materials exist inside the ultrasonic transducers, and judge that no grouting materials exist inside the sleeve at the measuring point when obvious reflected wave signals exist.
Preferably, a measuring line is arranged on the outer surface of the protective layer along the length direction of the sleeve, and a plurality of measuring points are sequentially arranged on the surface of the protective layer along the measuring line.
Preferably, the spacing between a plurality of said stations is from 5mm to 20 mm.
Preferably, the thickness of the protective layer is 15mm to 50 mm.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for detecting the grouting fullness of a sleeve by an ultrasonic reflection method, the system being used for the detection method, and comprising:
a concrete member;
a grout sleeve inside the concrete member;
the ultrasonic transducer has the functions of exciting ultrasonic waves and receiving the ultrasonic waves into a whole or in a split way;
and the sound wave transmitting, collecting and analyzing device is connected with the ultrasonic transducer and is used for controlling the ultrasonic transducer to transmit sound waves and collecting data for analyzing and judging.
Preferably, the thickness of the protective layer is 15mm to 50 mm.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
aiming at the defects in the prior art, the detection method directly arranges the measuring points on the surface of the concrete member by utilizing the transmission characteristic of the reflected wave when the grouting is not full under the condition of ultrasonic waves, does not need to pre-embed a sensor in advance, avoids the damage to the concrete protective layer, belongs to a nondestructive detection means, has simple operation steps, good applicability, intuitive detection result and high reliability, and can accurately judge the grouting fullness in the sleeve. Random spot inspection can be realized, and no repair measures are needed after the inspection is finished, so that the inspection efficiency is improved, and the implementation cost is reduced.
Drawings
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a concrete member in an inspection method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a concrete member in another embodiment of the inspection method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view showing the presence of grout inside the sleeve during inspection of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view showing the inspection process of FIG. 2 without grout inside the casing;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of a wire layout according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the measurement of the reflection wave signal at the full grouting area according to the detection method of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the measurement of reflected wave signals at an unslotted site according to the detection method of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an ultrasonic transducer; 2. a sound wave emission and collection analysis device; 3. a sleeve; 4. grouting ports; 5. a pulp outlet; 6. an upper reinforcing bar; 7. a lower reinforcing bar; 8. a concrete member.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.
According to the existing structural design specification, the thickness of the protective layer is generally between 15mm and 50mm, the grouting fullness of the sleeve can be detected only by paying attention to the transmission characteristics of ultrasonic waves in the range of the concrete protective layer and the sleeve, if the ultrasonic reflection signals are used for analyzing whether grouting materials exist in the sleeve, the ultrasonic transmission path is short, which is different from the traditional concrete internal defect detection that a low-frequency ultrasonic transducer is needed, and therefore, the identification of smaller defects can be realized by improving the excitation frequency of the ultrasonic transducer.
As is clear from the propagation characteristics of the wave, the sound pressure reflectance for the ultrasonic wave that is vertically incident:
wherein Z is1，Z2Respectively, the acoustic wave impedance values of the 1 st medium and the 2 nd medium.
When an ultrasonic wave propagates in a medium, the attenuation of its displacement amplitude with the propagation distance can be calculated according to the following formula:
A＝A0e-α(x)(2)
wherein A represents the displacement amplitude after propagating the x distance, A0Representing the initial amplitude, α (x) representing the attenuation coefficient of the medium.
In comparison, since the ultrasonic impedance of the concrete and the steel is relatively close, it can be known from the formula (1) that the ultrasonic reflection energy at the interface between the concrete and the steel is relatively small, and most of the ultrasonic wave continues to propagate into the grouting sleeve. If the sleeve is internally provided with the compact grouting material, the ultrasonic wave still takes transmission as the main part at the interface between the inner wall of the sleeve and the grouting material because the ultrasonic impedance of the steel and the grouting material is relatively close; if no grouting material exists in the sleeve, the ultrasonic wave is mainly reflected at the interface between the inner wall of the sleeve and the air because the impedance difference of the steel and the air is large, and the propagation path of a reflected wave head wave signal received by the transducer is approximately equal to 2 times of the sum of the thickness of the protective layer and the wall thickness of the sleeve. The attenuation of the high-frequency ultrasonic wave in the concrete is fast, the thickness of the member is far larger than that of the concrete protective layer, and the formula (2) shows that when grouting material is arranged in the sleeve, the amplitude of the first wave of the ultrasonic wave reflected signal is low, and even reflected wave information cannot be received; when no grouting material is arranged in the sleeve, the amplitude of the first wave of the received ultrasonic reflection signal is higher.
Based on the principle, referring to fig. 1 to 7, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a system for detecting grouting fullness of a sleeve by an ultrasonic reflection method. The detection method comprises the following steps:
in this example, the ultrasonic reflection method is used to detect the sleeve grouting fullness of a fabricated structure, which includes a concrete member 8, and a grouting sleeve 3 is embedded in the concrete member 8. The sleeve 3 injects grouting material from the grouting opening 4, the grouting material fills the inner space of the sleeve 3, and after the grouting material is solidified, the upper reinforcing steel bars 6 and the lower reinforcing steel bars 7 inserted into the sleeve 3 are connected, so that the reinforcement connection in the concrete member 9 is realized.
According to the design drawing shown in fig. 5, a shear wall concrete member 8 with grouting sleeves of different degrees of fullness embedded therein is manufactured. The measuring lines are arranged on the surface of the concrete element 8 along the length direction of the sleeve 3. The sleeve 3 in this embodiment is vertically arranged, and thus the length direction of the sleeve 3 is the vertical direction. Each measuring point is arranged on the sleeve 3 longitudinally along the measuring line in sequence, the ultrasonic transducer 1 is arranged at each measuring point, and the distance between the measuring points is 5-20 mm, for example 5mm, so that the detection is convenient, and the detection accuracy can be ensured.
According to the protection thickness and the wall thickness of the sleeve, high-frequency ultrasonic transducers with different working frequencies are selected, for example, transducers with the working frequency of 1.5MHz, and the ultrasonic transducers 1 with the functions of exciting ultrasonic waves and receiving ultrasonic waves which are integrated or separated are arranged at the measuring points, so that the field operation is facilitated, and the integral structure is simple.
After the ultrasonic transducer 1 excites ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the concrete member 8, high-frequency ultrasonic waves are reflected for the first time in a weak manner at the interface between the protective layer and the outer wall of the sleeve 3, the rest of the high-frequency ultrasonic waves are continuously transmitted in the sleeve 3, when dense grouting material is arranged in the sleeve 3, the ultrasonic waves are reflected for the second time in a weak manner at the interface between the inner wall of the sleeve 3 and the grouting material, and the rest of the high-frequency ultrasonic waves are still continuously transmitted, as shown in fig. 1 and 3; when no grouting material exists in the sleeve 3, the ultrasonic waves are strongly reflected at the interface between the inner wall of the sleeve 3 and the air, and at the moment, the main propagation path of the received ultrasonic wave reflected head wave signal is equal to 2 times of the sum of the wall thickness of the grouting sleeve and the thickness of the protective layer, as shown in fig. 2 and 4. Under the two conditions of grouting material and no grouting material in the sleeve, the difference of the reflected signals of the ultrasonic waves at the inner wall of the sleeve is large, so that whether grouting material exists in the sleeve 3 at the measuring point or not can be judged according to the strength of the received reflected wave signals. When grouting material is in the sleeve, the reflected signal received by the inner wall of the sleeve is weak, as shown in fig. 6; when there is no grouting material in the sleeve, the reflected signal received at the inner wall of the sleeve is stronger, as shown in fig. 7. And comprehensively judging the grouting fullness in the sleeve 3 according to whether grouting materials exist in the sleeve 3 at a plurality of measuring points.
In the embodiment, the reflected wave amplitude values of the positions, which are received by the inner wall of the sleeve, of the concrete member surfaces of the sleeve 3 which are embedded with the same protective layer, have the same specification and model and are densely grouted are counted, and the standard amplitude A of the reflected wave signals is determinedkTaking the critical amplitude A0＝1.2·Ak. The amplitude A of the reflected wave and the critical amplitude A at the measured position0Comparing, when A is larger than A0And judging that no grouting material exists in the sleeve 3 at the measuring point, and otherwise, judging that the grouting material exists in the sleeve 3 at the measuring point. And finally, comprehensively judging the grouting fullness of the sleeve 3 according to whether grouting materials exist in the sleeve 3 at the plurality of measuring points. Example (b)If half of the measuring points have grouting materials and half of the measuring points have no grouting materials, the grouting fullness is judged to be 50%.
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, the detection method of the invention directly arranges the detection device on the surface of the concrete member 8, does not need to arrange a sensor in advance, avoids the damage to the concrete protective layer, has simple operation steps, good applicability, intuitive detection result and high reliability, belongs to random nondestructive detection, and can accurately judge the grouting fullness degree in the sleeve 3. After the detection is finished, no repairing measure is needed, so that the detection efficiency is improved, and the implementation cost is reduced.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the embodiment of the present invention further discloses a system for detecting grouting fullness of a fabricated structural sleeve by an ultrasonic reflection method, which is used in the detection method, and the detection system includes:
a precast concrete member 8, inside which a grouting sleeve 3 is provided; the concrete protective layer is positioned on the radial outer side of the sleeve 3; the ultrasonic transducer 1 can excite ultrasonic waves and receive the ultrasonic waves; the sound wave emission and acquisition analysis device 2 is connected with the ultrasonic transducer 1 and is used for controlling the ultrasonic transducer 1 to emit sound waves and acquire data for analysis and judgment. The transmitting and collecting analysis device 2 is also used for recording the waveform of the reflected wave and analyzing and determining the amplitude of the reflected wave.
The concrete member 8 can be directly detected in the detection system, the surface of the concrete member 8 does not need to be damaged, a detection position or a pre-embedded sensor does not need to be reserved, and the detection efficiency is improved. And does not influence the safety and durability of the concrete member 8, and ensures the integrity of the structure.
Exemplary embodiments of the present invention are specifically illustrated and described above. It is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for detecting grouting fullness of a sleeve by an ultrasonic reflection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
arranging a plurality of measuring points on the outer surface of a concrete member grouting sleeve protection layer along the length direction of the sleeve;
arranging an ultrasonic transducer with the functions of exciting ultrasonic waves and receiving the ultrasonic waves at the measuring point;
after the ultrasonic transducer excites ultrasonic waves, the ultrasonic waves are transmitted in a concrete protective layer of the concrete member and a grouting sleeve, the ultrasonic waves are reflected at the interface between the concrete and the sleeve, the interface between the sleeve and grouting material and the like, when the grouting material is arranged in the sleeve, the ultrasonic waves are weakly reflected at the interface between the inner wall of the sleeve and the grouting material, and most of the ultrasonic waves are continuously transmitted; when no grouting material exists in the sleeve, the ultrasonic waves are strongly reflected at the interface between the inner wall of the sleeve and the air; the ultrasonic transducer receives a reflected wave signal;
and judging whether grouting material exists in the sleeve at the measuring points according to the signal intensity degree of the reflected wave at the inner wall of the sleeve, and judging the grouting fullness in the sleeve according to whether grouting material exists in the sleeve at the plurality of measuring points.
2. The method for detecting grouting fullness of a sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is between 0.5MHz and 2 MHz.
3. The method for detecting grouting fullness of a sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the signal strength of the reflected wave comprises the amplitude of the reflected wave at the inner wall of the sleeve.
4. The method for detecting the grouting fullness of the sleeve by the ultrasonic reflection method according to claim 2, further comprising the following steps:
counting the reflected wave amplitude values of the inner wall of the sleeve with the same protective layer, the same specification and model and compact grouting, and determining the standard amplitude A of the reflected wave signalkTaking the critical amplitude A0＝K·AkThe value of the coefficient K is more than 1; the amplitude A and critical amplitude A of the reflected wave at the inner wall of the sleeve to be measured0Comparing, when A is larger than A0Judging that no grouting material exists in the sleeve at the measuring point; or,
by changing ultrasonic transducers with different frequencies or adjusting parameters of ultrasonic transmitting and receiving signals, the ultrasonic transducers cannot receive reflected wave signals at the inner wall of the sleeve when grouting materials exist inside the ultrasonic transducers, receive obvious reflected wave signals at the inner wall of the sleeve when no grouting materials exist inside the ultrasonic transducers, and judge that no grouting materials exist inside the sleeve at the measuring point when obvious reflected wave signals exist.
5. The method for detecting the grouting fullness of the sleeve by the ultrasonic reflection method according to claim 1, wherein a measuring line is arranged on the outer surface of the protective layer along the length direction of the sleeve, and a plurality of measuring points are sequentially arranged on the surface of the protective layer along the measuring line.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the plurality of stations are spaced apart by a distance of 5mm to 20 mm.
7. The method for detecting grouting fullness of a sleeve according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the protective layer is 15mm to 50 mm.
8. A system for detecting the grouting fullness of a sleeve by an ultrasonic reflection method, which is used for the detection method of any one of claims 1 to 6, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a concrete member;
a grout sleeve inside the concrete member;
an ultrasonic transducer having functions of exciting ultrasonic waves and receiving the ultrasonic waves;
and the sound wave transmitting, collecting and analyzing device is connected with the ultrasonic transducer and is used for controlling the ultrasonic transducer to transmit sound waves and collecting data for analyzing and judging.
9. The system for ultrasonically reflectively detecting the grout fullness of a sleeve according to claim 7, wherein the protective layer has a thickness of 15mm to 50 mm.
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| CN111855811A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-30 | 贵州中建建筑科研设计院有限公司 | Method for testing grouting fullness of prefabricated concrete building component sleeve |
| CN112964861A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-06-15 | 上海市城市建设设计研究总院（集团）有限公司 | Intelligent grouting sleeve convenient for post-construction detection and construction detection method thereof |
| CN113252774A (en) * | 2021-06-07 | 2021-08-13 | 北京唯恩传感技术有限公司 | Detection system based on ultrasonic transduction |
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| CN113702504A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2021-11-26 | 广州建筑产业研究院有限公司 | Sleeve grouting fullness detection method and computer equipment |
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