CN109428131B - Maintenance method suitable for lithium ion battery energy storage system - Google Patents
Maintenance method suitable for lithium ion battery energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109428131B CN109428131B CN201710784286.0A CN201710784286A CN109428131B CN 109428131 B CN109428131 B CN 109428131B CN 201710784286 A CN201710784286 A CN 201710784286A CN 109428131 B CN109428131 B CN 109428131B
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a maintenance method of a lithium ion battery energy storage system, which comprises the steps of battery discreteness evaluation, system state evaluation, system dynamic maintenance, static maintenance, capacity calibration and the like, wherein battery units with the difference between a voltage value and an average voltage value exceeding the limit are classified as unqualified battery units, battery units with the difference between the voltage value and the average voltage value exceeding different limits at the end of charging or discharging are classified as battery units to be processed or unqualified battery units respectively, the battery units needing static maintenance are statically maintained, all unqualified battery units are replaced, and the capacity calibration is carried out or the unqualified battery units are degraded and used according to the standard working condition of the energy storage system. The invention can realize the detection and maintenance of the energy storage system, is beneficial to maintaining the good running state of the energy storage system, and is suitable for the energy storage system taking the lithium ion battery as an energy storage element and other similar energy storage systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a maintenance method suitable for a lithium ion battery energy storage system.
Background
Renewable new energy sources such as wind energy, solar energy and the like are an important direction for energy development, and have positive effects on solving energy shortage, protecting the environment and the like. However, solar energy and wind energy are used for power generation, and cannot keep up with the peak period of power utilization, energy storage is needed to solve the problem of time difference between power generation and power utilization, which is an important technical bottleneck restricting the development of new energy, and the key point is an energy storage technology for releasing the potential of renewable energy.
In recent years, a plurality of lithium ion battery chemical energy storage systems of different types are successively built in China, and the main task of the energy storage system is to meet the functional requirements of grid connection of wind power generation and solar power generation and provide electric power to a local power supply system according to the requirements of a power supply side. After years of grid-connected operation, the characteristics of safety in use, cycle life and the like of the lithium ion battery are considered, and the battery self attenuation and other reasons such as equipment aging and the like cannot work normally due to long-term use of part of energy storage battery systems. This not only influences normal work, more importantly needs to guarantee the security of lithium ion battery system itself under present state to quantify the degree that the energy storage system's work task can be accomplished to energy storage battery system's actual state.
In order to better utilize an energy storage system which operates for many years, reduce resource waste and improve system safety and use efficiency, the conventional energy storage system needs to be effectively maintained so as to keep a good operating state of the energy storage system and eliminate potential safety hazards in time, but at present, a place with a problem is usually checked only when the system fails and cannot operate, and an effective maintenance method is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a maintenance method suitable for a lithium ion battery energy storage system, which can realize the detection and maintenance of the energy storage system and is beneficial to maintaining the good running state of the energy storage system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a maintenance method of a lithium ion battery energy storage system comprises the following steps:
1) evaluation of battery discreteness: detecting the voltage of each battery unit of the system, and performing battery voltage discreteness evaluation according to the voltage detection result, wherein the battery unit is determined according to the actual situation and can be a single battery, a battery module or a battery box, and the difference between the voltage value and the average voltage value exceeds the corresponding unqualified voltage difference lower limit delta V0The battery unit is classified as a unqualified battery unit;
2) and (3) evaluating the system state: hardware composition, topological structure and battery box appearance of the manual detection system, detecting interface matching of PCS (Power Control System) and BMS (Battery Management System), detecting display and alarm functions of the system, and repairing or correcting problems;
3) and (3) dynamic maintenance of the system: carrying out charging and discharging tests of the system, and enabling the difference between the voltage value at the end of charging or the end of discharging and the average voltage value to exceed the corresponding qualified voltage difference upper limit delta V1The battery unit is listed as a battery unit to be processed, and the difference between the voltage value at the end of charging or discharging and the average voltage value exceeds the corresponding unqualified voltage difference lower limit delta V2The battery unit is classified as a unqualified battery unit;
4) static maintenance: comparing the battery unit to be processed determined in the step 3) with the average voltage value of the battery pack in which the battery unit is located, wherein the difference value is lower than the corresponding maintenance lower limit V1, the battery unit is not required to be processed and is regarded as a qualified battery unit, the difference value is located between the corresponding maintenance lower limit V1 and the corresponding maintenance upper limit V2, static maintenance is carried out, and the battery unit with the difference value exceeding the corresponding maintenance upper limit V2 is listed as an unqualified battery unit;
5) capacity calibration: and replacing all unqualified battery units, and performing capacity calibration according to the standard working condition of the energy storage system, or performing degraded use on the unqualified battery units, adjusting the charging and discharging voltage threshold value to the voltage value corresponding to the maintenance lower limit V1, and performing capacity calibration under the condition.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the detection and maintenance of the energy storage system are realized, unqualified battery units and battery units needing maintenance in the system can be found so as to be replaced or maintained in time, the running state of the system can be confirmed, and problems in the aspects of topological structure, battery box appearance, background running and the like can be found so as to be maintained and corrected; the capacity calibration can be carried out on the system after maintenance or replacement again, and the system is kept in an effective and good running state.
The method has reasonable flow design, provides conditions for subsequent dynamic maintenance and static maintenance by battery discreteness evaluation and system state evaluation, and is convenient to operate.
The invention can be used for the energy storage system of which the lithium ion battery is used as an energy storage element, and is also suitable for other similar energy storage systems.
Detailed Description
The maintenance method of the energy storage system of the lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
1) evaluation of battery discreteness: detecting the voltage of each battery unit of the system, performing battery voltage discreteness evaluation according to the voltage detection result, and enabling the difference between the voltage value and the average voltage value to exceed the corresponding unqualified voltage difference lower limit DeltaV0The battery unit is classified as a unqualified battery unit;
2) and (3) evaluating the system state: hardware composition, topological structure and battery box appearance of the manual detection system, detection of interface matching of the PCS and the BMS, display and alarm functions of the detection system and repair or correction of problems;
3) and (3) dynamic maintenance of the system: carrying out charging and discharging tests of the system, and enabling the difference between the voltage value at the end of charging or the end of discharging and the average voltage value to exceed the corresponding qualified voltage difference upper limit delta V1The battery unit is listed as a battery unit to be processed, and the difference between the voltage value at the end of charging or discharging and the average voltage value exceeds the corresponding unqualified voltage difference lower limit delta V2The battery unit is classified as a unqualified battery unit;
4) static maintenance: and carrying out static maintenance on the battery units needing the static maintenance.
All the battery units to be processed determined in the step 3) can be used as battery units needing static maintenance.
The battery unit to be processed determined in the step 3) can be further compared with the average voltage value of the battery pack where the battery unit to be processed is located, the difference value is lower than the corresponding maintenance lower limit V1, the battery unit is not required to be processed and is regarded as a qualified battery unit, the difference value is located between the corresponding maintenance lower limit V1 and the corresponding maintenance upper limit V2, static maintenance is carried out, and the battery unit with the difference value exceeding the corresponding maintenance upper limit V2 is classified as a unqualified battery unit;
5) capacity calibration: and replacing all unqualified battery units, and carrying out capacity calibration according to the standard working condition of the energy storage system, or carrying out degraded use on the unqualified battery units, adjusting the charging and discharging voltage threshold value to a lower threshold value V0, and carrying out capacity calibration under the condition.
The battery unit can be a single battery, a battery module or a battery box and is determined according to the actual condition of the energy storage system and the detection and maintenance requirements.
In the step 1), the unqualified voltage difference lower limit Δ V can be determined according to the performance requirement of the energy storage system and the characteristics of the battery unit0When the difference from the average voltage value exceeds the lower limit value, a mutual mismatch between the battery cells occurs, causing unnecessary internal consumption. The unqualified lower limit delta V of the voltage difference can be set according to actual needs0That is, the upper and lower voltage difference between the single battery voltage and the average voltage of the battery system is set to a certain range, within the range,can be left in the system for continuous use (including after maintenance), and if the range is exceeded, the single battery is not suitable for being left in the system for use (including after maintenance). The range may be the same or different for different systems or different use requirements, and may be determined according to the influence of the voltage characteristics of the single battery on the system, the system performance requirements and other factors.
The method comprises the steps of detecting a battery unit of an energy storage system, such as a single battery or a battery string consisting of a plurality of single batteries, and evaluating the battery state discreteness of the battery system according to a voltage detection result.
For example, for a common lithium battery, a preferred example is that the difference between the upper and lower voltage of the cell voltage of the energy storage system and the average voltage of the battery system exceeds 100mV, and the cell voltage has no value for continuous maintenance use in the system, and is not in the maintenance range and should be replaced, that is, for the lithium battery cell used in the energy storage system, the lower unqualified voltage difference limit Δ V0Is 100 mV.
And in the step 2), evaluating the state of the whole battery energy storage system, and detecting and confirming the function of the energy storage battery system. The method comprises the following steps:
checking the topological structure of the energy storage system, the composition of the battery clusters and the battery box, and judging whether the connection and the corresponding relation of each battery cluster in the energy storage system are normal or not;
checking the state of the battery box, including the appearance of the battery box, the internal battery module and the electrical characteristics of the battery monomer;
the PCS and the BMS are matched, and the system can normally operate in subsequent debugging;
and checking the working state of the background data processing system to ensure that the state of the system can be displayed and alarmed in the running and debugging process of the system.
And 3) after ensuring that all relevant aspects of the system are in good states through the step 2), carrying out charge and discharge tests on the energy storage battery system, wherein the test working condition adopts the daily operation working condition of the energy storage system.
And recording parameters such as voltage, current and temperature of the battery.
According to the batteryCharacteristic, empirical, etc., and measuring the difference (referred to as voltage difference) between the voltage of each cell and the average value of the voltages of the system cells at the end of charge (charge end point) when the voltage difference exceeds a predetermined upper limit Δ V1But does not exceed the unqualified lower voltage difference limit DeltaV2The voltage data of the relevant battery unit is recorded according to the magnitude of the voltage difference and is used as the battery unit to be processed, and the voltage difference exceeds the preset unqualified voltage difference lower limit delta V2The battery cell of (2) is marked as a defective battery cell.
After the end point of discharge is determined based on battery characteristics, experience, or the like, the difference (temporarily referred to as a voltage difference) between the voltage of each cell and the average value of the voltages of the system cells is measured at the end point of discharge (end point of discharge), and the voltage difference exceeds a predetermined acceptable voltage difference upper limit DeltaV1But does not exceed the unqualified lower voltage difference limit DeltaV2The voltage data of the relevant battery unit is recorded according to the magnitude of the voltage difference and is used as the battery unit to be processed, and the voltage difference exceeds the preset unqualified voltage difference lower limit delta V2The battery cell of (2) is marked as a defective battery cell.
In the step 4), the battery unit to be processed recorded in the step 3) may be directly maintained as a battery unit to be maintained, or may be further subdivided, specifically, the battery unit to be processed is compared with an average voltage in a battery pack (determined according to a system architecture) in which the battery unit to be processed is located, and a subdivision standard, that is, a maintenance lower limit V1 and a maintenance upper limit V2, is determined, where a difference value smaller than V1 does not require maintenance, and is regarded as a qualified product to be continuously used, and a difference value larger than V2 does not require maintenance, and is used as an unqualified battery unit to be replaced, where the difference value is between V1 and V2, to perform static maintenance.
The static maintenance method may be: discharging and maintaining the battery units with high voltage, adjusting the voltage of the battery units to a value below the average voltage of the system, wherein the adjustment range can be determined according to actual needs, and the factors such as performance, cost and the like are comprehensively considered, for example, deltV can be preferably between 5 and 15 mV; the low voltage cells are maintained charged and the voltage is adjusted to a value above the average voltage of the system, preferably with an adjustment range deltV of between 5 and 15 mV.
And after the static maintenance discharge or charge is finished, standing for 1-3 days, performing self-discharge of the battery unit, detecting the voltage change of the battery unit, and classifying the battery unit with high self-discharge rate as a unqualified battery unit.
The self-discharge rate is also called charge retention capacity, and refers to the retention capacity of the electric quantity stored in the battery under a certain condition when the battery is in an open circuit state. Mainly influenced by factors such as battery manufacturing process, materials, storage conditions and the like. The battery is an important parameter for measuring the performance of the battery, and aiming at the battery of a maintenance system, the self-discharge rate of the battery is higher than that of a new battery core due to the use time and environment, the service life of the battery is reduced, and the internal resistance is increased. However, the attenuation degrees of the battery cores of the same energy storage system are consistent, the self-discharge characteristics are not greatly different, standing is carried out for 1-3 days, monomer voltage data are recorded, and the battery cores with large voltage data changes are replaced.
In the step 5), according to the application condition of the energy storage system, the following two methods are adopted for processing:
5.1) replacing the unqualified battery units determined in each step, maintaining the battery units needing to be maintained, and calibrating the capacity of the maintained system according to the standard working condition of the energy storage system, wherein the actual capacity value is basically the same as the rated capacity value;
and 5.2) degrading and using the unqualified battery units determined in each step, adjusting the threshold value of the charging and discharging voltage of the battery units to a lower threshold value V0 in the charging and discharging process, wherein the threshold value V0 is determined to ensure that the battery system can continuously and stably work, and in this case, the capacity calibration value is smaller than the rated capacity of the system but is ensured to be within the capacity range required by the operation of the corresponding energy storage system.
The above embodiments only express a certain specific embodiment of the present invention, and the description is specific and detailed, but it should not be understood that the invention is limited to the claims, and all equivalent structures made by the content of the present specification, or other related technical fields, which are directly or indirectly applied, are included in the scope of the present invention.
The technical means disclosed by the invention can be combined arbitrarily to form a plurality of different technical schemes except for special description and the further limitation that one technical means is another technical means.
Claims (8)
1. A maintenance method of a lithium ion battery energy storage system comprises the following steps:
evaluation of battery discreteness: detecting the voltage of each battery unit of the system, performing battery voltage discreteness evaluation according to the voltage detection result, and enabling the difference between the voltage value and the average voltage value to exceed the corresponding unqualified voltage difference lower limit DeltaV0The battery unit is classified as a unqualified battery unit;
and (3) evaluating the system state: hardware composition, topological structure and battery box appearance of the manual detection system, detection of interface matching of the PCS and the BMS, display and alarm functions of the detection system and repair or correction of problems;
and (3) dynamic maintenance of the system: the daily operation working condition of the energy storage system is adopted to carry out charging and discharging tests of the system, and the difference between the voltage value and the average voltage value at the end of charging or discharging exceeds the corresponding qualified voltage difference upper limit delta V1The battery unit is listed as a battery unit to be processed, and the difference between the voltage value at the end of charging or discharging and the average voltage value exceeds the corresponding unqualified voltage difference lower limit delta V2The battery unit is classified as a unqualified battery unit;
static maintenance: carrying out static maintenance on the battery unit needing static maintenance: comparing the battery unit to be processed determined in the step 3) with the average voltage value of the battery pack in which the battery unit is located, wherein the difference value is lower than the corresponding maintenance lower limit V1, the battery unit is not required to be processed and is regarded as a qualified battery unit, the difference value is between the corresponding maintenance lower limit V1 and the maintenance upper limit V2, static maintenance is carried out, the battery unit with the difference value exceeding the corresponding maintenance upper limit V2 is listed as a unqualified battery unit, and the static maintenance method comprises the following steps: discharging and maintaining the battery unit with high voltage, and adjusting the voltage of the battery unit to be a value below the average voltage of the system; charging and maintaining the battery unit with low voltage, and adjusting the voltage to a value above the average voltage of the system;
capacity calibration: and replacing all unqualified battery units, and performing capacity calibration according to the standard working condition of the energy storage system, or performing degraded use on the unqualified battery units, adjusting the charging and discharging voltage threshold value to the voltage value corresponding to the maintenance lower limit V1, and performing capacity calibration under the condition.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the battery unit is a battery cell, a battery module, or a battery box.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 1), the lower rejected voltage difference limit Δ V is set for the lithium battery cell0Is 100 mV.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) comprises:
checking the topological structure of the energy storage system, the composition of the battery clusters and the battery box, and judging whether the connection and the corresponding relation of each battery cluster in the energy storage system are normal or not;
checking the state of the battery box, including the appearance of the battery box, the internal battery module and the electrical characteristics of the battery monomer;
the PCS and the BMS are matched, and the system can normally operate in subsequent debugging;
and checking the working state of the background data processing system to ensure that the state of the system can be displayed and alarmed in the running and debugging process of the system.
5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step 3) it is ensured that the system-related aspects are in good condition.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein in step 3), battery voltage, current and temperature are recorded.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the voltage regulation amplitude deltV of the discharging maintenance and the charging maintenance is between 5 and 15 mV.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein after the completion of the discharging or charging for the static maintenance, the battery cell is left to stand for 1 to 3 days to perform the self-discharging of the battery cell, the change in the voltage of the battery cell is detected, and the battery cell having a high self-discharging rate is classified as a defective battery cell.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710784286.0A CN109428131B (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2017-09-04 | Maintenance method suitable for lithium ion battery energy storage system |
| PCT/CN2018/082336 WO2019041816A1 (en) | 2017-09-04 | 2018-04-09 | Maintenance method suitable for lithium ion battery energy storage system |
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| CN112490516B (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2021-12-07 | 上海汽车集团股份有限公司 | Power battery maintenance mode generation system and method |
| CN110556599A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2019-12-10 | 浙江工业大学 | Method for maintaining deteriorated battery in service process of energy storage battery pack |
| CN117438678B (en) * | 2023-12-20 | 2024-04-02 | 广东省锐驰新能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage battery safety maintenance management system based on artificial intelligence |
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| CN101907688A (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2010-12-08 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Method for detecting electrical property consistency of lithium ion battery |
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| CN101714675A (en) * | 2009-11-26 | 2010-05-26 | 林伯璋 | Battery pack balancing system and method |
| KR20160071929A (en) * | 2014-12-12 | 2016-06-22 | 현대오트론 주식회사 | Battery management system |
| CN205427156U (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2016-08-03 | 陈宇星 | Free fault detection device of battery |
| JP6428545B2 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2018-11-28 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Electric vehicle |
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| JP2002246073A (en) * | 2001-02-20 | 2002-08-30 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Abnormality detection device for set battery |
| CN101907688A (en) * | 2010-08-02 | 2010-12-08 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Method for detecting electrical property consistency of lithium ion battery |
| CN103645444A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-03-19 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Mode principle based battery consistency online evaluation method and detection circuit |
| CN105576318A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-05-11 | 上海电力学院 | Multi-parameter comprehensive determination method for determining consistency of electric automobile retired lithium batteries |
| CN106785178A (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2017-05-31 | 许继电源有限公司 | Battery modules recycle detection, screening method for group matching and device |
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