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CN109417196A - Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and lithium secondary battery comprising same - Google Patents

Nonaqueous electrolyte solution and lithium secondary battery comprising same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109417196A
CN109417196A CN201880002743.9A CN201880002743A CN109417196A CN 109417196 A CN109417196 A CN 109417196A CN 201880002743 A CN201880002743 A CN 201880002743A CN 109417196 A CN109417196 A CN 109417196A
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formula
electrolytic solution
nonaqueous electrolytic
weight
oligomer
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CN109417196B (en
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李正勳
安庆昊
李哲行
吴正友
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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LG Chem Ltd
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    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
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    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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Abstract

本发明涉及非水电解液和包括所述非水电解液的锂二次电池，所述非水电解液包括非水有机溶剂、锂盐、和本说明书中所描述的由式1表示的低聚物。由于根据本发明实施方式的非水电解液可以减少在高温存储期间二次电池中产生的诸如CO或CO2之类的气体，因此可以进一步改善锂二次电池的高温稳定性。

The present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte solution including a non-aqueous organic solvent, a lithium salt, and an oligomer represented by Formula 1 described in this specification and a lithium secondary battery including the non-aqueous electrolyte solution thing. Since the non-aqueous electrolyte solution according to the embodiment of the present invention can reduce gas such as CO or CO 2 generated in the secondary battery during high temperature storage, the high temperature stability of the lithium secondary battery can be further improved.

Description

Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and lithium secondary battery including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution
Technical field
Cross reference to related applications
This application claims the South Korea patent application 2017- submitted on January 12nd, 2017 in Korean Intellectual Property Office No. 0005598 and submitted on January 12nd, 2018 in Korean Intellectual Property Office South Korea patent application the 2018-0004664th Equity, the disclosure of above-mentioned patent application combined herein as a whole by quoting.
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nonaqueous electrolytic solutions including oligomer additive, and the secondary electricity of the lithium including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution Pond.
Background technique
Recently, growing to the interest of energy storage technology.In particular, energy storage technology application extension to mobile phone, camera shooting Machine, laptop, even electric car while, develop energy storage technology research and make great efforts be done step-by-step.
Electrochemical appliance is of greatest concern in technical field of energy storage, and to the chargeable secondary electricity in these electrochemical appliances Pond produces interest.
In secondary cell used at present, attract attention in the lithium secondary battery of early development the 1990s, because It can operating voltage with higher and significant higher energy density for lithium secondary battery.
Lithium secondary battery includes: anode；Cathode；Partition between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is set；And it is molten comprising electrolyte Nonaqueous electrolytic solution including agent and electrolytic salt.
Since electrolyte solvent decomposes at the electrode surface during the charging and discharging of battery, or by Carbon anode (co-intercalation) is embedded in altogether between layer and collapses negative pole structure, therefore electrolyte solvent may make the steady of battery Qualitative reduction.
It is well known that this limitation can by solid electrolyte interface (solid electrolyte interface, SEI) film solves, which is formed in the surface of cathode by the reduction reaction of electrolyte solvent during battery initial charge On.
However, due to electrochemical energy and thermal energy, SEI film may when lithium secondary battery is in hot environment or runs It can be easy to collapse over time.In the case where SEI film collapses, cathode is exposed, and is born in exposed Such as CO, CO are generated while pole is reacted with electrolyte2、CH4And C2H6Etc gas, to constantly cause side reaction.
As a result, leading to internal short-circuit of battery and cell deformation (such as battery swelling since cell internal pressure increases (swelling)), it may occur however that batteries caught fire or explosion.
Recently, it has been proposed that addition is used to form the additive of SEI film to prevent SEI film from collapsing in nonaqueous electrolytic solution Method.However, another limitation finally occurs, it is, causing during pyroreaction due to electrolysis additive just When electrolyte oxidation reaction occurring in pole surface, the irreversible capacity of secondary cell increases and output characteristics reduces.
In order to solve these limitations, need to develop nonaqueous electrolytic solution that the gas during can reducing high temperature storage generates and Lithium secondary battery.
Existing technical literature
South Korea patent application is pending to disclose No. 2009-0015859
Summary of the invention
Technical problem
The present invention is provided to solve these problems.
An aspect of of the present present invention provides a kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution that gas during can reducing high temperature storage generates.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of lithium secondary battery, and wherein high temperature storing stabilization is by including described non-aqueous Electrolyte and improved.
Technical solution
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution is provided, comprising:
Lithium salts；Non-aqueous organic solvent；With
The oligomer indicated by formula 1 is as additive:
[formula 1]
Wherein, in formula 1,
R1To R3It is each independently the substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene of fluorine with 1 to 4 carbon atom, R4And R5Respectively It independently is aliphatic hydrocarbyl or aryl radical,
R6And R7It is each independently the alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atom, or
R8And R9It is each independently the alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atom, or
In this case, R10For aliphatic hydrocarbyl or aryl radical,
R11For the alkylidene with 1 to 3 carbon atom,
R12For hydrogen or the alkyl with 1 to 2 carbon atom,
The integer that n is 1 to 70, and
M is integer of 1 to 3.
In the oligomer indicated by formula 1, aliphatic hydrocarbyl may include alicyclic hydrocarbon radical or straight-chain alkyl.
Alicyclic hydrocarbon radical may include selected from least one of the group being made of following group: have 4 to 20 carbon atoms Substituted or unsubstituted secondary naphthenic base；There is the substituted or unsubstituted of 4 to 20 carbon atoms comprising isocyanate group (NCO) Secondary naphthenic base；Substituted or unsubstituted secondary cycloalkenyl with 4 to 20 carbon atoms；With the substitution with 2 to 20 carbon atoms Or unsubstituted secondary Heterocyclylalkyl.
Straight-chain alkyl may include selected from least one of the group being made of following group: have 1 to 20 carbon atom Substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene；Substituted or unsubstituted time with 1 to 20 carbon atom comprising isocyanate group (NCO) Alkyl；Substituted or unsubstituted secondary alkoxy with 1 to 20 carbon atom；Substitution with 2 to 20 carbon atoms does not take The secondary alkenyl in generation；With the substituted or unsubstituted secondary alkynyl with 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
In addition, in the oligomer indicated by formula 1, aryl radical can include: substitution with 6 to 20 carbon atoms or not The secondary aromatic radical replaced；Or the secondary heteroaryl perfume base with 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
Specifically, may include the oligomer indicated by following formula 1a by the oligomer that formula 1 indicates.
[formula 1a]
In formula 1a,
R4And R5Aliphatic hydrocarbyl is each independently,
R8And R9It is each independently
R10For aliphatic hydrocarbyl, R11For the alkylidene with 1 to 3 carbon atom,
R12For hydrogen or the alkyl with 1 to 2 carbon atom,
The integer that n is 10 to 20, and
The integer that m is 1 to 2.
Specifically, may include the oligomer indicated by following formula 1a-1 by the oligomer that formula 1a is indicated.
[formula 1a-1]
In formula 1a-1,
The integer that n is 10 to 20.
In nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the invention, the oligomer indicated by formula 1 can be based on the total of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution The amount of 0.5 weight % to the 20 weight % of weight are included, such as the amount of 1 weight % to 10 weight % are included.
In addition, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the oligomer indicated by formula 1 can be 1,000g/mol to 10,000g/mol, tool It is body 3,000g/mol to 8,000g/mol, and more specifically 3,000g/mol to 5,000g/mol.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of lithium secondary battery is provided, comprising: cathode；Anode；Setting is in cathode and just Partition between pole；And
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the invention.
Beneficial effect
Embodiment according to the present invention, can be by including that there is the oligomer of specific structure to prepare as additive For the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of lithium secondary battery, which can be reduced generates in secondary cell during high temperature storage Gas, such as CO or CO2.In addition, a kind of lithium secondary battery can be prepared, wherein high temperature storing stabilization is by including described non-aqueous Electrolyte and improved.
Detailed description of the invention
The following drawings for investing specification illustrates the preferred embodiment of the present invention by example, and combines and be given below Detailed description of the invention, technical concept of the invention can be made to be further understood, therefore the present invention should not only use this Item in a little attached drawings is explained.
Fig. 1 is shown in test example 1 of the invention, during the high temperature storage of lithium secondary battery, thickness increment rate The curve graph of the measurement result of (%).
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in further detail.
It will be appreciated that the term or word used in the specification and claims should not be construed as in common dictionary The meaning of restriction.It will be further appreciated that based on inventor the meaning of term or word can be defined suitably most preferably to solve Principle of the invention is released, these term or words should be interpreted as having the background with technical concept of the invention and the relevant technologies Under the consistent meaning of meaning.
Except being otherwise noted in non-present invention, symbol " * " indicate the identical or different atom being connected between formula both ends or Part.
In an embodiment of the invention, a kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution is provided, comprising:
Lithium salts；
Non-aqueous organic solvent；With
The oligomer indicated by following formula 1 is as additive.
[formula 1]
In formula 1,
R1To R3It is each independently the substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene of fluorine with 1 to 4 carbon atom,
R4And R5It is each independently aliphatic hydrocarbyl or aryl radical,
R6And R7It is each independently the alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atom, or
R8And R9It is each independently the alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atom, or
R10For aliphatic hydrocarbyl or aryl radical,
R11For the alkylidene with 1 to 3 carbon atom,
R12For hydrogen or the alkyl with 1 to 2 carbon atom,
The integer that n is 1 to 70, and
M is integer of 1 to 3.
In this case, in the oligomer indicated by formula 1, aliphatic hydrocarbyl may include alicyclic hydrocarbon radical or straight-chain alkyl.
Alicyclic hydrocarbon radical may include selected from least one of the group being made of following group: have 4 to 20 carbon atoms Substituted or unsubstituted secondary naphthenic base；There is the substituted or unsubstituted of 4 to 20 carbon atoms comprising isocyanate group (NCO) Secondary naphthenic base；Substituted or unsubstituted secondary cycloalkenyl with 4 to 20 carbon atoms；With the substitution with 2 to 20 carbon atoms Or unsubstituted secondary Heterocyclylalkyl.
Straight-chain alkyl may include selected from least one of the group being made of following group: have 1 to 20 carbon atom Substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene；Substituted or unsubstituted time with 1 to 20 carbon atom comprising isocyanate group (NCO) Alkyl；Substituted or unsubstituted secondary alkoxy with 1 to 20 carbon atom；Substitution with 2 to 20 carbon atoms does not take The secondary alkenyl in generation；With the substituted or unsubstituted secondary alkynyl with 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
In addition, in the oligomer indicated by formula 1, aryl radical can include: substitution with 6 to 20 carbon atoms or not The secondary aromatic radical replaced；Or the secondary heteroaryl perfume base with 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
Specifically, may include the oligomer indicated by following formula 1a by the oligomer that formula 1 indicates.
[formula 1a]
In formula 1a,
R4And R5Aliphatic hydrocarbyl is each independently,
R8And R9It is each independently
R10For aliphatic hydrocarbyl, R11For the alkylidene with 1 to 3 carbon atom,
R12For hydrogen or the alkyl with 1 to 2 carbon atom,
The integer that n is 10 to 20, and
The integer that m is 1 to 2.
Specifically, may include the oligomer indicated by following formula 1a-1 by the oligomer that formula 1a is indicated.
[formula 1a-1]
In formula 1a-1,
The integer that n is 10 to 20.
Since the oligomer of the additive for being used as nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the invention indicated by formula 1 includes as hydrophobic portion The fluorine-substituted ethylidine divided, and the acrylate-based functional group of crosslinking can be formed at both ends itself as hydrophilic segment, Therefore the oligomer plays the role of surfactant (surfactant) in the battery, so as to reduce the table of electrode interface Surface resistance.Therefore, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution including the oligomer indicated by formula 1 can have the wetting effect more improved.This Outside, since the oligomer that formula 1 indicates has the ability of dissociation lithium salts, it can improve lithium ionic mobility.Specifically, Since the oligomer indicated by formula 1 includes with high electrochemical stability and to have the fluorine-substituted of hypoergia with lithium (Li) ion Repetitive unit of the ethylidine as main chain, therefore it can control lithium ion (Li+) side reaction and lithium salts (salt) decomposition Reaction, therefore, it is possible to reduce such as CO or CO during overcharge or during high temperature storage2Etc gas generation.Therefore, Since the oligomer indicated by formula 1 can prevent the generation of cell deformation or internal short-circuit of battery, so indicating oligomeric by formula 1 Object can improve the high temperature storing stabilization of lithium secondary battery.
Embodiment according to the present invention, the oligomer indicated by formula 1 as non-water electrolytic solution additive can be with base Included in the amount of 0.5 weight % to the 20 weight % of the total weight of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution, such as 1 weight % to 10 weight % Amount included.
In the case where the amount of additive is less than 0.5 weight %, the effect for reducing gas generation may not be significant, and And in the case where the amount of additive is greater than 20 weight %, since excessive oligomer causes resistance to increase, cycle characteristics It may reduce.
In addition, embodiment according to the present invention, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the oligomer indicated by formula 1 can pass through weight The number of multiple unit controls, and can in the range of about 1,000g/mol to about 10,000g/mol, in particular 3, 000g/mol to 8,000g/mol, and more specifically 3,000g/mol to 5,000g/mol.
The weight average molecular weight of the oligomer within the above range in the case where, can anode and cathode surface on It is effectively formed protective layer.If the weight average molecular weight of the oligomer is less than 1,000g/mol, due to that can control electrolyte The number of fluorine-substituted repetitive unit of side reaction reduce, therefore inhibit the effect of the side reaction between electrode and electrolyte can It can reduce.In addition, if the weight average molecular weight of the oligomer is greater than 10,000g/mol, due to the physics of oligomer itself Property becomes rigidity (rigid) and reduces to the compatibility of electrolyte solvent, therefore not only dissolution is difficult, but also due to high score Son amount causes the viscosity of prepared electrolyte also to dramatically increase.Therefore, wetability of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution in electrode and partition It may decline, and correspondingly, the overall performance of lithium secondary battery may deteriorate.
Weight average molecular weight can refer to through gel permeation chromatography (Gel Permeation Chromatography:GPC) The standard polystyren equivalent value of measurement, also, unless otherwise indicated, molecular weight can refer to weight average molecular weight.For example, In the present invention, GPC condition is as follows: using the 1200 measurement series weight average molecular weight of Agilent Technologies, this In the case of the PL mixing B column of Agilent Technologies can be used, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) can be used as molten Agent.
Any lithium salts used in the electrolytic salt for lithium secondary battery can be used as without restriction according to the present invention Included lithium salts in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of embodiment, also, for example, lithium salts may include Li+As cation, and can wrap It includes selected from by F-、Cl-、Br-、I-、NO3 -、N(CN)2 -、BF4 -、ClO4 -、AlO4 -、AlCl4 -、PF6 -、SbF6 -、AsF6 -、BF2C2O4 -、 BC4O8 -、(CF3)2PF4 -、(CF3)3PF3 -、(CF3)4PF2 -、(CF3)5PF-、(CF3)6P-、CF3SO3 -、C4F9SO3 -、CF3CF2SO3 -、 (CF3SO2)2N-、(F2SO2)2N-、CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-、(CF3SO2)2CH-、CF3(CF2)7SO3 -、CF3CO2 -、CH3CO2 -、SCN-、 (CF3CF2SO2)2N-At least one of group of composition is used as anion.It can be used a kind of or if necessary in them The mixture of two or more as lithium salts.In the electrolytic solution, lithium salts can suitably change in usual usable range, but Specifically can be included with the concentration of 0.8M to 2M, for example, 0.8M to 1.5M, forms anti-corrosion film to obtain at the electrode surface Optimum efficiency.
In addition, there is no limit only for non-aqueous organic solvent included in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of embodiment according to the present invention Wanting it can make to be minimized during the charging and discharging of secondary cell by the decomposition caused by oxidation reaction and can be with additive It display together out desired characteristic, also, for example, the ether solvent that can be used alone, esters solvent or amide solvent, or can To use the mixture of two or more in them as non-aqueous organic solvent.
As the ether solvent in these organic solvents, can be used any one in the group being made of following compound Kind: dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, ethyl methyl ether, metopryl and ethylene-propylene ether or the mixing of two or more in them Object, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In addition, esters solvent may include selected from by cyclic carbonate compound, linear carbonate compound, linear ester chemical combination At least one of the group that object and cyclic ester compounds are constituted compound.
Among these compounds, the specific example of cyclic carbonate compound can be selected from being made of following compound Any one in group: ethylene carbonate (ethylene carbonate, EC), propene carbonate (propylene Carbonate, PC), carbonic acid 1,2- butene esters, carbonic acid 2,3- butene esters, carbonic acid 1,2- amylene ester, carbonic acid 2,3- amylene ester, carbon Sour vinylene and fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) or the mixture of two or more in them.
In addition, the specific example of linear carbonate compound can be it is any in the group being made of following compound It is a kind of: dimethyl carbonate (dimethyl carbonate, DMC), diethyl carbonate (diethyl carbonate, DEC), carbon Sour dipropyl, methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate and ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester or the mixing of two or more in them Object, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The specific example of linear ester compound can be any one in the group being made of following compound: acetic acid Methyl esters, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate and butyl propionate or two kinds in them or More kinds of mixtures, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The specific example of cyclic ester compounds can be any one in the group being made of following compound: γ- Butyrolactone, gamma-valerolactone, γ-hexalactone, δ-valerolactone and 6-caprolactone or the mixing of two or more in them Object, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
In esters solvent, due to cyclic carbonates compound as high viscosity organic solvent, because high dielectric constant it So dissociating the lithium salts in electrolyte well, therefore preferably use cyclic carbonates compound.When above-mentioned cyclic annular carbon Linear carbonate class compound (such as dimethyl carbonate and carbonic acid diethyl of acid esters compound and low viscosity, low-k Ester) and straight chain ester type compound when being blended in the proper ratio, it can further prepare the electrolyte with high conductivity.
If desired, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution for lithium secondary battery of embodiment can further comprise volume according to the present invention Outer additive.As can additional additive used in this invention, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluorine It can be used alone for ethylene carbonate, cyclic sulfite, saturated sultone, unsaturated sultone and non-annularity sulfone, or with The mixture of two or more in them carry out using.
In this case, cyclic sulfite may include ethylene sulfite, methyl ethylene sulfite, ethyl sulfurous Vinyl acetate, 4,5- dimethyl ethylene sulfite, 4,5- diethyl ethylene sulfite, propylene sulfite, 4,5- diformazan Base propylene sulfite, 4,5- diethyl propylene sulfite, 4,6- dimethyl propylene sulfite, 4,6- diethyl sulfurous acid Acrylic ester and 1,3-BDO sulfite, saturated sultone may include 1,3-propane sultone and Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-butane sultone, no Saturated sultone may include ethene sultone, 1,3- propene sultone, 1,4- butene sultone and 1- methyl-1, in 3- propylene sulphur Ester, non-annularity sulfone may include divinylsulfone, dimethyl sulfone, diethyl sulfone, Methylethyl sulfone and methyl ethylene sulfone.
Additional additive can be carried out with the mixture of two or more in the compound using and can be with Amount with 0.01 weight % of the total weight based on the electrolyte or 5 weight % is included, specifically with 0.01 weight % to 3 The amount of weight % is included, and is more specifically included with the amount of 0.05 weight % to 3 weight %.If additional additive Measure the low temperature output for then improving battery less than 0.01 weight % and improvement high-temperature storage characteristics and the effect of life characteristics at high temperature not Significantly, also, if the amount of additional additive is greater than 5 weight %, during the charging and discharging of battery, in electrolyte Side reaction may excessively occur.Particularly, since when additional additive is excessively added, additional additive is at high temperature It cannot sufficiently decompose, so at room temperature, additional additive may be present in electricity as unreacted material or sediment It solves in liquid.Accordingly, it is possible to side reaction can occur, the wherein service life of secondary cell or resistance characteristic deterioration.
In addition, in embodiments of the present invention, providing a kind of lithium secondary battery, comprising: anode；Cathode；It is arranged just Partition between pole and cathode；And
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the invention.
Specifically, lithium secondary battery of the invention can by by nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the invention be injected by anode, It is prepared in the electrode assembly of the partition composition of cathode and setting between a positive electrode and a negative electrode.In this case, in lithium two Those of usually used anode, cathode and partition are all used as constituting the electrode assembly just in the preparation of primary cell Pole, cathode and partition.
Anode can be prepared by forming positive electrode mixed layer in anode current collector.Positive electrode mixed layer can pass through Prepared by following manner: being collected with the anode sizing agent coating anode including positive electrode active materials, adhesive, conductive agent and the solvent including Electric appliance, is then dried coated anode current collector and roll-in.
Anode current collector is not particularly limited, as long as its is conductive and do not cause undesirable chemical change in the battery , also, for example, can be used stainless steel, aluminium, nickel, titanium, calcining carbon or through one of carbon, nickel, titanium, silver or the like surface at The aluminium or stainless steel managed.
Positive electrode active materials are the compounds that can be reversibly embedded in removal lithium embedded, and wherein positive electrode active materials specifically may be used Lithium complex metal oxide including the metal comprising lithium and at least one such as cobalt, manganese, nickel or aluminium etc.Specifically, lithium is multiple Close metal oxide can include: lithium manganese-base oxide is (for example, LiMnO2、LiMn2O4Deng)；Lithium cobalt base oxide (for example, LiCoO2Deng)；Lithium nickel-based oxide is (for example, LiNiO2Deng)；Lithium nickel manganese-base oxide is (for example, LiNi1-YMnYO2(wherein 0 < Y < 1)、LiMn2-ZNiZO4(wherein 0 < Z < 2) etc.)；Lithium nickel cobalt base oxide is (for example, LiNi1-Y1CoY1O2(wherein 0 < Y1 < 1))；Lithium Manganese cobalt base oxide is (for example, LiCo1-Y2MnY2O2(wherein 0 < Y2 < 1), LiMn2-Z1CoZ1O4(wherein 0 < Z1 < 2) etc.)；Lithium nickel manganese Cobalt base oxide is (for example, Li (NipCoqMnr1)O2(wherein 0 < p < 1,0 < q < 1,0 < r1 < 1, and p+q+r1=1) or Li (Nip1Coq1Mnr2)O4(wherein 0 < p1 < 2,0 < q1 < 2,0 < r2 < 2, and p1+q1+r2=2) etc.)；Or lithium nickel cobalt transition metal (M) Oxide is (for example, Li (Nip2Coq2Mnr3Ms2)O2(wherein M be selected from by aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), The group that tantalum (Ta), magnesium (Mg) and molybdenum (Mo) are constituted, and p2, q2, r3 and s2 are the atomic fractions of each independent element, wherein 0 < p2 < 1,0 < q2 < 1,0 < r3 < 1,0 < S2 < 1, and p2+q2+r3+s2=1) etc.), and may include any one or they in them In the mixture of two or more.
In these materials, for the capacity characteristic and stability that improve battery, lithium complex metal oxide may include LiCoO2、LiMnO2、LiNiO2, lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide is (for example, Li (Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3)O2、Li(Ni0.6Mn0.2Co0.2)O2、 Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O2、Li(Ni0.7Mn0.15Co0.15)O2Or Li (Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1)O2)；Or lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (for example, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2Deng).
Positive electrode active materials can be with the 80 weight % to 99.5 weights of the total weight based on the solid content in anode sizing agent The amount of amount % is included, for example, the amount of 85 weight % to 95 weight % are included.
In the case where the amount of positive electrode active materials is 80 weight % or situation below, since energy density reduces, so capacity It may decline.
Combination that adhesive contributes between active material and conductive agent and facilitate and the group of the combination of current-collector Point, wherein adhesive usually with the amount of 1 weight % of the total weight based on the solid content in anode sizing agent to 30 weight % into Row addition.Specifically, the total weight based on the solid content in anode sizing agent, adhesive is with 1 parts by weight to the amount of 50 parts by weight It is added, such as is added with the amount of 3 parts by weight to 15 parts by weight.If the amount of adhesive is less than 1 parts by weight, electrode Adhesiveness between active material and current-collector may be insufficient, if the amount of adhesive is greater than 50 parts by weight, adhesiveness can Improved, still, is reduced since the amount of electrode active material is opposite, battery capacity may decline.
The example of adhesive can be polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl Cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethene, polyethylene, polypropylene, Ethylene-Propylene-Diene ternary are total Polymers (EPDM), the EPDM of sulfonation, butadiene-styrene rubber, fluorubber, various copolymers and analog.
In addition, conductive agent is to provide electric conductivity while not causing the material of chemical change in the battery, wherein conductive agent can It is added with the amount of 1 weight % to 20 weight % with the total weight based on the solid content in anode sizing agent.
As the representative instance of conductive agent, following conductive material can be used, such as: carbon dust, such as carbon black, acetylene black, section Qin is black, channel black, furnace black, lampblack or thermal black；Graphite powder, natural graphite, people such as with good crystalline structure Work graphite or graphite；Conductive fiber, such as carbon fiber or metallic fiber；Metal powder, such as carbon fluoride powder, aluminium powder and nickel Powder；Conductive whiskers, such as ZnOw and potassium titanate crystal whisker；Conductive metal oxide, such as titanium oxide；Or polyhenylene spreads out Biology, and can be used those trade names such as acetylene black series conductive agent (Chevron Chemical Company, Denka black (Denka Singapore Private Limited) or Gulf Oil Company), Ketjen black, carbonic acid Vinyl acetate (EC) series of conductive agent (Armak Company), Vulcan XC-72 (Cabot Company) and Super P The conductive agent of (Timcal Graphite&Carbon).
Solvent may include the organic of such as n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP) etc Solvent, and can be so that when including positive electrode active materials and selectively desired including being obtained when adhesive and conductive agent The amount of viscosity carry out using.For example, can be so that including positive electrode active materials and selectively including adhesive and conduction The concentration of the solid content in slurry including agent (such as 20 weight % to 50 weights in the range of 10 weight % to 60 weight % Measure %) amount include solvent.
In addition, cathode can be prepared by forming negative electrode material mixture layer in negative electrode current collector.Negative electrode material mixture layer It can be formed in the following manner: negative with the negative electrode slurry coating including negative electrode active material, adhesive, conductive agent and solvent Pole current-collector, is then dried coated negative electrode current collector and roll-in.
Negative electrode current collector generally has 3 μm to 500 μm of thickness.Negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited, as long as it has High conductivity and do not cause undesirable chemical change in the battery, also, for example, can be used copper, stainless steel, aluminium, nickel, Titanium, calcining carbon or through the surface-treated copper of one of carbon, nickel, titanium, silver or the like or stainless steel, aluminium cadmium alloy or similar Object.In addition, being similar to anode current collector, negative electrode current collector can have subtle surface roughness, with raising and negative electrode active material The adhesion strength of material, negative electrode current collector can be with various forms such as film, piece, foil, net, porous body, foams, non-woven bodies To use.
In addition, negative electrode active material may include selected from by following at least one of the group constituted: lithium metal, can be reversible The alloy of ground insertion/deintercalate lithium ions carbon material, metal or lithium and the metal, can be adulterated and not mixed composite oxide of metal The material and transition metal oxide of miscellaneous lithium.
As can reversibly be embedded in the/carbon material of deintercalate lithium ions, can with being not particularly limited use in lithium ion two Usually used carbon based negative electrodes active material in primary cell, also, as typical example, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon or secondly Person can be used.The example of crystalline carbon can be graphite, such as irregular, plane, sheet (flake), it is spherical or The natural graphite or electrographite of threadiness, the example of amorphous carbon can be soft carbon (soft carbon) (low-temperature sintering Carbon) or hard carbon (hard carbon), mesophase pitch carbide and firing coke.
As metal or the alloy of lithium and the metal, can be used selected from by the metal of the following group constituted: copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), francium (Fr), beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), lead (Pb), indium (In), zinc (Zn), barium (Ba), radium (Ra), germanium (Ge), aluminium (Al) and tin (Sn) or lithium and the metal Alloy.
It can be used to be selected from and composite oxide of metal: PbO, PbO be used as by one of following group constituted2、Pb2O3、 Pb3O4、Sb2O3、Sb2O4、Sb2O5、GeO、GeO2、Bi2O3、Bi2O4、Bi2O5、LixFe2O3(0≤x≤1)、LixWO2(0≤x≤ And Sn 1)xMe1-xMe'yOz(Me: manganese (Mn), Fe, Pb or Ge；Me':Al, boron (B), phosphorus (P), Si, the I of periodic table, II, Group-III element or halogen；0<x≤1；1≤y≤3；1≤z≤8).
It can adulterate and the material undoped with lithium may include Si, SiOx(wherein Y is selected from by following for (0 < x < 2), Si-Y alloy The element of the group of composition: alkali metal, alkaline-earth metal, the 13rd race's element, the 14th race's element, transition metal, rare earth element and they Combination, and Y is not Si), Sn, SnO2(wherein Y is selected from by the element of the following group constituted: alkali metal, alkaline earth gold with Sn-Y Category, the 13rd race's element, the 14th race's element, transition metal, rare earth element and their combination, and Y is not Sn), and can also be with Use SiO2With they at least one of mixture.Element Y can be selected from the group being made of following element: Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), Ti, zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf),(Rf), V, niobium (Nb), Ta,(Db), Cr, Mo, tungsten (W), (Sg), technetium (Tc), rhenium (Re),(Bh), Fe, Pb, ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os),(Hs), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), Cu, silver (Ag), gold (Au), Zn, cadmium (Cd), B, Al, gallium (Ga), Sn, In, Ge, P, arsenic (As), Sb, bismuth (Bi), sulphur (S), selenium (Se), tellurium (Te), polonium (Po) and their combination.
Transition metal oxide may include containing lithium-titanium composite oxide (LTO), barium oxide and lithium-barium oxide.
Negative electrode active material can be with the 80 weight % to 99 weights of the total weight based on the solid content in negative electrode slurry Amount % amount included.
Adhesive contributes to the component of the combination between conductive agent, active material and current-collector, and wherein adhesive is usual It is added with the amount of 1 weight % to the 30 weight % of the total weight based on the solid content in negative electrode slurry.The reality of adhesive Example can be polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropyl cellulose, regenerated cellulose, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethene, polyethylene, polypropylene, Ethylene-Propylene-Diene polymer (EPDM), sulfonation EPDM, Butadiene-styrene rubber, fluorubber and their various copolymers.
Material identical with those materials used in the preparation of anode can be used as conductive agent, and wherein conductive agent can be with base The amount of 1 weight % to the 20 weight % of the total weight of solid content in negative electrode slurry are added.
Solvent may include water or such as n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, NMP) and alcohol Etc organic solvent, and can with so that when include negative electrode active material and selectively include adhesive and conductive agent when Obtain desired viscosity amount carry out using.For example, can be so that including negative electrode active material and selectively including gluing The concentration of solid content including mixture and conductive agent is in the range of 50 weight % to 95 weight %, for example, 70 weight % are extremely The amount of 90 weight % includes solvent.
In addition, being used as the typical apertured polymeric film of typical diaphragm, for example, from such as Alathon, propylene homo The polyolefin-based of object, ethylene-butene copolymer, ethylene-hexene co-polymers and ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymer etc gathers Apertured polymeric film made of object is closed, may be utilized independently as partition or the lamination formed by them as partition.In addition, can Using typical perforated nonwoven fabrics, for example, the nothing formed by high melting glass fiber or pet fiber Woven fabric, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The shape of lithium secondary battery of the invention is not particularly limited, but uses the cylindrical type of tank, prismatic, pouch-type (pouch) or Coin shape (coin) can be used.
It hereinafter, will the present invention will be described in more detail according to embodiment.However, the present invention can be with many different forms reality It applies, and should not be construed as limited to the embodiment being set forth below.Further it is provided that these illustrative embodiments were so that should Description is full and complete, and the scope of the present invention is entirely delivered to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment
<preparation of lithium secondary battery>
Embodiment 1
(nonaqueous electrolytic solution preparation)
By the way that by the compound of the formula 1a-1 of 5g, (weight average molecular weight (Mw): n=10 3,000g/mol) is added to 95g's Wherein it is dissolved with 1M LiPF6Non-aqueous organic solvent (ethylene carbonate (EC): methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC)=3:7 volume ratio) In prepare nonaqueous electrolytic solution of the invention.
(secondary cell preparation)
By the LiNi as 94 weight % of positive electrode active materials1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2(NCM), as 3 weights of conductive agent Measure N- of the polyvinylidene fluoride addition of the carbon black (carbon black) of % and the 3 weight % as adhesive as solvent In N-methyl-2-2-pyrrolidone N (NMP), to prepare positive electrode active materials slurry (solid concentration 50%).With the positive-active Material paste coats aluminium (Al) film of about 20 μ m-thicks as anode current collector and is dried, then that coated Al is thin Film carries out roll-in (roll press) to prepare anode.
By the powdered carbon as 96 weight % of negative electrode active material, the polyvinylidene fluoride of the 3 weight % as adhesive (PVDF) carbon black (carbon black) of the 1 weight % and as conductive agent is added as in the NMP of solvent, to prepare Negative active material slurry (solid concentration 80%).Use the negative active material slurry coating as 10 μm of negative electrode current collector Thick copper (Cu) film is simultaneously dried, and coated Cu film is then carried out roll-in (roll press) to prepare cathode.
By by the anode, by three layers of partition formed of polypropylene, polyethylene/polypropylene (PP/PE/PP) and described Cathode sequentially stacks to prepare electrode assembly.The electrode assembly is placed in battery case, and non-prepared by injection Water electrolysis liquid, to prepare lithium secondary battery (Full cell, full battery).
Embodiment 2
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the secondary cell including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1, no It is with place: during the preparation of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the compound of the formula 1a-1 of 10g is added to the non-aqueous organic molten of 90g In agent.
Embodiment 3
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the secondary cell including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1, no It is with place: during the preparation of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the compound of the formula 1a-1 of 1g is added to the non-aqueous organic solvent of 99g In.
Embodiment 4
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the secondary cell including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1, no It is with place: during the preparation of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, by the compound (weight average molecular weight (Mw): 1,000g/ of the formula 1a-1 of 5g Mol) it is added in the non-aqueous organic solvent of 95g.
Embodiment 5
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the secondary cell including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1, no It is with place: during the preparation of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the compound of the formula 1a-1 of 20g is added to the non-aqueous organic molten of 80g In agent.
Embodiment 6
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the secondary cell including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1, no Be with place: during the preparation of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, by the compound of the formula 1a-1 of 5g (weight average molecular weight (Mw): 10, 000g/mol) it is added in the non-aqueous organic solvent of 95g.
Embodiment 7
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the secondary cell including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1, no It is with place: during the preparation of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, by compound (n=10, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the formula 1a-1 of 0.3g 3,000g/mol) it is added in the non-aqueous organic solvent of 99.7g.
Embodiment 8
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the secondary cell including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1, no It is with place: during the preparation of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the compound of the formula 1a-1 of 25g is added to the non-aqueous organic molten of 75g In agent.
Embodiment 9
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the secondary cell including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1, no It is with place: during the preparation of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, by compound (weight average molecular weight (Mw) 500g/ of the formula 1a-1 of 5g Mol) it is added in the non-aqueous organic solvent of 95g.
Embodiment 10
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution and the secondary cell including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution are prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1, no It is with place: during the preparation of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, by the compound (weight average molecular weight (Mw) 20,000g/ of the formula 1a-1 of 5g Mol) it is added in the non-aqueous organic solvent of 95g.
Comparative example 1
(nonaqueous electrolytic solution preparation)
By by 1M LiPF6It is dissolved in non-aqueous organic solvent (ethylene carbonate (EC): methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC)=3:7 Volume ratio) in prepare nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
(lithium secondary battery preparation)
Lithium secondary battery is prepared according to the same manner as in Example 1.
The following table 1 summarizes the construction of the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of embodiment 1 to 10 and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution of comparative example 1.
[table 1]
Test example
Test example 1: high-temperature behavior assessment
The lithium secondary battery of Examples 1 and 2 and comparative example 1 is charged 3 hours with the rate of 0.1C.Then, by lithium two Primary cell degassing (degas)/reseal (reseal), is charged under constant current/constant voltage condition in room temperature with 0.2C To 4.15V, and 3.0V is discharged to 0.2C under constant current conditions, to carry out initial charge and electric discharge.In initial charge and After electric discharge, each battery is charged into 4.15V, and by each battery in 60 DEG C of storages, 10 weeks (SOC (state of It charge) is 100%), then to measure thickness increment rate (%) of each battery at 60 DEG C.Its result is shown in FIG. 1.
Thickness increment rate (%) referring to Fig.1, compared to comparative example 1 secondary cell (wherein using not including oligomer Electrolyte), for the secondary cells of Examples 1 and 2, (which use include the oligomer of embodiment according to the present invention Electrolyte), it will be acknowledged that being significantly reduced in 60 DEG C of thickness increment rates after 4 weeks.
Test example 2: high-temperature storage performance
The lithium secondary battery of embodiment 3 to 10 is charged 3 hours with the rate of 0.1C.Then, lithium secondary battery is deaerated (degas)/and (reseal) is resealed, 4.15V is charged to 0.2C in room temperature under constant current/constant voltage condition, and 3.0V is discharged to 0.2C under constant current conditions, to carry out initial charge and electric discharge.It, will after initial charge and electric discharge Each battery charges to 4.15V, and each battery is then measured each battery in 60 DEG C of storages, 6 weeks (SOC 100%) Capacity retention ratio and thickness increment rate (swelling, swelling) at 6 weeks compared with 0 week.Its result is shown in FIG. 1.
Its result is listed in the following table 2.
[table 2]
Capacity retention ratio (%) Thickness increment rate (%)
Embodiment 3 94% 7.2%
Embodiment 4 95.0% 6.5%
Embodiment 5 95.2% 5.3%
Embodiment 6 95.8% 6.8%
Embodiment 7 82.4% 15.0%
Embodiment 8 86.1% 13.2%
Embodiment 9 89% 8.7%
Embodiment 10 92.5% 7.0%
As shown in table 2, it is to be understood that the capacity of the lithium secondary battery of embodiment 3 to 6 after storage at high temperatures is kept Rate is about 94% or higher, and thickness increment rate after storage at high temperatures is about 7.2% or lower.
In contrast, the lithium secondary battery (including the nonaqueous electrolytic solution containing a small amount of additive) of embodiment 7 is in Gao Wencun Capacity retention ratio after storage is 82.4% or higher, and thickness increment rate after storage at high temperatures is 15%, wherein can manage Solution, compared with the lithium secondary battery prepared in embodiment 3 to 6, capacity retention ratio and thickness increment rate are deteriorated.
In addition, the lithium secondary battery (including containing the nonaqueous electrolytic solution that agent is excessively added) of embodiment 8 is due to amount of storage Increase and capacity retention ratio after storage at high temperatures is 86.1% or higher, and thickness increment rate after storage at high temperatures is 13.2%, wherein it is understood that capacity retention ratio and thickness increase compared with the lithium secondary battery prepared in embodiment 3 to 6 Rate is added to deteriorate.
In addition, the lithium secondary battery (nonaqueous electrolytic solution including the oligomer containing low weight average molecular weight) of embodiment 9 Capacity retention ratio after storage at high temperatures is 89% or higher, and thickness increment rate after storage at high temperatures is 8.7%, wherein It is understood that capacity retention ratio and thickness increment rate deteriorate compared with the lithium secondary battery prepared in embodiment 3 to 6.
The thickness of the lithium secondary battery (nonaqueous electrolytic solution including the oligomer containing high weight average molecular weight) of embodiment 10 Spend increment rate be 7%, this is suitable with the thickness increment rate of lithium secondary battery prepared in embodiment 3 to 6, still, due to The viscosity of the increase of molecular weight, electrolyte itself increases, therefore the wetability in battery significantly reduces.Therefore, it is charged and discharged Efficiency reduces, accordingly, it should be understood that, due to caused by the uneven reaction during high temperature storage, capacity retention ratio decline To 92.5% or lower.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, comprising:
Lithium salts；
Non-aqueous organic solvent；With
The oligomer indicated by formula 1 is as additive:
[formula 1]
Wherein, in formula 1,
R1To R3It is each independently the substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene of fluorine with 1 to 4 carbon atom,
R4And R5It is each independently aliphatic hydrocarbyl or aryl radical,
R6And R7It is each independently the alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atom, or
R8And R9It is each independently the alkyl with 1 to 10 carbon atom, or
R10For aliphatic hydrocarbyl or aryl radical,
R11For the alkylidene with 1 to 3 carbon atom,
R12For hydrogen or the alkyl with 1 to 2 carbon atom,
The integer that n is 1 to 70, and
M is integer of 1 to 3.
2. nonaqueous electrolytic solution as described in claim 1, wherein in the oligomer indicated by formula 1,
The aliphatic hydrocarbyl includes selected from least one of the group being made of following group alicyclic hydrocarbon radical: having 4 to 20 carbon The substituted or unsubstituted secondary naphthenic base of atom；Substitution with 4 to 20 carbon atoms comprising isocyanate group (NCO) or not The secondary naphthenic base replaced；Substituted or unsubstituted secondary cycloalkenyl with 4 to 20 carbon atoms；And have 2 to 20 carbon atoms Substituted or unsubstituted secondary Heterocyclylalkyl, or include selected from least one of the group that is made of following group straight-chain hydrocarbons Base: the substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene with 1 to 20 carbon atom；There is 1 to 20 carbon comprising isocyanate group (NCO) The substituted or unsubstituted alkylidene of atom；Substituted or unsubstituted secondary alkoxy with 1 to 20 carbon atom；With 2 to The substituted or unsubstituted secondary alkenyl of 20 carbon atoms；With with 2 to 20 carbon atoms substituted or unsubstituted secondary alkynyl, and And
The aryl radical includes: the substituted or unsubstituted secondary aromatic radical with 6 to 20 carbon atoms；Or there are 2 to 20 The secondary heteroaryl perfume base of carbon atom.
It by the oligomer that formula 1 indicates include indicating low by formula 1a wherein described 3. nonaqueous electrolytic solution as described in claim 1 Polymers:
[1a]
Wherein, in formula 1a,
R4And R5Aliphatic hydrocarbyl is each independently,
R8And R9It is each independently
R10For aliphatic hydrocarbyl,
R11For the alkylidene with 1 to 3 carbon atom,
R12For hydrogen or the alkyl with 1 to 2 carbon atom,
The integer that n is 10 to 20, and
The integer that m is 1 to 2.
It by the oligomer that formula 1a is indicated include being indicated by formula 1a-1 wherein described 4. nonaqueous electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 3 Oligomer:
[formula 1a-1]
Wherein, in formula 1a-1,
The integer that n is 10 to 20.
5. nonaqueous electrolytic solution as described in claim 1, wherein it is described by oligomer that formula 1 indicates to be based on the non-aqueous solution electrolysis The amount of 0.5 weight % to the 20 weight % of the total weight of liquid included.
6. nonaqueous electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 5, wherein it is described by oligomer that formula 1 indicates to be based on the non-aqueous solution electrolysis The amount of 1 weight % to the 10 weight % of the total weight of liquid included.
7. nonaqueous electrolytic solution as described in claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the oligomer indicated by formula 1 is 1,000g/mol to 10,000g/mol.
8. nonaqueous electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 7, wherein the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the oligomer indicated by formula 1 is 3,000g/mol to 8,000g/mol.
9. nonaqueous electrolytic solution as claimed in claim 8, wherein the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the oligomer indicated by formula 1 is 3,000g/mol to 5,000g/mol.
10. a kind of lithium secondary battery, comprising: cathode；Anode；Partition between the cathode and the anode is set；And
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution as described in claim 1.
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