CN1093765A - 不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂 - Google Patents
不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
式(I)所示的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯适用于
制备柔软剂和洗涤柔软漂洗剂，式中R1，R2和R3各
代表至少一个有6至22个碳原子的脂族线形的或
有支链的酰基，至少一个硫酸盐基和需要时代表羟
基，而m，n和p代表0或1至10的数。
Description
本发明涉及含硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯而不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂以及涉及硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯用于制备所述的柔软剂的用途。
阳离子的或假阳离子的化合物主要用于织物、纱线和纤维的柔软整理，但也用于皮革整理和造纸领域。这类化合物的重要代表有例如：二硬脂酰二甲基铵氯化物（DSDMAC），季铵化的二脂肪酸链烷醇胺酯-盐或脂肪酸与多胺的反应产物，例如氨基乙基乙醇胺。虽然这些化合物具有极好的增柔性能，但这系列产品的生物降解性以及敏化潜能不完全令人满意[参见肥皂-油类-脂肪-蜡（Seifen-Ole-Fette-Wachse），117期，第287和609页，（1991）]。此外起因于阳离子表面活性剂在水制剂中可产生微量亚硝胺的可能性（当然更多是理论上的）导致市场需要不含氮的化合物柔软剂。
事实上从柔软剂和洗涤柔软漂洗剂领域的内容丰富的现有技术中已经得知同样具有增柔性能而且生物可降解性良好的一些阴离子化合物。但迄今已知的这些阴离子柔软剂尽管具有生态毒物学的优点，但这些阴离子柔软剂的生产能力是如此不足，迄今仍未成为市售产品。
本发明的任务在于提供一种新的、不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂，这种柔软剂没有上述缺点。
本发明涉及含有式（Ⅰ）所示的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯而不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂
式中：R1，R2和R3各代表至少一个有6至22个碳原子的脂肪族线形的或有支链的酰基，至少一个硫酸盐基和需要时代表一个羟基，而m，n和p各代表0或1至10。
意外地发现，硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯具有很好的增柔性能，容易被生物降解，因此满足能成功地在柔软剂和洗涤柔软漂洗剂中使用的所有先决条件。
硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯是借助于有机化学制备方法获得的一些已知物质。优选的方法例如在于将甘油二酯含量高的工业偏甘油酯混合物在连续操作的降膜式反应器中用气态三氧化硫进行硫酸化，紧接着把产品加到氢氧化钠溶液中进行中和[参见Henkel的DE-A1-4038477]。
因此，脂肪酸偏甘油酯概念是指甘油单酯、甘油二酯和甘油三酯的混合物，这种混合物还含有游离的甘油。最媸使用混合物中含有等于混合物总量的25-50重量%，最好是35-40重量%的甘油二酯。
因此产生的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯同样是工业混合物，这些混合物除硫酸化的甘油二酯之外主要还可含有甘油单硫酸酯和未硫酸化的部份。这部份硫酸化的甘油1，2-二酯或甘油-1，3-二酯最好为阴离子表面活性剂含量的30-60重量%。
硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯也可在分子内含有环氧乙烷基。这样一些化合物原则上同样是已知的，例如可通过脂肪酸偏甘油酯的乙氧基化和其后的硫酸化来制备。系数m，n和p的总和表示乙氧基化度，而且各个系数可代表0或1至10，最好是2至7。因此通过使平均6至21摩尔，尤其10至15摩尔环氧乙烷与脂肪酸偏甘油酯的加成产物进行硫酸化反应可获得含有优选的含环氧乙烷的硫酸化脂肪酸偏甘油酯。应该指出，m，n和p不必一定是相同的数值，因为在脂肪酸偏甘油酯的乙氧基化情况下，在环氧乙烷加成到自由羟基上和嵌入酯键之间存在着竞争。产生的化合物通常也可能有赖于所使用的催化剂或者受到限制。
本发明的柔软剂最好含有式（1）所示的脂肪酸偏甘油酯，式中R1和R3代表酰基和R2代表硫酸盐基，或者式中R1和R2代表酰基和R3代表硫酸盐基，而m，n和p代表0。在这种情况下“硫酸盐基”概念是指-SO3X基，在此基中X代表铵，烷基铵或碱金属和/或碱土金属，最好是钠。
此外，优选的是含有式（1）所示的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯的柔软剂，式中R1、R2和R3各代表有16至18个碳原子的至少一个酰基，而m，n和p代表0。
含有基于C16/18-牛脂酸的硫酸化的甘油二酯的、不含氮的这样一些阴离子活性柔软剂在软化性能上已被证明是特别好的。所述牛脂酸组分可以是饱和的，部份饱和的或主要是不饱和的。
本发明不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂通常可含有等于这种柔软剂固体含量的1-100重量%，最好是50-95重量%的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯。此柔软剂本身通常为固体，含量为30-70重量%的水基浓缩物或为鳞片状的商品。除上述硫酸化的偏甘油酯之外，这种柔软剂还含有按常规用量的普通助剂和添加剂，例如分散剂，香料和粘度调节剂。
在本发明的柔软剂中含有的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯在生态毒物学上是很安全的并给平面构型织物带来柔软手感，也给皮革和纸张带来柔软手感。因此可将本发明的柔软剂用于例如织物的连续或非连续整理。
本发明的另一对象是应用此硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯来制备柔软剂和洗涤柔软漂洗剂。在这些制剂中可含有等于柔软剂量的1-70重量%，最好10-50重量%，尤其15-30重量%的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯。此外本发明的柔软剂还可含有其它的普通添加剂，例如表面活性剂、乳化剂、合成树脂、催化剂和荧光增白剂。
以下实施例将说明本发明，但不限制本发明。
1.制备实施例：
C16/18-牛脂酸甘油二酯的磺化。在有夹套冷却和侧面进SO3气体装置的一个连续操作的降膜式反应器中（长度120cm，横截面1cm2，离析物通过能力600克/小时）使2780克（5摩尔）工业甘油二酯在95℃和三氧化硫进行反应。工业甘油二酯的组成如下：
甘油单酯：15.1重量%
甘油二酯：38.3重量%
甘油三酯：38.0重量%
羟值：97
皂化值：187
酸值：2.6
碘值：41
加料比为对偏甘油酯中所含的每摩尔羟基加0.95摩尔三氧化硫。通过加热使三氧化硫从相应量65重量%的发烟硫酸中排出，用氮气稀释至5体积%的浓度并使其通过一个喷嘴和甘油二酯薄膜接触。然后将这种粗磺化产品和37重量%的氢氧化钠溶液一起搅入1重量%的磷酸钠溶液中，中和到pH＝6.5至8。
产品的特征数据：
按埃普顿（Epton）法测定
的阴离子表面活性剂含量：21.3重量%（〔分子量（MG）＝680.5〕
未被磺化的甘油二酯：10.1重量%
硫酸钠：1.4重量%
水：61.2重量%
阴离子表面活性剂含量〔活性洗涤剂（WAS）〕以及未被磺化的部份是按德国脂肪科学协会（DGF）的统一方法，即按斯图加特（Stuttgart）1950-1984，H-111-10和G-11-6b测定的。
Ⅱ应用实施例：
本发明柔软剂（A）的增软处理效果是用浸轧方法将柔软剂强制施加到棉织物上来确定的。增柔效率通过6人测试组的手感来测定。用脂肪酸多胺缩合物（B）为基础的市售柔软剂作对比。下列参数要预先规定：
浓度：每升浸轧液中含有20重量%的柔软剂30克
材料：毛圈花式线织物
吸液率：约为干织物的80重量%
干燥：在130℃下3分钟
试验结果列于表1中：
表1：增柔效率的测定
| 柔软剂 | 手感评分 |
| AB | 5.55.0 |
说明：手感评分1＝硬
手感评分6＝很软
Claims (7)
1、含有式(Ⅰ)所示的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯而不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂
式中：
R1，R2和R3各代表至少一个有6至22个碳原子的脂族线形的或有支链的酰基，至少一个硫酸盐基和需要时代表一个羟基，m，n和p各代表0或1至10。
2、按照权利要求1所述的不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂，其特征在于：它们含有式（Ⅰ）所示的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯，式中R1和R3代表酰基，R2代表硫酸盐基，而m，n和p代表0。
3、按照权利要求1或2所述的不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂，其特征在于：它们含有式（Ⅰ）所示的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯，式中R1和R2代表酰基，R3代表硫酸盐基，而m，n和p代表0。
4、按照权利要求1至3所述的不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂，其特征在于：它们含有式（Ⅰ）所示的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯，式中R1，R2和R3各代表至少一个有16至18个碳原子的酰基，而m，n和p代表0。
5、按照权利要求1至4所述的不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂，其特征在于：它们含有基于C16/18-牛脂酸的硫酸化的甘油二酯。
6、按照权利要求1至5所述的不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂，其特征在于：它们含有为其自身固体含量的1-100重量%的、式（Ⅰ）所示的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯。
7、权利要求1所述的硫酸化的脂肪酸偏甘油酯用于制备柔软剂和洗涤柔软漂洗剂的用途。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4242689.8 | 1992-12-17 | ||
| DE4242689A DE4242689A1 (de) | 1992-12-17 | 1992-12-17 | Stickstofffreie anionaktive Avivagemittel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1093765A true CN1093765A (zh) | 1994-10-19 |
Family
ID=6475589
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN93120843.2A Pending CN1093765A (zh) | 1992-12-17 | 1993-12-15 | 不含氮的阴离子活性柔软剂 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5567340A (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP0674699B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JPH08504484A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN1093765A (zh) |
| DE (2) | DE4242689A1 (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO1994013768A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110512425A (zh) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-11-29 | 罗莱生活科技股份有限公司 | 一种功能性纺织品及其制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19651447C1 (de) * | 1996-12-11 | 1997-10-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Mittel für die Avivage von Textil- und Keratinfasern und Verwendung von Hydroxycarbonsäureestern zur Herstellung von Avivagemitteln |
| DE19708133C1 (de) * | 1997-02-28 | 1997-12-11 | Henkel Kgaa | Mittel für die Avivage von Textil- und Keratinfasern sowie die Verwendung von Hydroxycarbonsäureestern zur Herstellung von Avivagemitteln |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3936001A1 (de) * | 1989-10-28 | 1991-05-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur sulfierung ungesaettigter fettsaeureglycerinester |
| US5117032A (en) * | 1990-06-06 | 1992-05-26 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Process for making glycerol ether sulfates |
| DE4038477A1 (de) * | 1990-12-03 | 1992-06-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von partialglyceridsulfaten |
| DE4038478A1 (de) * | 1990-12-03 | 1992-06-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von partialglyceridsulfaten |
-
1992
- 1992-12-17 DE DE4242689A patent/DE4242689A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1993
- 1993-12-09 WO PCT/EP1993/003469 patent/WO1994013768A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1993-12-09 JP JP6513781A patent/JPH08504484A/ja active Pending
- 1993-12-09 DE DE59307653T patent/DE59307653D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-09 EP EP94902731A patent/EP0674699B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-09 US US08/454,302 patent/US5567340A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-12-15 CN CN93120843.2A patent/CN1093765A/zh active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110512425A (zh) * | 2019-09-29 | 2019-11-29 | 罗莱生活科技股份有限公司 | 一种功能性纺织品及其制备方法 |
| CN110512425B (zh) * | 2019-09-29 | 2022-04-19 | 罗莱生活科技股份有限公司 | 一种功能性纺织品及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH08504484A (ja) | 1996-05-14 |
| DE4242689A1 (de) | 1994-06-23 |
| DE59307653D1 (de) | 1997-12-11 |
| WO1994013768A1 (de) | 1994-06-23 |
| EP0674699A1 (de) | 1995-10-04 |
| US5567340A (en) | 1996-10-22 |
| EP0674699B1 (de) | 1997-11-05 |
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