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CN109320273A - 一种改进的氧化铝纤维板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种改进的氧化铝纤维板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109320273A
CN109320273A CN201811070177.3A CN201811070177A CN109320273A CN 109320273 A CN109320273 A CN 109320273A CN 201811070177 A CN201811070177 A CN 201811070177A CN 109320273 A CN109320273 A CN 109320273A
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temperature
alumina fibre
fibre plate
fiberboard
slurry
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戴生伢
张引
钱松根
黄振进
陈福金
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Nanjing Xinda Crystal Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种改进的氧化铝纤维板制品，其特征是，在已有的纤维板制备工艺基础上，采用碱性硅溶胶作为无机粘结剂，制得低密度、高强度纤维板。同时在纤维板中掺杂近红外遮光剂如金红石型钛白粉或六钛酸钾晶须，进一步降低其高温热导率。制得的氧化铝纤维板其室温抗压强度为4.5~5.6MPa，样品尺寸为1cm厚时，稳态时，热面温度1000℃，冷面温度为300~320℃，热面温度1200℃，冷面温度为340~360℃。

Description

一种改进的氧化铝纤维板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于保温隔热材料领域，具体涉及一种改进的氧化铝纤维板制品。
背景技术
多孔陶瓷是由众多气孔分布在基体材料中而形成的一类材料， 因其具有良好的化学稳定性、热稳定性以及多孔结构可用作过滤器、催化剂载体、隔热材料、敏感元件等。目前，多孔陶瓷已被广泛应用于冶金、化学、能源、环保、生物等领域。随着能源和环境材料的发展，对多孔陶瓷的性能提出了更高的要求，多孔陶瓷朝着孔径更小，孔隙率更高的方向发展。同纳米材料一样，纳米孔径的多孔材料也将赋予它一系列的特殊性能，如极低的热导率和声传播速度，这使它们可以成为性能优异的绝热和隔音材料。与纳米孔陶瓷结构最为接近的材料是二氧化硅气凝胶、但此类材料为非烧结体，结构与性能不稳定，在高温下纳米孔易发生坍塌，材料致密化。
氧化铝纤维板作为一种高温隔热材料，具有高强度、高模量、耐高温（氧化铝熔点2050℃）、耐腐蚀、热导率低等优良性能，在氧化或者还原气氛中具有良好的热稳定性及化学稳定性。同时还具有低的热膨胀系数和良好的抗热震性。这比传统的硅酸铝纤维板具有很大的优势。作为一种重要的工程材料， 其应用领域十分广泛，在冶金、机械、石油、化工、电子、陶瓷等工业部门的高温工业窑炉和其他高温设备上，作为内衬和隔热材料。氧化铝纤维将纤维板中的空气划分为更小的结构，因此其密度低、隔热性好、热容小，不仅可以减小炉子的重量，还可以具有很好的节能效果。此外，与纳米孔隔热材料相比，虽然热导率相对较高，但由于纳米孔隔热材料高温下尤其是1000℃以上使用，纳米孔易发生坍塌，材料致密化，因此仍具有广泛的用途。
已公开的专利号CN 101,135,131B描述了一种无机纤维板及其制法。其使用无机纤维棉为主要原料制浆后，通过加入填料、有机结合剂、添加剂制成一定浓度的浆体后，采用湿法真空成型，在一定温度下烘干干燥、制成无机纤维板。其无机纤维棉为Al2O3含量为40～44%、45～47%或者47～49%，三种陶瓷纤维棉的一种或复合使用。可以直接用在气流冲刷比较严重的地方，但其Al2O3含量较低，与高纯氧化铝纤维相比，其杨氏模量减小，因此机械强度不高。已公开的美国专利号US 0321993 A1描述了一种陶瓷纤维板的制备工艺，其使用的陶瓷纤维含有Al2O3和SiO2，无机粘结剂为硅溶胶和水玻璃的混合物。由于没有使用有机粘结剂，因此纤维板在使用时不会产生黑烟等挥发性物质，但纤维板的使用温度不高（≤1200℃）。因此，兼有隔热性能和高温强度复合功能的耐火隔热材料成为新的研究热点，其技术关键是在材料配方设计和工艺研究中如何协调和兼顾隔热性能和高温强度这两个相互制约的物性。此外，在纤维板中添加红外遮光剂仍未见报道。
发明内容
发明目的：为了克服现有技术中存在的不足，本发明提供一种改进的氧化铝纤维板制备方法，目的是使其具备高抗压强度、低密度小及低高温热导率。
技术方案：为解决上述技术问题，本发明制备的一种氧化铝纤维板，其制备组分包括：
氧化铝短切纤维 120~140份
无机粘结剂 230~250份
红外遮光剂 12~18份
水 230~250份。
优选的，氧化铝纤维直径为8~15µm，得到的浆料中的氧化铝纤维长度为0.5~3mm。
优选的，红外遮光剂为金红石型钛白粉，其平均粒径为1µm，和六钛酸钾晶须，其长度为50~200µm。
上述的氧化铝纤维板，其制备步骤如下：
（1）制备浆料：将已得到的氧化铝短切纤维与无机粘结剂、红外遮光剂和水按照一定比例混合后，经电动搅拌机充分混合搅拌后得到浆料。
（2）湿法成型：将已制备的浆料倒入模具中，经机械加压和真空抽滤并脱模后得到纤维板湿坯。
（3）干燥、高温烧结：将湿坯放入鼓风干燥箱中干燥，再放入高温马弗炉中烧结得到氧化铝纤维板。
进一步地，所述氧化铝纤维直径为8~15µm，得到的浆料中的氧化铝纤维长度为0.5~3mm，经机械加压和真空抽滤可得到不同密度的氧化铝纤维板。
进一步地，所述红外遮光剂为金红石型钛白粉，其粒径为1~2µm，六钛酸钾晶须，其长度为50~200µm，好处是晶型稳定，粒径尺寸与红外波长处在同一数量级，散射充分。
进一步地，制得的氧化铝纤维板其密度为0.4~0.7g/cm3，室温抗压强度为4.5~5.6MPa，样品尺寸为1cm厚时，稳态时，热面温度1000℃，冷面温度为300~320℃，热面温度1200℃，冷面温度为340~360℃。
有益效果：本发明中，在已有氧化铝纤维板制备工艺基础之上，从纤维板的配方入手，改变无机粘结剂和添加剂的组分和组成。此外，红外遮光剂高温下（特别是1300℃以上），与部分氧化铝纤维结合，进一步促进纤维板的烧结，使其在高温下具有高的机械强度和抗热震性。
附图说明
图1是所制备的氧化铝纤维板实物图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作更进一步的说明。
实施例一：
事先已准备好的短切氧化铝纤维（直径为8~15µm）、碱性硅溶胶(SiO2≥30wt.%，pH=9~10)，金红石型钛白粉（粒径为1~2µm），和六钛酸钾晶须（长度为50~200µm）。
称取140g氧化铝纤维、250g碱性硅溶胶、28g钛白粉和250g水于容器中，经电动搅拌机充分搅拌分散后得到浆料。将浆料倒入模具中经真空抽滤并在表面加压0.2MPa，脱模后得到纤维板湿坯。将湿坯放入鼓风干燥箱中100℃干燥10h，再放入高温马弗炉中以3℃/min升温至1500℃，并保温2h，得到氧化铝纤维板，如图1所示。
经测试，制得的氧化铝纤维板其室温抗压强度为5.6MPa，密度约为0.5g/cm3，重烧线收缩率≤1%。样品尺寸为1cm厚时，稳态时，热面温度1000℃，冷面温度约为310℃，热面温度1200℃，冷面温度约为350℃。
实施例二：
称取120g氧化铝纤维、250g碱性硅溶胶、12g六钛酸钾和250g水于容器中，经电动搅拌机充分搅拌分散后得到浆料。将浆料倒入模具中经真空抽滤并在表面加压0.25MPa，脱模后得到纤维板湿坯。将湿坯放入鼓风干燥箱中95℃干燥12h，再放入高温马弗炉中以3℃/min升温至1200℃，并保温2h，得到氧化铝纤维板。
经测试，制得的氧化铝纤维板其室温抗压强度约为5.1MPa，密度约为0.45g/cm3，重烧线收缩率≤1%。样品尺寸为1cm厚时，稳态时，热面温度1000℃，冷面温度约为300℃，热面温度1200℃，冷面温度约为340℃。
实施例三：
称取120g氧化铝纤维、250g碱性硅溶胶、12g钛白粉、6g六钛酸钾和250g水于容器中，经电动搅拌机充分搅拌分散后得到浆料。将浆料倒入模具中经真空抽滤并在表面加压0.25MPa，脱模后得到纤维板湿坯。将湿坯放入鼓风干燥箱中90℃干燥15h，再放入高温马弗炉中以3℃/min升温至1200℃，并保温2h，得到氧化铝纤维板。
经测试，制得的氧化铝纤维板其室温抗压强度为4.5MPa，密度约为0.41g/cm3，重烧线收缩率≤1%。样品尺寸为1cm厚时，稳态时，热面温度1000℃，冷面温度约为307℃，热面温度1200℃，冷面温度约为350℃。
以上实施例为掺杂红外遮光剂和无机粘结剂的，对于未掺杂红外遮光剂的采用相同方式制备的氧化铝纤维板，热面温度1000℃，冷面温度约为330℃。同时，对比了市面上在售的几种不同型号的氧化铝纤维板，冷面温度都降低了约20~30℃。可见，添加红外遮光剂起到了降低热导率的作用，值得一提的是，本产品使用温度为1000~1600℃。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出：对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1. 一种改进的氧化铝纤维板，其特征在于：其制备组分包括如下：
氧化铝短切纤维 120~140份
无机粘结剂 230~250份
红外遮光剂 12~18份
水 230~250份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氧化锆纤维板，其特征在于：所述无机粘结剂包括碱性硅溶胶， SiO2≥30wt%，pH值为9~10。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氧化锆纤维板，其特征在于：所述红外遮光剂为锆英石、金红石型钛白粉、和六钛酸钾晶须。
4.一种权利要求1所述的氧化铝纤维板的制备方法，其特征在于制备步骤如下：
（1）制备浆料：将已准备的氧化铝短切纤维与无机粘结剂、红外遮光剂和水按照一定比例混合后，经电动搅拌机充分搅拌混合后得到浆料；
（2）湿法成型：将已制备的浆料倒入模具中，经机械加压和真空抽滤成型并脱模后得到纤维板湿坯；
（4）干燥高温烧结：将湿坯放入鼓风干燥箱中干燥，再放入高温电炉中烧结得到氧化铝纤维板。
5.根据权利要求4所述的氧化铝纤维板，其特征在于：所述氧化铝纤维直径为8~15µm，得到的浆料中的氧化铝纤维长度为0.5~3mm，经机械加压和真空抽滤可得到不同密度的氧化铝纤维板。
6.根据权利要求4所述的氧化铝纤维板，其特征在于：所述红外遮光剂为金红石型钛白粉，其粒径为1~2µm，六钛酸钾晶须，其长度为50~200µm，好处是晶型稳定，粒径尺寸与红外波长处在同一数量级，散射充分。
7.根据权利要求4所述的氧化铝纤维板，其特征在于：制得的氧化铝纤维板其密度为0.4~0.7g/cm3，室温抗压强度为4.5~5.6MPa，样品尺寸为1cm厚时，稳态时，热面温度1000℃，冷面温度为300~320℃，热面温度1200℃，冷面温度为340~360℃。
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