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CN109207168A - 一种液晶组合物及其应用 - Google Patents

一种液晶组合物及其应用 Download PDF

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CN109207168A
CN109207168A CN201710523384.9A CN201710523384A CN109207168A CN 109207168 A CN109207168 A CN 109207168A CN 201710523384 A CN201710523384 A CN 201710523384A CN 109207168 A CN109207168 A CN 109207168A
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liquid crystal
crystal composition
group
compound
formula
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CN109207168B (zh
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朱贝贝
徐海彬
李鹏飞
贺笛
徐爽
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Jiangsu He Cheng Display Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to TW107122186A priority patent/TWI670363B/zh
Priority to US16/608,260 priority patent/US11162028B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2018/093420 priority patent/WO2019001522A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种液晶组合物及其应用,所述液晶组合物包含至少一种通式Ⅰ的化合物,以及至少一种选自由通式Ⅱ‑1、通式Ⅱ‑2及其组合组成的组的化合物。本发明提供的液晶组合物具有适合的光学各向异性、高的清亮点以及高的弹性常数K11和K33,还具有相对低的介电各向异性,所述液晶组合物应用于液晶显示器中时,可以具有较好的耐候性及较高的对比度。

Description

一种液晶组合物及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及液晶材料领域,具体涉及一种液晶组合物及其应用。
背景技术
液晶显示器(Liquid Crystal Display,LCD)因其体积小、重量轻、功耗低且显示质量优异而获得了飞速发展,特别在便携式电子信息产品中获得广泛的应用。随着用于便携式计算机、办公应用、视频应用的液晶屏幕尺寸的增加,液晶显示器能够用于大屏幕显示并最终替代了阴极射线管的显示器(Cathode Ray Tube,CRT)。
根据显示模式的类型分为PC(phase change,相变)、TN(twist nematic,扭曲向列)、STN(super twisted nematic,超扭曲向列)、ECB(electrically controlledbirefringence,电控双折射)、OCB(optically compensated bend,光学补偿弯曲)、IPS(in-plane switching,共面转变)、VA(vertical alignment,垂直配向)等类型。
液晶材料必须具有良好的低温互溶性和热稳定性。此外,液晶材料应当具有低粘度和短响应时间,低阈值电压和高对比度。为了获得具有良好特性的液晶显示元件,而提高液晶组合物的各项性能指标。我们将液晶组合物的一种性能对应液晶显示元件相应的一种性能的关联,总结于下述表1中。根据市售的液晶显示元件来进一步说明组合物的各项性能指标。向列相的温度范围与元件的工作温度范围相关联。向列相的上限温度较好的是大于等于70℃,并且向列相的下限温度较好的是小于等于-10℃。组合物的粘度与元件的响应时间相关联。为了在元件中显示动画,较好的是元件的响应时间短。因此,较好的是组合物的粘度小,而更好的是温度低时组合物的粘度小。
含有光学各向异性适当的液晶组合物的液晶显示元件能够增大对比度。
含有介电各向异性的绝对值大的液晶组合物的液晶显示元件能够降低基础电压值、降低驱动电压,并能进一步降低消耗电功率。
陡度因子γ对器件参数是一个大的影响因素,U10、U50、U90分别对应于TN-LCD透过率变化量为10%、50%、90%时的电压。
按自由能密度的方法计算得到平衡态下的U50、U90,得出如下关系式:
γ=(U50-U90)/U90=0.133+0.0266[(K33/K11)-1]+0.0466[ln(ΔΔnd/2λ]2
当Δnd/2λ=1时,γ最陡。该条件与漏光最小条件大体一致,所以该条件可得到对比度大的显示,在该条件下显示器件漏光最小、陡度最好,其中,λ为入射波长。
因此,γ与液晶材料的K33/K11也有关,在TN盒的K33/K11愈小,其γ愈小。但在TFT显示中,γ愈大,灰阶显示愈好,因此在TFT显示中,K33/K11相对较大会更好。
单一的液晶化合物通常难以发挥其特性,通常将其与其他多种液晶化合物混合配制成组合物。在现有液晶组合物中,能够得到较优的特性,但是该种类组合物清亮点较低、粘度较高、光学各向异性不够大、介电各向异性的绝对值较低、电压保持率低,对混合成具有较大光学各向异性、适宜介电各向异性的绝对值、较好稳定性以及较好对比度的组合物帮助不大,直接导致对比度低、响应速度慢、器件显示效果差等不良后果,例如国外专利文献WO9202597、WO9116398、WO9302153、WO9116399,中国专利文献CN1157005A等,不同程度上具有上述缺点。
因此,需要一种液晶组合物,其具有大的光学各向异性、高的介电各向异性的绝对值、高的清亮点、低的阈值电压、较好的可靠性、良好的陡度、良好灰阶显示效果等特性。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种光学各向异性大、介电各向异性的绝对值大、具有宽的向列相、低温存储稳定性高并且对比度高的液晶组合物,以及包含所述液晶组合物的液晶显示元件。
本发明的技术方案:
本发明的一个方面提供一种液晶组合物,包含:
至少一种通式Ⅰ的化合物
至少一种选自由通式Ⅱ-1、通式Ⅱ-2及其组合组成的组的化合物
其中,
R1、R2、R3、R4、R3’和R4’各自独立的表示-H、-F、含有1-12个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-12个碳原子的烯基或烯氧基、-OR5OR6其中所述烷基或烷氧基和所述烯基或烯氧基中的一个或多个H可以被F取代,且R1和R2中至少一个为-OR5OR6
R5和R6各自独立的表示含有1-12个碳原子的烷基或含有2-12个碳原子的烯基;
Z1、Z2和Z3各自独立的表示单键、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-或-CH2CH2-;
L1和L2各自独立的表示-F、-Cl、-CN或-NCS;
和环各自独立的表示其中,中一个或多个-CH2-可被-O-替代,中一个或多个H可以被卤素取代;
和环各自独立的表示
n1和n2各自独立的表示0、1、2或3,且当n1为2或3时,环可以相同或不同,Z1可以相同或不同;当n2为2或3时,环可以相同或不同,Z2可以相同或不同;
m表示1或2,且当m为2时,环可以相同或不同,Z3可以相同或不同。
优选的,所述通式Ⅰ的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
其中,
表示且当n1为1时,环表示当n1为2或3时,至少一个环表示
L6、L7、L8和L9各自独立的表示-H或-F;
o表示1或2;
p和q各自独立的表示0或1。
进一步优选的,所述通式Ⅰ-1的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅰ-2的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
其中,
R11和R21各自独立的表示-H、-F、含有1-7个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-7个碳原子的烯基或烯氧基、-OR51OR61其中所述烷基或烷氧基和所述烯基或烯氧基中的一个或多个H可以被F取代,且R11和R21中至少一个为-OR51OR61
R51和R61各自独立的表示含有1-10个碳原子的烷基或含有2-10个碳原子的烯基。
再进一步的,所述Ⅰ-1-1的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-2的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-3的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-4的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-5的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-6的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-7的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-8的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-9的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-10的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-11的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-1-12的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-2-1的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-2-2的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-2-3的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-2-4的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述Ⅰ-2-5的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
优选的,所述通式Ⅱ-1的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
其中,
R31、R41、R31’和R41’各自独立的表示H、含有1-7个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-7个碳原子的烯基或烯氧基。
进一步优选的,所述通式Ⅱ-1的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
优选的,所述液晶组合物至少包含2wt%以上的通式Ⅱ-2的化合物。
优选的,所述R5为-C3H6-或-C4H8-。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,优选的,所述通式Ⅱ-1-1的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-1-2的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-1-3的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-1-4的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-1的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-2的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-3的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-4的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-5的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-6的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-7的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-8的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-9的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2-10的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
所述液晶组合物还包含至少一种通式Ⅲ的化合物
其中,
R7和R8各自独立的表示-H、-F、含有1-12个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-12个碳原子的烯基或烯氧基、其中所述烷基或烷氧基和所述烯基或烯氧基中的一个或多个H可以被F取代;
Z4和Z5各自独立的表示单键、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-或-CH2CH2-;
和环各自独立的表示其中,中一个或多个-CH2-可被-O-替代,中一个或多个H可以被卤素取代;
k1和k2各自独立的表示0、1、2或3,且当k1为2或3时,环可以相同或不同,Z4可以相同或不同;当k2为2或3时,环可以相同或不同,Z5可以相同或不同。
优选的,所述通式Ⅲ的化合物选自由如下化合物组成的组:
其中,
R71和R81各自独立的表示-H、-F、含有1-7个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-7个碳原子的烯基或烯氧基、其中所述烷基或烷氧基和所述烯基或烯氧基中的一个或多个H可以被F取代。
在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述通式Ⅰ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~60%,所述通式Ⅱ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~55%,所述通式Ⅲ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的0%~60%。
进一步的,在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述通式Ⅰ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~50%,所述通式Ⅱ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~55%,所述通式Ⅲ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的0%~55%。
更进一步的,在本发明的一些实施方案中,所述通式Ⅰ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~50%,所述通式Ⅱ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~50%,所述通式Ⅲ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~50%。
本发明另一方面提供一种液晶组合物,还包含本领域技术人员已知和文献中描述的一种或多种添加剂。例如,可以加入占所述液晶组合物总重量的0-15%的多色染料和/或手性掺杂剂。
如下显示优选加入到根据本发明的混合物中的可能掺杂剂。
在本发明的实施方案中,优选所述掺杂剂占所述液晶组合物总重量的0-5%;更优地,所述掺杂剂占所述液晶组合物总重量的0-1%。
如下提及例如可以加入到根据本发明的混合物中的稳定剂。
优选地,所述稳定剂选自如下所示的稳定剂。
在本发明的实施方案中,优选所述稳定剂占所述液晶组合物总重量的0-5%;更优地,所述稳定剂占所述液晶组合物总重量的0-1%;作为特别优选方案,所述稳定剂占所述液晶组合物总重量的0-0.1%。
本发明另一方面还提供一种包含上述液晶组合物的液晶显示器件。
有益效果:
本发明提供的液晶组合物具有适合的光学各向异性、高的清亮点以及弹性常数K11和K33,还具有相对低的介电各向异性,所述液晶组合物应用于液晶显示器中时,可以具有较好的耐候性及较高的对比度。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施方案来说明本发明。需要说明的是,下面的实施例为本发明的示例,仅用来说明本发明,而不用来限制本发明。在不偏离本发明主旨或范围的情况下,可进行本发明构思内的其他组合和各种改良。
为便于表达,以下各实施例中,液晶组合物的基团结构用表1所列的代码表示:
表1 液晶化合物的基团结构代码
以如下结构式的化合物为例:
该结构式如用表1所列代码表示,则可表达为:nCCGF,代码中的n表示左端烷基的C原子数,例如n为“3”,即表示该烷基为-C3H7;代码中的C代表环己烷基,G代表2-氟-1,4-亚苯基,F代表氟。
以下实施例中测试项目的简写代号如下:
Cp(℃) 清亮点(向列-各向同性相转变温度)
Δn 光学各向异性(589nm,25℃)
Δε 介电各向异性(1KHz,25℃)
t-40℃ 低温储存时间(在-40℃下)
K11 展曲弹性常数
K33 弯曲弹性常数
其中,
光学各向异性使用阿贝折光仪在钠光灯(589nm)光源下、25℃测试得到;
Δε=ε,其中,ε为平行于分子轴的介电常数,ε为垂直于分子轴的介电常数,测试条件:25℃、1KHz、测试盒为TN90型,盒厚7μm。
K11、K33是使用LCR仪和反平行摩擦盒,测试液晶的C-V曲线计算所得,测试条件:7μm反平行摩擦盒,V=0.1~20V。
在以下的实施例中所采用的各成分,均可以通过公知的方法进行合成,或者通过商业途径获得。这些合成技术是常规的,所得到各液晶化合物经测试符合电子类化合物标准。
按照以下实施例规定的各液晶组合物的配比,制备液晶组合物。所述液晶组合物的制备是按照本领域的常规方法进行的,如采取加热、超声波、悬浮等方式按照规定比例混合制得。
制备并研究下列实施例中给出的液晶组合物。下面显示了各液晶组合物的组成和其性能参数测试结果。
对比例1
按表2中所列的各化合物及重量百分数配制成对比例1的液晶组合物,其填充于液晶显示器两基板之间进行性能测试,测试数据如下表所示:
表2 液晶组合物配方及其测试性能
实施例1
按表3中所列的各化合物及重量百分数配制成实施例1的液晶组合物,其填充于液晶显示器两基板之间进行性能测试,测试数据如下表所示:
表3 液晶组合物配方及其测试性能
实施例2
按表4中所列的各化合物及重量百分数配制成实施例2的液晶组合物,其填充于液晶显示器两基板之间进行性能测试,测试数据如下表所示:
表4 液晶组合物配方及其测试性能
实施例3
按表5中所列的各化合物及重量百分数配制成实施例3的液晶组合物,其填充于液晶显示器两基板之间进行性能测试,测试数据如下表所示:
表5 液晶组合物配方及其测试性能
实施例4
按表6中所列的各化合物及重量百分数配制成实施例4的液晶组合物,其填充于液晶显示器两基板之间进行性能测试,测试数据如下表所示:
表6 液晶组合物配方及其测试性能
实施例5
按表7中所列的各化合物及重量百分数配制成实施例5的液晶组合物,其填充于液晶显示器两基板之间进行性能测试,测试数据如下表所示:
表7 液晶组合物配方及其测试性能
实施例6
按表8中所列的各化合物及重量百分数配制成实施例6的液晶组合物,其填充于液晶显示器两基板之间进行性能测试,测试数据如下表所示:
表8 液晶组合物配方及其测试性能
实施例7
按表9中所列的各化合物及重量百分数配制成实施例7的液晶组合物,其填充于液晶显示器两基板之间进行性能测试,测试数据如下表所示:
表9 液晶组合物配方及其测试性能
为了突出本发明的液晶组合物的有益效果,发明人选取和本发明实施例体系相近的对比例。通过以上对比例1、实施例1-7可以看出,包含本发明通式Ⅰ的液晶组合物可以显著的提高低温存储性能,再匹配以通式Ⅱ-1和/或通式Ⅱ-2的中性组分时,可以显著增大弹性常数K11和K33,能够提升对比度。综上,本发明提供的液晶组合物具有适合的光学各向异性以及高的弹性常数K11和K33,还具有相对高的清亮点和相对低的介电各向异性,所述液晶组合物应用于液晶显示器中时,可以具有较好的耐候性及较高的对比度。
以上实施方式只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人了解本发明内容并加以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围,凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述液晶组合物包含:
至少一种通式Ⅰ的化合物
以及
至少一种选自由通式Ⅱ-1、通式Ⅱ-2及其组合组成的组的化合物
其中,
R1、R2、R3、R4、R3’和R4’各自独立的表示-H、-F、含有1-12个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-12个碳原子的烯基或烯氧基、-OR5OR6其中所述烷基或烷氧基和所述烯基或烯氧基中的一个或多个H可以被F取代,且R1和R2中至少一个为-OR5OR6
R5和R6各自独立的表示含有1-12个碳原子的烷基或含有2-12个碳原子的烯基;
Z1、Z2和Z3各自独立的表示单键、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-或-CH2CH2-;
L1和L2各自独立的表示-F、-Cl、-CN或-NCS;
和环各自独立的表示其中,中一个或多个-CH2-可被-O-替代,中一个或多个H可以被卤素取代;
和环各自独立的表示
n1和n2各自独立的表示0、1、2或3,且当n1为2或3时,环可以相同或不同,Z1可以相同或不同;当n2为2或3时,环可以相同或不同,Z2可以相同或不同;
m表示1或2,且当m为2时,环可以相同或不同,Z3可以相同或不同。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述通式Ⅰ的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
其中,
表示且当n1为1时,环表示当n1为2或3时,至少一个环表示
L6、L7、L8和L9各自独立的表示-H或-F;
o表示1或2;
p和q各自独立的表示0或1。
3.根据权利要求2所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述通式Ⅰ-1的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅰ-2的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
其中,
R11和R21各自独立的表示-H、-F、含有1-7个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-7个碳原子的烯基或烯氧基、-OR51OR61其中所述烷基或烷氧基和所述烯基或烯氧基中的一个或多个H可以被F取代,且R11和R21中至少一个为-OR51OR61
R51和R61各自独立的表示含有1-10个碳原子的烷基或含有2-10个碳原子的烯基。
4.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述通式Ⅱ-1的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
所述通式Ⅱ-2的化合物选自如下化合物组成的组:
其中,
R31、R41、R31’和R41’各自独立的表示H、含有1-7个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-7个碳原子的烯基或烯氧基。
5.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述液晶组合物至少包含2wt%以上的通式Ⅱ-2的化合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述R5为-C3H6-或-C4H8-。
7.根据权利要求1所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述液晶组合物还包含至少一种通式Ⅲ的化合物
其中,
R7和R8各自独立的表示-H、-F、含有1-12个碳原子的烷基或烷氧基、含有2-12个碳原子的烯基或烯氧基、其中所述烷基或烷氧基和所述烯基或烯氧基中的一个或多个H可以被F取代;
Z4和Z5各自独立的表示单键、-COO-、-OCO-、-CH2O-、-OCH2-或-CH2CH2-;
和环各自独立的表示其中,中一个或多个-CH2-可被-O-替代,中一个或多个H可以被卤素取代;
k1和k2各自独立的表示0、1、2或3,且当k1为2或3时,环可以相同或不同,Z4可以相同或不同;当k2为2或3时,环可以相同或不同,Z5可以相同或不同。
8.根据权利要求7所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述通式Ⅰ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~60%,所述通式Ⅱ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~55%,所述通式Ⅲ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的0%~60%。
9.根据权利要求8所述的液晶组合物,其特征在于,所述通式Ⅰ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~50%,所述通式Ⅱ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的1%~55%,所述通式Ⅲ的化合物占所述液晶组合物总重量的0%~55%。
10.一种包含权利要求1~9任一项所述液晶组合物的液晶显示器件。
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