CN109204368B - A reusable energy-absorbing structure for anti-collision of rail vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a reusable energy-absorbing structure for anti-collision of rail vehicles, comprising an impacted rod, an outer tube, a damping structure, a recovery structure and an end base; the damping structure includes a damping plug, a guide tube, a damping elastic element and an end base. a small base, the recovery structure includes a recovery piston and a recovery elastic element; the outer tube is a tubular structure and the interior is divided into a front cavity and a rear cavity by a partition plate, and a damping hole is provided on the partition plate so that the damping fluid can flow in the front and rear cavities. At least part of the length of the damping plug is set in the damping hole in the initial position, and the damping plug can move back and forth when it is impacted, and a gap is formed between the thickest radial part of the damping plug and the damping hole for the damping fluid to flow The front and rear cavities communicate with each other, and the guide tube is also provided with a conducting hole so that the damping fluid can circulate in the front and rear cavities. The energy-absorbing structure has good energy-absorbing effect, can reduce the injury to passengers in a secondary collision, and can be reused, thereby significantly reducing the cost of the energy-absorbing structure.

Description

A reusable energy-absorbing structure for anti-collision of rail vehicles

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of safety devices for rail vehicles, in particular to a reusable energy-absorbing structure for anti-collision of rail vehicles.

Background technique

With the development of rail transit, people pay more and more attention to the safety performance of rail vehicles. The current energy-absorbing structure in rail vehicles is mainly based on metal crushing energy absorption, and the structure cannot be used again after crushing. Its mechanical characteristic curve is generally a sawtooth wavy line with a large peak value, and has a high trigger threshold requirement, resulting in a large peak value of deceleration, which is not conducive to the safety of passengers.

The invention patents CN201610860262.4 and CN201610115228.4 previously studied by the inventor of the present invention both provide a collision energy absorbing device for rail vehicles, and these collision energy absorbing devices have achieved good collision buffering effect, but these devices are all Cannot be reused.

In other fields, such as the field of automobile crash energy absorbing devices, some of them apply reusable oil pressure buffers. However, the impact velocity limits that these types of device structures can withstand and the energy levels they can absorb simply cannot meet the relevant requirements in the field of rail vehicles.

Therefore, there is an urgent need in the art to develop a reusable energy-absorbing structure for anti-collision of rail vehicles.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, the present invention provides a reusable energy-absorbing structure for anti-collision of rail vehicles, the energy-absorbing structure includes an impacted rod, an outer tube, a damping structure, a recovery structure and an end base; the damping structure includes a damping plug , a guide tube, a damping elastic element and a small end base, the recovery structure includes a recovery piston and a recovery elastic element; the outer tube is a tubular structure and the interior is divided into a front cavity and a rear cavity by a partition plate, the partition A through-hole-shaped damping hole is arranged on the plate so that the damping fluid can circulate between the front cavity and the rear cavity; the impacted rod includes an impacted end located at the front end and a piston end located at the rear end. The end is arranged in the outer tube, and the impacted end is arranged outside the outer tube; at least part of the length of the damping plug is arranged in the damping hole in the initial position, and the damping plug can follow the energy-absorbing structure when the energy-absorbing structure is impacted The rear end of the outer tube is fixedly connected to the end base, so that the entire energy-absorbing structure can be fixed on the rail vehicle. The rear cavity is provided with a guide tube, a damping elastic element, a small end base, The return piston and the return elastic element, the guide tube is a tubular structure and its front end is fixedly arranged on the partition plate through its connecting plate, and a through hole is arranged on the guide tube so that the rear end of the damping plug passes through the through hole and is arranged on the baffle. Inside the guide tube, a small end base is fixed on the inner side of the rear end of the guide tube, and the rear end of the damping plug is fixed on the small end base through the damping elastic element in the initial position, and the rear end of the damping plug is fixed on the small end base. The radial dimension matches the inner diameter of the guide tube, so the rear end of the damping plug can move back and forth along the inner wall of the guide tube after the energy-absorbing structure is impacted; the return piston is arranged at the axial rear end of the guide tube , in the initial position, the return piston is fixedly arranged on the end base through the return elastic element, and after the energy-absorbing structure is impacted, the return piston can move back and forth under the guidance of the inner wall of the outer tube; the damping fluid is filled in the receiving In the cavity between the rear end of the impact rod and the front end of the return piston; the size of the radially thickest part of the damping plug is smaller than the radial size of the damping hole, so that a gap is formed between the two for the damping fluid to flow in the front cavity and the rear cavity The guide tube is also provided with a through hole so that the damping fluid can flow in the front cavity, the slit, the through hole and the rear cavity outside the guide tube and the small base at the end.

In a specific embodiment, the slit is a circular slit with a width of 0.01-5 mm, preferably 0.5-1.5 mm.

In a specific embodiment, the front end of the damping plug is a circular truncated or pyramidal truncated structure with a thin front and a thick rear.

In a specific embodiment, both the damping elastic element and the restoring elastic element are one of a spring and an inert gas.

In a specific embodiment, when the damping elastic element is a spring, its spring stiffness is 50-2000 N/mm, preferably 100-1000 N/mm.

In a specific embodiment, the damping fluid is hydraulic oil.

In a specific embodiment, in an initial state, the volume of the cavity between the rear end surface of the impacted rod and the front end surface of the partition is greater than the volume of the cavity between the rear end surface of the partition plate and the front end surface of the return piston.

In a specific embodiment, the energy absorbing structure further includes a blocking member disposed between the small end base and the return piston to prevent the return piston from overrecovering and colliding with the small end base, preferably the blocking member It is a blocking ring that is fixed on the inner wall of the outer tube.

In a specific implementation manner, the energy absorbing structure further includes a sealing member arranged at the front end of the outer tube and arranged at the radial outer side of the middle portion of the impacted rod, preferably the connecting plate at the front end of the guide tube is fixedly arranged at the front end by bolts. on the partition.

In a specific embodiment, the axial thickness of the separator is d, and d is 5-100 mm, preferably d is 15-45 mm; when the energy absorbing structure is in the initial position, the front end surface of the damping plug The front end surface of the partition plate is set flush, or the front end surface of the damping plug is set within 0.5d distance before the front end surface of the partition plate, or the front end surface of the damping plug is set at the front end of the partition plate. Within 0.8d distance behind the front end face.

In a specific embodiment, the inner diameter of the guide tube is greater than the radial dimension of the via hole, and the inner diameter of the guide tube is greater than or equal to the radial dimension of the damping hole.

The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

1. In the present invention, at the initial position of the damping structure, the front end of the damping plug is arranged in the damping hole. When the damping structure is impacted, the damping hole is filled with the damping plug because the damping plug gradually withdraws from the damping hole backward. As the volume becomes smaller, the volume of the damping fluid in the corresponding damping hole gradually increases, so the damping process that occurs after the collision in the present invention is a "non-constant" process, which is more than the "constant damping fluid filling volume in the damping hole" in the prior art. ” the collision process is more gradual.

2. In a preferred way, in the present invention, when the front end of the damping plug is set in a circular truncated or pyramidal truncated shape with a small front and a large rear, after the energy-absorbing structure is impacted, not only the damping plug exits the damping hole It causes the volume change in the axial direction, and the front end of the damping plug in the damping hole also changes in the radial dimension, which makes the change of the "non-constant damping fluid filling volume in the damping hole after the collision" of the present invention more obvious. The crash cushioning process is gentler than when using cylindrical or prismatic damping plug front ends.

3. In the present invention, the damping plug is subjected to different pressures of the damping elastic element and damping fluid at different positions. Under the impact state, the damping structure can automatically adjust the length of the damping plug extending into the damping hole to form different damping structures. So as to achieve a gentle damping effect.

4. In general, after the damping structure of the present invention is subjected to a collision, its mechanical characteristic curve is very perfect, the damping structure has zero trigger force, the resistance force rises quickly, the buffer force is stable, the energy absorption effect is good, and the damping structure can be reduced in two. Injury to occupants in a secondary collision, and can be reused to significantly reduce the cost of the damping structure.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the appearance structure of the energy absorbing structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a front view of the structure shown in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A of the structure shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a part of the structure shown in FIG. 3 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the damping structure in the energy absorbing structure according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a front view of the structure shown in FIG. 5 .

FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken along the line B-B of the structure shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 .

FIG. 8 is a collision simulation result of the energy-absorbing structure of the present invention under different spring stiffnesses.

Detailed ways

The present invention is illustrated by the following embodiments and drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the claims.

Example 1

As shown in Figures 1 to 7, the present invention provides a reusable energy-absorbing structure for rail vehicle anti-collision, the energy-absorbing structure includes an impacted rod, an outer tube, a damping structure, a recovery structure and an end base; The damping structure includes a damping plug, a guide tube, a damping elastic element and a small end base, and the restoring structure includes a restoring piston and a restoring elastic element; the outer tube is a tubular structure and the interior is divided into a front cavity and a rear by a partition plate A cavity, a through-hole-shaped damping hole is arranged on the baffle, so that the damping fluid can circulate between the front cavity and the rear cavity; the impacted rod includes an impacted end at the front end and a piston end at the rear end , the piston end of the impacted rod is set in the outer tube, and the impacted end is set outside the outer tube; the damping plug is at least partially set in the damping hole in the initial position, and the damping plug is set in the damping hole when the energy-absorbing structure is impacted It can move along the front and rear directions of the energy-absorbing structure. The rear end of the outer tube is fixedly connected to the end base, so that the entire energy-absorbing structure can be fixed on the rail vehicle. The rear cavity is provided with a guide tube and a damping elastic element. , a small base at the end, a return piston and a return elastic element, the guide tube is a tubular structure and its front end is fixed on the partition plate through its connecting plate, and the guide tube is provided with a via hole so that the rear end of the damping plug passes through the The through hole is arranged inside the guide tube, the inner side of the rear end of the guide tube is fixedly provided with a small end base, and in the initial position, the rear end of the damping plug is fixedly arranged on the small end base through the damping elastic element, so The radial dimension of the rear end of the damping plug matches the inner diameter of the guide tube, so that the rear end of the damping plug can move back and forth along the inner wall of the guide tube after the energy-absorbing structure is impacted; the return piston is arranged on the guide tube. At the axial rear end of the tube, the return piston is fixed on the end base through the return elastic element at the initial position, and the return piston can move back and forth under the guidance of the inner wall of the outer tube after the energy-absorbing structure is impacted; The damping fluid is filled in the cavity between the rear end of the impacted rod and the front end of the return piston; the size of the radially thickest part of the damping plug is smaller than the radial size of the damping hole, so that a gap is formed between the two for the damping fluid to circulate. There is communication between the front cavity and the rear cavity, and the guide tube is also provided with a conducting hole, so that the damping fluid can pass through the front cavity, the gap, the conducting hole and the rear cavity in the area other than the guide tube and the small base at the end flow in the body.

It should be noted that the "fixed connection" or "fixed arrangement" mentioned in the present invention both include non-removable fixed connection methods such as welding and detachable fixed connection methods such as screw connection. In the present invention, the initial position is the state of the damping structure before being impacted by an external force. In the present invention, the axial direction is the front and rear direction of the damping structure, and the radial direction is the direction relative to the axial direction. The "radial dimension" in the present invention does not mean that the corresponding components can only be cylindrical or truncated. The circumferentially symmetrical shape may also be a triangular, quadrangular or other polygonal shape in cross section.

Specifically, the damping hole is, for example, a cylindrical through hole with a diameter of 1-80 mm. In the figure, the damping hole is a cylindrical hole with a diameter of 30 mm. The front end of the corresponding damping plug is 20 mm in diameter at the thinnest part, 28 mm in diameter at the thickest part and The height of the circular truncated front end of the damping plug is the same as the thickness of the partition plate, and the circular truncated front end of the damping plug and the cylindrical damping hole form a gap with a width of 1 mm. The inner diameter of the outer tube is 100mm, the axial length of the front cavity (the length between the rear end face of the impacted rod and the front end face of the baffle) at the initial position is 80mm, and the axial length of the rear cavity (the length of the baffle) is 80mm. The length from the rear end surface to the front end surface of the return piston) is 30 mm. In the present invention, in the initial position, the front end surface of the damping plug is flush with the front end surface of the partition plate, and after the collision, under the action of the restoring piston and the restoring elastic element, the damping plug is The front end face of the separator is returned to the position flush with the front end face of the baffle.

In a specific embodiment, both the damping elastic element and the restoring elastic element are one of a spring and an inert gas. When the damping elastic element and the restoring elastic element are springs, the rear end of the damping plug is fixedly connected with the front end of the damping elastic element, and the rear end of the damping elastic element is fixedly connected with the end small base; the rear end of the restoring piston is fixedly connected with the restoring elastic element The front end of the element is fixedly connected, and the rear end of the return elastic element is fixedly connected to the end base. When the damping elastic element and the restoring elastic element are both inert gas, the relative position of the damping plug and the small end base is fixed at the initial position by filling the corresponding cavity with inert gas with a certain pressure, The relative position of the return piston and the end base is fixed. During the impact of the energy-absorbing structure, the inert gas is compressed, and its internal pressure increases. When the impact is over, the external pressure decreases. At this time, the internal pressure of the inert gas is greater than the external pressure, and the inert gas will push the return piston to return to the original position. In the present invention, the damping fluid may be hydraulic oil or other fluids with relatively high viscosity.

In a specific embodiment, the energy absorbing structure further includes a sealing member 2 arranged at the foremost end of the outer tube and at the radial outer side of the middle portion of the impacted rod. Specifically, the axial gap between the front side of the piston end of the impacted rod and the seal is set as a vacuum. In the present invention, the sealing member 2 mainly plays the following functions. One is to block the movement limit position of the impacted rod 1 when it returns forward. It is the most convenient to handle during assembly and maintenance. For example, there is no need to cut off the outer tube and then weld it during assembly. Third, the seal 2 further acts as a damping fluid seal on the outer tube to prevent the damping fluid from leaking outside the energy-absorbing structure.

In a specific embodiment, the axial thickness of the baffle is d, and d is 5-100 mm, preferably d is 15-45 mm; in the initial position, the front end surface of the damping plug and the baffle The front end face of the plate is set flush, or the front end face of the damping plug is set within a distance of 0.5d before the front end face of the partition plate, or the front end face of the damping plug is set behind the front end face of the baffle plate within 0.8d distance. In the present invention, in the initial position, if the front end surface of the damping plug protrudes from the front end surface of the partition plate too long, the damping plug may be damaged when the damping structure is impacted. If the front end face of the separator is too long, it is difficult to achieve the ideal impact effect. When the front end face of the damping plug completely exits the damping hole and enters the rear cavity, the flow of damping fluid at the gap becomes the flow of damping fluid in the entire damping hole, so almost no damping effect can be achieved at this time.

The working principle of the energy-absorbing structure in the present invention is as follows: after an object of a certain mass and speed hits the impacted rod 1, the impacted rod 1 compresses the damping fluid in the front cavity, and the damping fluid generates a damping force through the damping structure. During the impact process, the damping plug moves backward along the guide tube under the action of the damping fluid pressure, and the damping elastic element connected with the damping plug has a reaction force on the damping plug. These two functions will make the damping plug move back and forth along the guide tube, and the relative position of the damping plug and the damping hole will change during the movement, forming a constantly changing damping structure, so as to achieve a better damping effect. During the impact process, with the increase of damping fluid in the rear cavity, the return piston moves backward along the inner wall of the outer tube under the action of the damping fluid pressure. After the impact, the return piston returns to the original position under the action of the return elastic element. During the recovery process, the recovery piston pushes the damping fluid and the impacted rod back to the original position before the impact.

FIG. 8 is a crash simulation result of the energy absorbing structure according to the present invention under different damping spring stiffnesses. The picture shows the simulation of a rigid spring (incompressible), a spring with a stiffness of 1000N/mm, and a spring with a stiffness of 400N/mm (it is easier to compress than a spring of 1000N/mm) impacting a 1 ton object at a speed of 7 meters per second The simulation data obtained by the damping structure of the present invention. It can be seen from the simulation results in the figure that when the stiffness of the damping spring is 400N/mm, the energy-absorbing structure has an excellent impact energy-absorbing effect.

The above content is a further detailed description of the present invention in conjunction with specific preferred embodiments, and it cannot be considered that the specific implementation of the present invention is limited to these descriptions. For those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, without departing from the concept of the present invention, some simple deductions and substitutions can also be made, all of which should be regarded as belonging to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A reusable anti-collision energy-absorbing structure for rail vehicles, the energy-absorbing structure comprising an impacted rod (1), an outer tube (3), a damping structure (4), a recovery structure and an end base (7) ); The damping structure includes a damping plug (8), a guide tube (10), a damping elastic element (11) and a small end base (12), and the restoring structure includes a restoring piston (5) and a restoring elastic element (6); The outer tube has a tubular structure, and the interior is divided into a front cavity (14) and a rear cavity (15) by a partition plate, and a through-hole-shaped damping hole (13) is provided on the partition plate, so that the damping fluid can flow in the front Circulation between the cavity and the rear cavity; The impacted rod includes an impacted end located at the front end and a piston end located at the rear end, the piston end of the impacted rod is arranged in the outer tube, and the impacted end is arranged outside the outer tube; At least a part of the length of the damping plug is arranged in the damping hole in the initial position, and when the energy-absorbing structure is impacted, the damping plug can move along the front-rear direction of the energy-absorbing structure, and the rear end of the outer tube passes through the end portion. The fixed connection of the base enables the entire energy-absorbing structure to be fixed on the rail vehicle. The rear cavity is provided with a guide pipe, a damping elastic element, a small end base, a return piston and a return elastic element. The guide pipe is a tubular structure and its The front end is fixedly arranged on the partition plate through its connecting plate (101), and the guide pipe is provided with a through hole (102) so that the rear end of the damping plug passes through the through hole and is arranged inside the guide pipe, and the rear end of the guide pipe is provided with a through hole (102). The inner side is fixedly provided with a small end base, and in the initial position, the rear end of the damping plug is fixedly arranged on the small end base through the damping elastic element, and the radial dimension of the rear end of the damping plug is the same as that of the guide tube. Therefore, after the energy-absorbing structure is impacted, the rear end of the damping plug can move back and forth along the inner wall of the guide tube; the return piston is arranged at the axial rear end of the guide tube, and at the initial position, the return piston passes through the The restoring elastic element is fixedly arranged on the end base, and the restoring piston can move back and forth under the guidance of the inner wall of the outer tube after the energy absorbing structure is impacted; The damping fluid is filled in the cavity between the rear end of the impacted rod and the front end of the return piston; the size of the radial thickest part of the damping plug is smaller than the radial size of the damping hole, so that a gap is formed between the two for the damping fluid. It communicates between the front cavity and the rear cavity, and the guide tube is also provided with a conducting hole (16), so that the damping fluid can pass through the front cavity, the gap, the conducting hole and outside the guide tube and the small base at the end flow in the rear cavity of the region. 2 . The energy absorbing structure according to claim 1 , wherein the slit is an annular slit with a width of 0.5-1.5 mm. 3 . 3 . The energy absorbing structure according to claim 1 , wherein the front end of the damping plug is a circular truncated or pyramidal truncated structure with a thin front and a thick rear. 4 . 4 . The energy absorbing structure according to claim 1 , wherein the damping elastic element and the restoring elastic element are both one of a spring and an inert gas. 5 . 5 . The energy absorbing structure according to claim 4 , wherein when the damping elastic element is a spring, its spring stiffness is 100-1000 N/mm. 6 . 6. The energy absorbing structure according to claim 1, wherein the damping fluid is hydraulic oil. 7 . The energy-absorbing structure according to claim 1 , wherein the energy-absorbing structure further comprises a device disposed between the small base at the end and the return piston to prevent the return piston from overrecovering and colliding with the small base at the end. 8 . A blocking member (17) is provided, and the blocking member is a blocking ring fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the outer tube. 8. The energy-absorbing structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, the energy-absorbing structure further comprises a sealing member (2) arranged at the foremost end of the outer tube and radially outside the middle of the impacted rod , and the connecting plate at the front end of the guide tube is fixed on the partition plate by bolts (9). 9 . The energy-absorbing structure according to claim 1 , wherein the axial thickness of the partition plate is d, and d is 15-45 mm; when the energy-absorbing structure is in the initial position, all The front end surface of the damping plug is set flush with the front end surface of the partition plate, or the front end surface of the damping plug is arranged within 0.5d distance before the front end surface of the partition plate, or the front end surface of the damping plug Set within a distance of 0.8d behind the front end face of the separator. 10 . The energy absorbing structure according to claim 1 , wherein the inner diameter of the guide tube is larger than the radial dimension of the via hole, and the inner diameter of the guide tube is larger than or equal to the radial dimension of the damping hole. 11 . size.