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CN109186741A - A kind of vibration detection device and method of contactless aircraft tail - Google Patents

A kind of vibration detection device and method of contactless aircraft tail Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109186741A
CN109186741A CN201811157592.2A CN201811157592A CN109186741A CN 109186741 A CN109186741 A CN 109186741A CN 201811157592 A CN201811157592 A CN 201811157592A CN 109186741 A CN109186741 A CN 109186741A
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aircraft tail
vibration
tail structure
computer
detection device
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邱志成
黄子骞
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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South China University of Technology SCUT
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01HMEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H9/00Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses the vibration detection devices and method of a kind of contactless aircraft tail, including aircraft tail body part, driver unit and vibration detecting part and control section;The aircraft tail body part includes aircraft tail structure, the driver unit includes vibration excitor, signal generator and power amplifier, the vibration detecting part includes projector, accelerometer and CCD camera, and the control section includes piezoelectric ceramic actuator, torsion mode driver, amplifying circuit and D/A converter;To realize the measurement and control vibrated to aircraft tail body part.

Description

A kind of vibration detection device and method of contactless aircraft tail
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vibration control fields of aircraft tail, and in particular to a kind of vibration inspection of contactless aircraft tail Survey apparatus and method.
Background technique
Empennage is mounted in a kind of device of airplane tail group, for enhancing stability of the aircraft in flight course.Flying One of the damage that aircraft tail faces during row is exactly the buffeting of empennage.Aircraft especially fighter plane air-flow in the big angle of attack passes through That crosses fuselage and wing diffuses to form buffeting.The irregular oscillation for being defined as aircaft configuration caused by turbulent flow is buffeted, in aircraft The high-intensitive vortex load that will form in flight course, this vortex will increase lift when passing through wing and fuselage, but when it is prominent The turbulent flow that high-energy can be generated to tail structure when meeting aircraft tail impacts, and impact just forms aircraft tail structure for a long time It is lasting to buffet.The chattering phenomenon of aircraft tail structure increases the structural stress that aircraft is born in flight course, for fighter plane For, it also will affect the operation such as aiming, tracking of weapon system, weaken combat performance to a certain extent.It can be seen that buffeting It is fatal to aircraft especially high-performance fighter aircraft bring harm;For in economic benefit, it is normal that buffeting increases aircraft Maintenance cost during one's term of military service.Foreign countries are more early to the research starting of aircraft tail chattering phenomenon, detect aircraft using piezoelectric material The method of empennage vibrational state is commonplace;The country is more rare to the research of aircraft buffeting, and Experiment Result is less, initially more collection In be aircraft buffeting characteristic theoretical research.The nineteen ninety-five country reports the wind- tunnel investigation of L8 aircraft buffeting, which surveys The relationship that aircaft configuration is separated with the relationship of buffet margin, the angle of attack with air-flow is tried.Hereafter gradually move towards specific from theoretical research Experiment.
So far, the vibration detection device in mainstream for the research of aircraft tail chattering phenomenon is mainly using piezoelectric sensing Device, this contact measurement method, since detection device is directly contacted with measured object, so load effect is certainly existed, thus Experimental error is introduced, experimental precision is influenced.During the vibration detection of research aircraft empennage, vibration detection link department perceives quilt The function of object vibrational state is surveyed, so vibration detection device and method have very important importance in selection and implementation.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome shortcoming and deficiency of the existing technology, the present invention provides a kind of contactless aircraft tail vibration inspection Survey apparatus and method.
The device uses vibration excitor exciting aircraft tail, and vibration detecting part detects the vibration letter of aircraft tail body part Computer is sent to after breath, computer sends a signal to vibration control part after respective handling, and the latter is to aircraft tail sheet Body portion is controlled, to realize the measurement and control vibrated to aircraft tail body part.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of vibration detection device of contactless aircraft tail, including aircraft tail body part, driver unit, vibration Detection part and control section;
The aircraft tail body part includes aircraft tail structure, and the aircraft tail structural vertical is fixed on experimental bench On, fixed one end is known as fixing end, and the other end is free end;
The driver unit includes vibration excitor, signal generator and power amplifier, and the vibration excitor is arranged in airplane tail The reverse side of wing structure, vibration excitor mandril are contacted with the reverse side of aircraft tail structure, and are located at free end, and signal generator generates letter Number input power amplifier further drives vibration excitor to evoke aircraft tail structural vibration;
The vibration detecting part includes projector, accelerometer, a pair of of CCD camera, charge amplifier, A/D capture card And computer, the projector are connect with computer, the front for being projected in aircraft tail structure forms multiple incident points;
The pair of CCD camera is used to detect the vibration information in multiple incident points and is sent to computer;
The accelerometer is mounted on the edge of aircraft tail structure free end, and the signal of accelerometer acquisition passes through charge Amplifier and A/D capture card input computer;
The control section includes piezoelectric ceramic actuator, torsion mode driver, amplifying circuit and D/A converter;
The piezoelectric ceramic actuator is pasted onto the positive and negative of aircraft tail structure, and close to fixing end;
The torsion mode driver is pasted onto the positive and negative of aircraft tail structure;
The computer handles vibration information to obtain control signal, through D/A converter and amplifying circuit, further Piezoelectric ceramic actuator and torsion mode driver are driven, the vibration of aircraft tail structure is inhibited.
It further include camera head and sliding rail, the CCD camera is mounted on camera head, and camera head is slided on the slide rail It is dynamic.
The piezoelectric ceramic actuator is made of multi-disc piezoelectric ceramic piece, and multi-disc piezoelectric ceramic piece is arranged at "-" type.
The torsion mode driver is made of eight piezoelectric driving plates, four, every face, and is located at along the several of spanwise What size middle position, two-sided antisymmetry connect and compose torsion mode driver.
Subpoint is located at the top of torsion mode driver.
The vibration excitor is two, is located at the left and right sides of aircraft tail structure free end, and accelerometer, which is located at, to fly The free end left side edge of tail wing structure.
It further include detection platform, the projector and CCD camera are located at detection platform, and detection platform is arranged in aircraft tail The front of structure.
A kind of method of contactless aircraft tail vibration detection device, includes the following steps:
The first step, signal generator generate signal, drive vibration excitor to evoke aircraft tail structure after power amplifier Vibration;
Second step, computer control projector output, form multiple incident points in the front of aircraft tail structure;
Third step, the vibration information of a pair of of CCD camera detection subpoint, inputs computer;Accelerometer detects airplane tail The vibration information of wing structure inputs computer by charge amplifier and A/D capture card;
4th step, computer handle vibration information to obtain control signal, and control signal is by D/A converter and puts Big circuit amplification rear-guard moves piezoelectric ceramic actuator and torsion mode driver, inhibits the vibration of aircraft tail structure.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) present invention forms multiple incident points in the front of aircraft tail structural model using projector, and measuring device can Multiple incident points in different location are measured simultaneously, and processing data are greatly to be conducive to reduce error;
(2) present invention detects aircraft tail structural model using binocular vision system, compared to the prior art, Advantage is: do not have to directly contact testee, so the dynamic property of testee is not influenced;System features in convenient, structure It is uncomplicated;More incident points are detected simultaneously, can reduce experimental error, improve measurement accuracy etc.;
(3) present invention uses vibration excitor as excitation input equipment, small with bandwidth, efficient, energy conservation and the distortion factor The advantages that, the performance of the present apparatus can be effectively improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the vibration detection device of the contactless aircraft tail of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the incident point distribution map of aircraft tail in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the main view of the vibration detection device of the contactless aircraft tail of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the top view of the vibration detection device of the contactless aircraft tail of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the left view of the vibration detection device of the contactless aircraft tail of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to examples and drawings, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not It is limited to this.
Embodiment
As Figure 1-Figure 5, a kind of vibration detection device of contactless aircraft tail, including aircraft tail body part Point, driver unit and vibration detecting part and control section;
The aircraft tail body part includes aircraft tail structure 4, bottom plate 6 and experimental bench 5;The experimental bench is aluminium profiles Material seat, plays a supportive role, and the bottom plate is two, and two bottom plates are fixed on experimental bench by spiral marking connection, two bottom panel sides Aircraft tail structure is clamped on experimental bench by spiral marking connection, and it is made to keep vertical state, convenient for detection.
The driver unit includes vibration excitor 2, vibration excitor pedestal 1, signal generator 16 and power amplifier 15, and described two Platform vibration excitor and vibration excitor pedestal are placed on the reverse side of aircraft tail structure, and specific two vibration excitors are located at aircraft tail structure The left and right sides of free end, vibration excitor mandril are contacted with the surface of aircraft tail structure, and signal generator accesses after generating signal Power amplifier, then vibration excitor evokes aircraft tail structural vibration.
The vibration detecting part includes projector 12, accelerometer 3 and binocular vision detection system, the binocular vision Detection system and projector are arranged in detection platform 13, and the detection platform is aluminum profile seat, are used to support vibration detection Part.
Computer control projector makes the front of aircraft tail structure form multiple subpoints, to examine to binocular vision system It surveys.
The binocular vision detection system includes that a pair of of CCD camera 11, camera head 10 and sliding rail 9 are constituted, a pair of of CCD phase Machine is mounted on camera head, and the knob and ball adapter for adjusting camera head can realize the function of fine tuning camera shooting angle Can, camera head is installed on the slide rail, and the holder that moves on the slide rail just can change the camera site of camera.
CCD camera shoots the vibration information of multiple subpoints and is sent to computer.
The accelerometer 3 is mounted on the top edge of aircraft tail structure free end, and the signal of accelerometer acquisition passes through Charge amplifier 20 amplifies, and A/D capture card 19 is transferred in computer 18 after acquiring;By repeatedly experiment can be counted accurately repeatedly Calculate the vibrational state for obtaining aircraft tail body part;
The control section includes piezoelectric ceramic actuator 8, torsion mode driver 7, amplifying circuit 14 and D/A converter 17;
Piezoelectric ceramic actuator is made of multi-disc piezoelectric ceramic piece, front and reverse side positioned at aircraft tail structure, at "-" type arrangement, positioned at the fixing end of aircraft tail structure.
Multiple torsion mode drivers are mounted in the middle part of the aircraft tail body structure surface, multiple torsion mode drivers are at one Font arrangement, between subpoint and piezoelectric ceramic actuator.
Computer handles vibration information to obtain control signal, through D/A converter and amplifying circuit, further drives Piezoelectric ceramic actuator and torsion mode driver, further suppress the vibration of aircraft tail structure.
The torsion mode driver is made of eight piezoelectric driving plates, four, every face, and is located at along the several of spanwise What size middle position, two-sided antisymmetry connect and compose torsion mode driver.
Use vibration excitor as excitation input equipment, has many advantages, such as that bandwidth, efficient, energy conservation and the distortion factor are small, energy Effectively improve the performance of the present apparatus.
The course of work of the invention:
Signal generator generates signal, and vibration excitor is driven to evoke the vibration of aircraft tail structure after power amplifier;
Computer controls projector output, forms multiple incident points in the front of aircraft tail structure;
The vibration information of a pair of of CCD camera detection subpoint, inputs computer;Accelerometer detects aircraft tail structure Vibration information inputs computer by charge amplifier and A/D capture card;
Computer handles vibration information to obtain control signal, and control signal passes through D/A converter and amplifying circuit Amplify rear-guard and move piezoelectric ceramic actuator and torsion mode driver, inhibits the vibration of aircraft tail structure.
In vibration processes, the binocular vision system detection of a pair of of CCD camera composition flies the aircraft tail structural model The vibration information of tail wing structure model;The accelerometer detection vibration information is simultaneously to compare.Compared to existing empennage Vibration detection mode of the structure based on piezoelectric transducer, it is advantageous that: the binocular vision detection mode based on more incident points, no With testee is directly contacted, so do not influence the dynamic property of testee;System features in convenient, structure are uncomplicated;It is throw more Exit point detects simultaneously, can reduce experimental error, improves measurement accuracy etc..
In the present embodiment, a length of 288mm in measurand aircraft tail structural model top, following a length of 720mm, it is a height of 460mm, with a thickness of 1mm, material selection aluminium alloy, density of material 2770kg/m3, Poisson's ratio 0.31, elasticity modulus is 193GPa。
Vibration excitor selects the HEV series vibration excitor of Nanjing Fo Neng Scientific and Technical Industry Co., Ltd production, the series excitation element Product is small, light-weight.The vibration excitor of model HEV-50 is selected, maximum exciting force is 50N, and bandwidth range is 0~3000Hz, most Large amplitude ± 5mm has many advantages, such as that efficient, energy conservation and the distortion factor are small.
Torsion mode driver length is 60mm, width 60mm, with a thickness of 0.5mm, material selection PZT-BM500 type; Piezoelectric ceramic actuator length is 30mm, width 10mm, and with a thickness of 0.5mm, material type selects PZT-5H, and dielectric constant is 3200, piezoelectric charge coefficient 640pC/N, voltage constant -9.3 × 10-3V·m/N。
D/A converter selects the model ISL5857 type high-speed d/a converter of Intersil company production, resolution ratio It is 12, maximum conversion ratio is 260MSPS, and voltage 3.3V, temperature range is -40 DEG C~85 DEG C;A/D capture card is selected ISLA222S12 type speedy carding process ADC, resolution ratio be 12, maximum conversion ratio position 125MSPS, temperature range be -40 DEG C~ 85℃。
Projector select Sony production model VPL-EX433 projector, resolution ratio be 1024 × 768dpi;CCD camera selects the high speed camera of the equal electron rich Science and Technology Ltd. production in Shanghai, model FASTCAM Mini WX100/WX50, image resolution ratio are 2048 × 2048 pixels, frame rate 1080fps;Camera lens selects Computar company raw The industrial lens of production, model M1614-MP, lens focus 16mm, maximum imaging size are 8.8mm × 6.6mm, resolution ratio For 100lpm, interface type is C- interface;Camera and camera lens gross weight 1.5kg.Camera head selects the special of Fei Mansi company production With T1 spherical pan head, maximum can bear the camera of 8kg weight, be used to verify the levelness of platform equipped with level meter thereon;Sliding rail The model Famous F8 PRO photography sliding rail of Fei Mansi company production is selected, sliding rail material is carbon fiber, light-weight, anti-tensile Intensity is high, and gliding smoothing is smooth.CCD camera is mounted on holder, and the knob and ball adapter for adjusting holder can be realized micro- The function of phase modifier shooting angle;Holder is installed on the slide rail, and mobile holder just can change the camera site of CCD camera.
Computer selects the IPC610 cabinet of Taiwan Advantech company production, PCA-6006 mainboard, Pentium IV 2.4G Intel CPU。
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by the embodiment Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1.一种非接触式飞机尾翼的振动检测装置,其特征在于,包括飞机尾翼本体部分、激励部分、振动检测部分及控制部分;1. the vibration detection device of a non-contact aircraft tail, is characterized in that, comprises aircraft tail body part, excitation part, vibration detection part and control part; 所述飞机尾翼本体部分包括飞机尾翼结构,所述飞机尾翼结构竖直固定在实验台上,固定的一端称为固定端,另一端为自由端;The aircraft tail body part includes an aircraft tail structure, the aircraft tail structure is vertically fixed on the test bench, the fixed end is called the fixed end, and the other end is the free end; 所述激励部分包括激振器、信号发生器及功率放大器,所述激振器设置在飞机尾翼结构的反面,激振器顶杆与飞机尾翼结构的反面接触,且位于自由端,信号发生器产生信号输入功率放大器,进一步驱动激振器激起飞机尾翼结构振动;The excitation part includes a vibration exciter, a signal generator and a power amplifier, the vibration exciter is arranged on the reverse side of the aircraft tail structure, the vibration exciter top rod is in contact with the reverse surface of the aircraft tail structure, and is located at the free end, and the signal generator is located at the free end. Generate signal input power amplifier, further drive the vibration exciter to excite the aircraft tail structure vibration; 所述振动检测部分包括投影仪、加速度计、一对CCD相机、电荷放大器、A/D采集卡及计算机,所述投影仪与计算机连接,投影在飞机尾翼结构的正面形成多个投射点;The vibration detection part includes a projector, an accelerometer, a pair of CCD cameras, a charge amplifier, an A/D capture card and a computer, the projector is connected to the computer, and is projected on the front of the aircraft tail structure to form a plurality of projection points; 所述一对CCD相机用于检测多个投射点的振动信息并发送给计算机;The pair of CCD cameras are used to detect vibration information of multiple projection points and send them to the computer; 所述加速度计安装在飞机尾翼结构自由端的边缘,加速度计采集的信号经过电荷放大器及A/D采集卡输入计算机;The accelerometer is installed on the edge of the free end of the aircraft tail structure, and the signal collected by the accelerometer is input to the computer through a charge amplifier and an A/D acquisition card; 所述控制部分包括压电陶瓷驱动器、扭转模态驱动器、放大电路及D/A转换器;The control part includes a piezoelectric ceramic driver, a torsional mode driver, an amplifier circuit and a D/A converter; 所述压电陶瓷驱动器粘贴在飞机尾翼结构的正、反面,且靠近固定端;The piezoelectric ceramic driver is pasted on the front and back of the aircraft tail structure, and is close to the fixed end; 所述扭转模态驱动器粘贴在飞机尾翼结构的正、反面;The torsional mode driver is pasted on the front and back of the aircraft tail structure; 所述计算机对振动信息进行处理得到控制信号,经D/A转换器及放大电路,进一步驱动压电陶瓷驱动器及扭转模态驱动器,抑制飞机尾翼结构的振动。The computer processes the vibration information to obtain a control signal, which further drives the piezoelectric ceramic driver and the torsional mode driver through the D/A converter and the amplifier circuit, so as to suppress the vibration of the aircraft tail structure. 2.根据权利要求1所述的振动检测装置,其特征在于,还包括相机云台及滑轨,所述CCD相机安装在相机云台上,相机云台在滑轨上滑动。2 . The vibration detection device according to claim 1 , further comprising a camera head and a slide rail, the CCD camera is mounted on the camera head, and the camera head slides on the slide rail. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的振动检测装置,其特征在于,所述压电陶瓷驱动器由多片压电陶瓷片构成,多片压电陶瓷片成一字型排列。3 . The vibration detection device according to claim 1 , wherein the piezoelectric ceramic driver is composed of a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets, and the plurality of piezoelectric ceramic sheets are arranged in an inline shape. 4 . 4.根据权利要求1所述的振动检测装置,其特征在于,所述扭转模态驱动器由八片压电驱动片构成,每面四片,且位于沿翼展方向的几何尺寸中间位置,双面反对称连接构成扭转模态驱动器。4 . The vibration detection device according to claim 1 , wherein the torsional mode driver is composed of eight piezoelectric driving sheets, four on each side, and is located in the middle of the geometric dimension along the spanwise direction, and the double The face-to-face antisymmetric connection constitutes a torsional modal drive. 5.根据权利要求1所述的振动检测装置,其特征在于,投影点位于扭转模态驱动器的上方。5 . The vibration detection device of claim 1 , wherein the projection point is located above the torsional mode driver. 6 . 6.根据权利要求1所述的振动检测装置,其特征在于,所述激振器为两台,分别位于飞机尾翼结构自由端的左右两侧,加速度计位于飞机尾翼结构的自由端左侧边缘。6 . The vibration detection device according to claim 1 , wherein there are two vibration exciters, which are respectively located on the left and right sides of the free end of the aircraft tail structure, and the accelerometer is located at the left edge of the free end of the aircraft tail structure. 7 . 7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的振动检测装置,其特征在于,还包括检测平台,所述投影仪及CCD相机位于检测平台,检测平台设置在飞机尾翼结构的前方。7 . The vibration detection device according to claim 1 , further comprising a detection platform, the projector and the CCD camera are located on the detection platform, and the detection platform is arranged in front of the aircraft tail structure. 8 . 8.一种如权利要求1-7任一项所述的振动检测装置的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:8. A method for the vibration detection device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, comprising the steps of: 第一步,信号发生器产生信号,经过功率放大器后驱动激振器激起飞机尾翼结构的振动;In the first step, the signal generator generates a signal, and after passing through the power amplifier, the vibration exciter is driven to excite the vibration of the aircraft tail structure; 第二步,计算机控制投影仪输出,在飞机尾翼结构的正面形成多个投射点;In the second step, the computer controls the projector output to form multiple projection points on the front of the aircraft tail structure; 第三步,一对CCD相机检测投影点的振动信息,输入计算机;加速度计检测飞机尾翼结构的振动信息,通过电荷放大器及A/D采集卡输入计算机;In the third step, a pair of CCD cameras detect the vibration information of the projection point and input it into the computer; the accelerometer detects the vibration information of the aircraft tail structure, and inputs it into the computer through the charge amplifier and A/D acquisition card; 第四步,计算机对振动信息进行处理得到控制信号,控制信号经过D/A转换器及放大电路放大后驱动压电陶瓷驱动器及扭转模态驱动器,抑制飞机尾翼结构的振动。In the fourth step, the computer processes the vibration information to obtain a control signal, and the control signal is amplified by the D/A converter and the amplifier circuit to drive the piezoelectric ceramic driver and the torsional mode driver to suppress the vibration of the aircraft tail structure.
CN201811157592.2A 2018-09-30 2018-09-30 A kind of vibration detection device and method of contactless aircraft tail Pending CN109186741A (en)

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Application publication date: 20190111