The method of comprehensive utilization of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of lithium batteries, and in particular to a kind of comprehensive utilization side of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material
Method.
Background technique
Ferric phosphate lithium cell has many advantages, such as that safety is high, at low cost, the service life is long, is a kind of outstanding lithium ion power electricity
Pond is widely used to electric automobiles.With the fast development of China's new-energy automobile, the yield of ferric phosphate lithium cell is substantially
Degree increases, but is limited (3~10 years) by the ferric phosphate lithium cell service life, it is contemplated that the learies of the year two thousand twenty China waste phosphoric acid lithium iron battery
It is up to peak, needs to carry out ferric phosphate lithium cell safely and effectively resource utilization and handles.Around ferric phosphate lithium cell
Harmless improvement and valuable component higher value application, have developed many techniques.
There is the method for preparing lithium carbonate using ferric phosphate lithium cell in the prior art, by the dismantling of waste and old phosphoric acid cells, sorting
Obtain the powder of aluminium powder, copper powder and phosphoric acid iron lithium, 400~600 DEG C of roastings under inert gas protection of the powder of phosphoric acid iron lithium
It burns, inorganic acid is added after roasting and hydrogen peroxide is reacted, separation of solid and liquid obtains filtrate, adjusts filtrate pH value with lye and carries out
Two steps removal of impurities, the filtrate evaporative crystallization after removal of impurities, crystal is fired, dissolve after obtain the rich lithium solution of high concentration, use carbon
The lithium that hydrochlorate precipitates in rich lithium solution prepares lithium carbonate.
There is the method for preparing lithium carbonate using lithium iron phosphate positive material in the prior art, positive electrode is crushed, 600
Oxidizing roasting is carried out at~700 DEG C, screening obtains LiFePO4, is mixed and added into decomposition accelerating agent sodium sulphate with the concentrated sulfuric acid and exists
Calcination process at 200 DEG C obtains raw phosphoric acid iron and filtrate containing lithium, obtains battery after raw phosphoric acid ferrofining then through water logging, filtering
Grade ferric phosphate, filtrate containing lithium are added sodium carbonate and precipitate to obtain lithium carbonate.
Have in the prior art using the method from lithium iron phosphate battery anode recycling lithium iron phosphate electrode material, anode is roasted
Positive aluminium flake is recycled in crushing, screening after burning, and obtained LiFePO4 slurry removes conductive agent through flotation, obtains LiFePO4 and glues
Tie the mixture of agent;Oscillation extraction in the mixed liquor of hydrochloric acid and N-Methyl pyrrolidone is fed the mixture into remove in mixture
Binder obtains the crude product of LiFePO4, reheats and removes N-Methyl pyrrolidone and hydrochloric acid, and processing obtains LITHIUM BATTERY phosphoric acid
Iron lithium.
Have in the prior art using the method for preparing high-purity phosphoric acid lithium from ferric phosphate lithium cell, ferric phosphate lithium cell is torn open
Solution, processing obtain powder, and powder is passed through air when roasting, 600~700 DEG C of maturing temperature except no-bonder and other carbon containing objects
Then matter is added alkaline leaching, filtering, obtains filter mud;Filter mud through sulfuric acid leaching, lithium-containing solution is obtained by filtration;It adjusts molten containing lithium
Liquid pH value removes a small amount of iron tramp with P204 extraction lithium-containing solution, then adjusts raffinate pH, sodium phosphate is added and obtains phosphoric acid
Lithium solid precipitating.
In the method for existing lithium iron phosphate electrode material recycling, the recycling majority of lithium is obtained by leaching method containing lithium
Lithium carbonate is prepared after solution, it is at high cost to the method that the recycling of phosphorus and iron uses high temperature burn-up carbon based substances, it is seriously polluted;And
And obtained phosphorus and iron purity is low, it is difficult to carry out high value added utilization.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of synthesis of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material
Using method, at least one of to solve the above problems.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The present invention provides a kind of method of comprehensive utilization of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material, comprising the following steps: (1) by phosphorus
Sour lithium iron battery electrode material salt Ore Leaching, separation of solid and liquid obtain immersion liquid containing lithium and the first filter residue;(2) step (1) is obtained
Immersion liquid containing lithium removal of impurities after precipitating, washing obtain lithium carbonate;(3) the first filter hydrochloric acid for dreg for obtaining step (1) leaches, solid-liquid
It is obtained after separation containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid and the second filter residue;(4) contain Fe and PO for what step (3) obtained4 3-Immersion liquid be added
Fe is extracted after additive obtains load organic phases and raffinate;(5) the load organic phases water back extraction recycling obtained step (4)
Iron;(6) raffinate for obtaining step (4) evaporates, and mutually recycling obtains hydrochloric acid for volatilization, and concentrate is phosphoric acid;(7) by step (3)
Carbonaceous material is obtained after the second obtained residue washing.
Preferably, LiFePO4 and carbonaceous material are contained in the ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material.
Preferably, in step (1), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.2~2mol/L.
Preferably, in step (2), the impurity-removing method is, adjusts the pH value of the immersion liquid containing lithium to 3~5.
Preferably, in step (3), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 2~6mol/L.
Preferably, in step (4), the additive is hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, a kind of in sodium hypochlorite, the additive
Additive amount be immersion liquid in Fe2+The 105~110% of mole.
Preferably, in step (4), the extractant that the extracting operation uses is neutral phosphine extractant or amide extractant
One or more of mixing;The neutrality phosphine extractant includes but is not limited to tributyl phosphate, penta rouge of tricresyl phosphate;
The amide kind of extractants is N, (1- methylheptyl) amide of N- bis- or N, N- diethyl lauramide.
Preferably, in step (6), evaporating temperature is 110~140 DEG C of evaporation raffinates, the hydrochloric acid circulation mutually recycled of volatilizing
For the second filter residue extracting stage.
Preferably, in step (7), sour content < 1% in the carbonaceous material.
It can be seen from the above technical proposal that the method for comprehensive utilization of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material of the invention has
Below the utility model has the advantages that
(1) method realizes the synthetical recovery of lithium in lithium iron phosphate electrode material, iron, phosphorus and carbon;
(2) method is without high-temperature process, and low energy consumption, simple process;
(3) acid medium recycles, and waste discharge is reduced in production process, avoids environmental pollution.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the method for comprehensive utilization of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of method of comprehensive utilization of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material, comprising the following steps: by ferric phosphate lithium cell electricity
Pole material salt Ore Leaching, separation of solid and liquid obtain immersion liquid containing lithium and the first filter residue;Precipitating after lithium immersion liquid cleans will be contained, washing obtains
Lithium carbonate;First filter hydrochloric acid for dreg is leached, is obtained after separation of solid and liquid containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid and the second filter residue;Fe will be contained
And PO4 3-Immersion liquid be added additive after extract Fe;Load organic phases water is stripped recycling iron;Raffinate is evaporated, volatilization phase is returned
Receipts obtain hydrochloric acid, and concentrate is phosphoric acid;Carbonaceous material will be obtained after second residue washing.Ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode of the invention
The method of comprehensive utilization of material realizes the synthetical recovery of lithium in lithium iron phosphate electrode material, iron, phosphorus and carbon;At high temperature
Reason, low energy consumption, simple process;Acid medium recycles, and waste discharge is reduced in production process, avoids environmental pollution.
Specifically, the present invention provides a kind of method of comprehensive utilization of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material, comprising the following steps:
(1) by ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material salt Ore Leaching, separation of solid and liquid obtains immersion liquid containing lithium and the first filter residue;(2) by step
(1) precipitating, washing obtain lithium carbonate after the removal of impurities of immersion liquid containing lithium obtained;(3) the first filter hydrochloric acid for dreg leaching for obtaining step (1)
Out, it is obtained after separation of solid and liquid containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid and the second filter residue;(4) contain Fe and PO for what step (3) obtained4 3-'s
Extraction Fe obtains load organic phases and raffinate after additive is added in immersion liquid;(5) the load organic phases water obtained step (4) is anti-
Extraction recycling iron;(6) raffinate for obtaining step (4) evaporates, and mutually recycling obtains hydrochloric acid for volatilization, and concentrate is phosphoric acid;It (7) will step
Suddenly carbonaceous material is obtained after the second residue washing that (3) obtain.
Preferably, LiFePO4 and carbonaceous material are contained in the ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material.
Preferably, in step (1), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 0.2~2mol/L.
Preferably, in step (2), the impurity-removing method is, adjusts the pH value of the immersion liquid containing lithium to 3~5.
Preferably, in step (3), the concentration of hydrochloric acid is 2~6mol/L.
Preferably, in step (4), the additive is hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, a kind of in sodium hypochlorite, the additive
Additive amount be immersion liquid in Fe2+The 105~110% of mole.
Preferably, in step (4), the extractant that the extracting operation uses is neutral phosphine extractant or amide extractant
One or more of mixing;The neutrality phosphine extractant includes but is not limited to tributyl phosphate, penta rouge of tricresyl phosphate;
The amide kind of extractants is N, (1- methylheptyl) amide of N- bis- or N, N- diethyl lauramide.
Preferably, in step (6), evaporating temperature is 110~140 DEG C of evaporation raffinates, the hydrochloric acid circulation mutually recycled of volatilizing
For the second filter residue extracting stage.
Preferably, in step (7), sour content < 1% in the carbonaceous material.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, to the method for comprehensive utilization of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material of the invention
It is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
It is added in the hydrochloric acid solution that 400mL concentration is 0.5mol/L, ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material 50g at 40 DEG C
Under be stirred to react 3h, be separated by solid-liquid separation, obtain immersion liquid containing lithium and the first filter residue of 44g;
Lithium immersion liquid sodium hydroxide solution (10wt%) will be contained, pH value is adjusted to 5.0,300r/min and stir 0.5h, filter
Obtain filtrate;
Sediment is obtained after adding sodium carbonate into filtrate and washs, dry, obtains lithium carbonate, and lithium yield is 63%;
The first filter residue of 40g is taken, is added in the hydrochloric acid solution that 320mL concentration is 6mol/L, is 80 DEG C in temperature, revolving speed is
Under the conditions of 300r/min, 1h is continuously stirred, is separated by solid-liquid separation, filter residue is washed, obtains 365mL containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid and 6.4g
Second filter residue;
Take 300mL containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid and 30mL hydrogen peroxide is added, temperature be 25 DEG C, revolving speed be 300r/min item
Under part, 0.5h is stirred, 300mL N is added, N- diethyl lauramide extractant concentration is the organic phase solution of 2mol/L, in temperature
Degree is 25 DEG C, under the conditions of revolving speed is 300r/min, after oscillation is stirred to react 20min, stands 10min, split-phase obtains the extraction of about 300mL
The load organic phases of extraction raffinate and about 300mL;
100mL load organic phases are taken, deionized water is added according to O/A volume ratio 2: 1, are 25 DEG C in temperature, revolving speed is
Under the conditions of 300r/min, after vibrating 20min, after standing 10min, split-phase obtains liquor ferri trichloridi and has been stripped the organic of processing
Phase, the organic phase can be used for cycling extraction containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid in iron ion.Liquor ferri trichloridi, 32g/L containing Fe, i.e.,
Containing FeCl3132g/L can be used as the stoste for preparing iron hydroxide, di-iron trioxide and ferric trichloride;
It extracts raffinate and contains H3PO438g/L and a small amount of hydrochloric acid are handled using evaporation concentration method, are evaporated 1h at 110 DEG C, are obtained
To hydrogen chloride, the hydrogen chloride natural condensation that will volatilize prepares hydrochloric acid, this hydrochloric acid returns to the first filter residue extracting stage and recycles;Concentration
Liquid is phosphoric acid.
Second filter residue recycles carbonaceous material.
Embodiment 2
By ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material 50g, it is in 0.2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, at 10 DEG C that 400mL concentration, which is added,
It is stirred to react 3h, is separated by solid-liquid separation, obtains immersion liquid containing lithium and the first filter residue of about 46g;
Lithium immersion liquid sodium hydroxide solution (10wt%) will be contained, pH value is adjusted to 5.0,300r/min and stir 0.5h, filter
Obtain filtrate;
Sodium carbonate is added into filtrate, obtain sediment and is washed, lithium carbonate is obtained, and lithium yield is 52%;
The first filter residue of 40g is taken, is added in the hydrochloric acid solution that 320mL concentration is 2mol/L, is 80 DEG C in temperature, revolving speed is
Under the conditions of 300r/min, 1h is continuously stirred, is separated by solid-liquid separation, filter residue is cleaned, obtains 356mL containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid and 15.8g
Second filter residue;
20mL hypochlorous acid is added into immersion liquid of the 300mL containing Fe and PO43-, is 25 DEG C in temperature, revolving speed 300r/min
Under the conditions of, after stirring 0.5h, with 300mLN, (1- methylheptyl) the amide extractant concentration of N- bis- is the organic phase of 0.3mol/L
Solution mixing is 25 DEG C in temperature, after oscillation is stirred to react 20min under the conditions of revolving speed is 300r/min, after standing 10min, point
Mutually obtain the raffinate and load organic phases of about 300mL.
Load organic phases are mixed with 50mL deionized water, are 25 DEG C in temperature, under the conditions of revolving speed is 300r/min, oscillation
After 20min, 10min is stood, split-phase obtains liquor ferri trichloridi and has been stripped the organic phase of processing, which can be used for recycling
Contain Fe and PO after extracting oxidation processes4 3-Immersion liquid in iron ion.The liquor ferri trichloridi contains FeCl362g/L can be used as
Prepare the raw material of iron hydroxide, di-iron trioxide and ferric trichloride.
Raffinate contains H3PO418g/L and a small amount of hydrochloric acid are steamed at 120 DEG C using negative pressure evaporation concentration method processing raffinate
2h is sent out, obtains hydrogen chloride, the hydrogen chloride natural condensation that will volatilize prepares hydrochloric acid, this hydrochloric acid returns to the first filter residue extracting stage and follows
Ring utilizes;Obtained concentrate is phosphoric acid.
Second filter residue recycles carbonaceous material.
Embodiment 3
By ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material 50g, it is in 0.4mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, at 10 DEG C that 400mL concentration, which is added,
It is stirred to react 3h, is separated by solid-liquid separation, obtains immersion liquid containing lithium and the first filter residue of about 45g;
Lithium immersion liquid sodium hydroxide solution (10wt%) will be contained, pH value is adjusted to 5.0,300r/min and stir 0.5h, filter
Obtain filtrate;
Sodium carbonate is added into filtrate, obtain sediment and is washed, lithium carbonate is obtained, and lithium yield is 58%;
The first filter residue of 40g is taken, is added in the hydrochloric acid solution that 320mL concentration is 4mol/L, is 80 DEG C in temperature, stirring speed
Under the conditions of degree is 300r/min, 1h is continuously stirred, is separated by solid-liquid separation, filter residue is cleaned, obtains 362mL containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid and
The second filter residue of 8.3g;
Contain Fe and PO to 300mL4 3-Immersion liquid in be added 20mL sodium hypochlorite, temperature be 25 DEG C, revolving speed 300r/min
Under the conditions of, stir 0.5h.Taking 300mL through hydrogen peroxide, treated containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid and 300mL tributyl phosphate concentration
It is mixed for the organic phase solution of 0.6mol/L, is 25 DEG C in temperature, under the conditions of revolving speed is 300r/min, oscillation is stirred to react
After 20min, 10min is stood, split-phase obtains the raffinate of about 300mL and the load organic phases of about 300mL;
It takes 100mL to mix load organic phases with 50mL deionized water, 20min is vibrated under the conditions of room temperature, 300r/min
Afterwards, 10min is stood, split-phase obtains liquor ferri trichloridi and has been stripped the organic phase of processing, which can be used for cycling extraction
Containing Fe and PO4 3-Immersion liquid.Liquor ferri trichloridi contains FeCl3119g/L can be used as preparing iron hydroxide, di-iron trioxide and three
The feed stock solutions of iron chloride;
Raffinate contains H3PO416g/L and a small amount of hydrochloric acid handle raffinate using negative pressure evaporation concentration method, steam at 135 DEG C
1.5h is sent out, obtains hydrogen chloride, the hydrogen chloride natural condensation that will volatilize prepares hydrochloric acid solution, this hydrochloric acid solution returns to the first filter
Slag extracting stage recycles;Obtained concentrate is phosphoric acid.
Second filter residue recycles carbonaceous material.
In conclusion the method for comprehensive utilization of ferric phosphate lithium cell electrode material of the invention realizes iron phosphate lithium electrode
The synthetical recovery of lithium, iron, phosphorus and carbon in material;Without high-temperature process, low energy consumption, simple process;Acid medium recycles, raw
Reduce waste discharge during producing, avoids environmental pollution.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.