CN109116466A - A kind of thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber - Google Patents
A kind of thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN109116466A CN109116466A CN201810971559.7A CN201810971559A CN109116466A CN 109116466 A CN109116466 A CN 109116466A CN 201810971559 A CN201810971559 A CN 201810971559A CN 109116466 A CN109116466 A CN 109116466A
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VCYOMOBUUABXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [F].[Ge] Chemical compound [F].[Ge] VCYOMOBUUABXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 52
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 31
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002968 anti-fracture Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Glass Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fibers, include sandwich layer and covering, it is characterised in that the diameter D of the sandwich layercoreIt is 4 μm~7 μm, the relative fefractive index difference Δ 1 of sandwich layer is 0.85%~1.20%, the sandwich layer is the silica quartz glassy layer that fluorine germanium is co-doped with, the covering is divided into 3 coverings from inside to outside, it include inner cladding, intermediate cladding layer and surrounding layer, the inner cladding tight enclosure sandwich layer, the diameter D31 of inner cladding is 10 μm~30 μm, relative fefractive index difference Δ 31 is -0.10%~0, and the inner cladding is the silica quartz glassy layer that fluorine germanium is co-doped with;The diameter D32 of the intermediate cladding layer is 40 μm~60 μm, and intermediate cladding layer is pure silicon dioxide quartz glass layer;The outer cladding diameter D33 is 60 μm~80 μm, is resin coating layer.The characteristics of present invention has bending radius small, and macrobending loss is low, high reliablity, meets requirement of the Fibre Optical Sensor in 1550nm window to link load, meets the close application requirement around optical device of small-bend radius multilayer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber, which may be adapted to 5mm and following bending radius
Optical device and photo-sensing device production use, and belong to technical field of optical fiber.
Background technique
The appearance of optical fiber not only causes the revolution of the communication technology, is similarly sensing technology and provides new realization means.
Optical fiber sensing technology grows rapidly one of the technology got up as the world today, has become and measures a national science technology water
The important symbol of flat development.Optical fiber sensing technology is widely used, and military affairs, national defence, space flight and aviation, Industry Control, medical treatment, metering are surveyed
There is wide market in the fields such as examination, building, household electrical appliance.In the world have optical fiber sensing technology hundreds of, such as temperature, pressure
The physics such as power, flow, displacement, vibration, rotation, bending, liquid level, speed, acceleration, sound field, electric current, voltage, magnetic field and radiation
Amount all realizes the sensing of different performance.
Fibre optical sensor is the core optical device for realizing optical fiber sensing technology, and compared with traditional various kinds of sensors, it is
The carrier as sensitive information is used up, optical fiber is used to have the characteristics that optical fiber and optical measurement as the medium of transmitting sensitive information,
Light wave as measured signal carrier and the optical fiber as light wave transmissions medium, have a series of unique, other carriers and
Medium is difficult to the advantages of comparing, and central diameter is thin, matter is soft, and resist bending is one of its remarkable advantage.With the depth of optical fiber sensing technology
Enter development, fibre optical sensor is pursued sensitive, accurate, small and exquisite and intelligent.Such as it is applied to coast defence and the optical fiber water of seafari is listened
Device was wound on optical fiber on diameter 15mm axis in the past, and winding ring number about 400 encloses, and encapsulation requires to be that optical fiber is wound on diameter now
On about 6mm axis, winding ring number is up to several hundred circles.Thus to the geometric dimension of optical fiber, fiber lifetime under small-bend radius and
Bend-insensitive proposes requirements at the higher level.
Silica fibre inevitably itself is formed or is passively introduced not in the fabrication process although intrinsic strength is very high
With the micro-crack of size, these micro-cracks will once be extended rapidly in the later period by larger stress until being broken, therefore influence
The principal element of fiber lifetime is the stress corrosion that optical fiber is subject to.It, can be by reducing bearing optical fiber to improve fiber lifetime
Stress is realized.The stress that optical fiber under bending state is subject to can be used following formula to indicate:
In formula, E is the young modulus of quartz glass, R is the bending radius of optical fiber, r is the radius of naked fibre, CthFor coat
Thickness.As shown from the above formula, it in the case where target flexural radius is certain, to reduce optical fiber and resist the stress that bending is subject to,
It can achieve the purpose that reduce optic fibre force by reducing the naked fibre diameter of optical fiber.
Optic fibre force under bending state is reduced except through reducing fibre diameter, it can also by silica fibre surface
It is sealed processing.Sealing carbon, the metallic coating technique such as used in optical fiber surface.But these paint-on technique complex process,
Manufacturing cost is expensive, it is more difficult to realize volume production.
Summary of the invention
The content of present invention is introduced for convenience, defines following term:
Refractive index profile: the relationship in optical fiber between glass refraction and its radius.
Relative fefractive index difference: △=(ni-n0)/n0* 100%
niAnd n0The respectively refractive index of the refractive index of corresponding part and pure silicon dioxide quartz glass.
The contribution amount of fluorine (F): relative fefractive index difference of fluorine doped (F) quartz glass relative to pure silicon dioxide quartz glass
(Δ F), with this come indicate fluorine doped (F) measure.
The contribution amount of germanium (Ge): relative fefractive index difference of germanium (Ge) quartz glass relative to pure silicon dioxide quartz glass is mixed
(Δ Ge) is measured with this to indicate to mix germanium (Ge).
It is small curved the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of thin footpath in view of the deficiency of the prior art
Bilge radius single mode optical fiber, not only resist bending and anti-fracture performance are good for it, but also optical fiber macrobending loss is low, meets Fibre Optical Sensor and exists
Requirement of the 1550nm window to link load.
The present invention be solve the problems, such as it is set forth above used by technical solution are as follows:
It include sandwich layer and covering, it is characterised in that the diameter D of the sandwich layercoreIt is 4 μm~7 μm, the opposite folding of sandwich layer
Penetrating rate difference Δ 1 is 0.85%~1.20%, and the sandwich layer is the silica quartz glassy layer that fluorine germanium is co-doped with, the covering
It is divided into 3 coverings from inside to outside, includes inner cladding, intermediate cladding layer and surrounding layer, the inner cladding tight enclosure sandwich layer is interior
The diameter D31 of covering is 10 μm~30 μm, and relative fefractive index difference Δ 31 is -0.10%~0, and the inner cladding is that fluorine germanium is co-doped with
Silica quartz glassy layer, the diameter D32 of the intermediate cladding layer is 40 μm~60 μm, and intermediate cladding layer is pure silicon dioxide stone
English glassy layer, the outer cladding diameter D33 are 60 μm~80 μm, are resin coating layer.
According to the above scheme, the sandwich layer mix germanium contribution amount Δ Ge be 0.90%~1.35%, fluorine doped contribution amount Δ F be-
0.01% to -0.15%.
According to the above scheme, the germanium contribution amount Δ Ge that mixes of the inner cladding is 0.10%~0.30%, fluorine doped contribution amount Δ F
It is -0.10% to -0.40%
According to the above scheme, the relative fefractive index difference Δ 33 of the surrounding layer is 1.5%~1.6%.
According to the above scheme, the MFD of the optical fiber is 5 μm~7 μm in 1550nm wave-length coverage.
It according to the above scheme, is 1380nm~1520nm in cutoff wavelength (2m) range of the optical fiber.
According to the above scheme, the decaying of the optical fiber is less than or equal to 0.4dB/km in 1550nm wave band.
According to the above scheme, the circle of macrobending loss 5mm radius * 25 of the optical fiber is less than or equal in 1550nm wave band
The circle of 0.02dB, 2.5mm radius * 1 is less than or equal to 0.5dB in 1550nm wave band.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. fiber core layers mix F and Ge, can optimize the material of optical fiber with Ge ratio is individually mixed
Structure reduces the pure defect density for mixing Ge formation and improves stress distribution, while can eliminate central concave;2. the inner cladding of optical fiber
For the silica quartz glassy layer that F and Ge are co-doped with, which abuts sandwich layer, and this design can reduce the viscous of inner wrap material
Degree realizes that viscosity gradient changes between sandwich layer and glass-clad.Cladding relative refractive difference △ partially negative design, it is logical compared to simple
The design for increasing fibre core NA to improve optical fiber macrobend performance is crossed, optical fiber intrinsic loss caused by high NA can be reduced;3. outside optical fiber
Covering is that " plastics " surrounding layer that a kind of coating of resin is constituted can effectively inhibit since it is extremely strong with quartz glass adhesion strength
Quartz glass surfaces micro-crack extension enhances the Mechanical Reliability of curved fiber, while comparing traditional quartz glass surrounding layer,
The toughness feature of plastics can allow optical fiber to be more suitable for minor radius bending;4. optical fiber " plastics " outer cladding diameter representative value is designed as
80 μm, not only can be compatible with 80 μm of glass-clad diameter thin fiber geometry that current many optical device systems use, but also can be with
There is more preferably resistance to bend(ing) energy (glass part diameter reduces) compared to optical fiber of the present invention under same cladding diameter, especially embody
In the processing of many optical devices after having stripped optical fiber coating, it is easy to be broken in exposed part.Band " plastics " covering this
Kind design then can be very good still to play mechanical bend protective effect to optical fiber exposed part after stripping coat.5. hair
It is bright to have bending radius small, the characteristics of macrobending loss is low, high reliablity, meet Fibre Optical Sensor in 1550nm window to link load
Requirement, meet the close application requirement around optical device of small-bend radius multilayer.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the radial cross section of one embodiment of the invention.The sandwich layer of 00 corresponding optical fiber in figure, 31 corresponding optical fiber
The inner cladding of covering, the intermediate cladding layer of 32 corresponding fibre claddings, the surrounding layer of 33 corresponding fibre claddings.
Fig. 2 is the refractive index profile schematic diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Detailed embodiment and comparative example is presented below, the present invention is further illustrated.
Single mode optical fiber of the invention includes sandwich layer and covering, the quartz glass group that sandwich layer 00 is co-doped with by fluorine (F) germanium (Ge)
At;Wrap sandwich layer is covering.For covering there are three layering, inner cladding 31 closely surrounds sandwich layer, and is co-doped with by fluorine (F) germanium (Ge)
Quartz glass composition;Intermediate cladding layer 32 closely surrounds inner cladding 31, is made of pure quartz glass, relative index of refraction Δ 32
It is 0;Surrounding layer 33 closely surrounds intermediate cladding layer 32, and the diameter D33 of surrounding layer is 60 μm~80 μm, and surrounding layer is resin material structure
At " plastics " surrounding layer, relative index of refraction Δ 33 be 1.5%~1.6%.The resin material include by epoxy resin,
Vinyl ethers monomer and cation light initiator are constituted, and stretch modulus is up to 1800MPa.The resin is mainly derived from Wuhan
Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company's production of the United Nations General Assembly's Smartcom agency, domestic Puli Technology Co., Ltd. of Wuhan Changfei can also provide.
According to the technical solution of above-mentioned single mode optical fiber, the parameter of optical fiber is designed in the range of its defined, and
By PCVD technique, MCVD technique, VAD technique or OVD technique manufacture plug, pass through casing technique, POD technique (plasma
Outer pressure spray process, plasma outside deposition), the over cladding process such as OVD technique or VAD technique it is entire prefabricated to complete
The manufacture of stick.PCVD technique and POD technique are carrying out precise profile design, deposit the fluorine doped (F) of high concentration and eliminate center
Recess aspect, has certain advantage.
After the completion of prefabricated rods preparation, the wire drawing of optical fiber is carried out on wire-drawer-tower.To resin surrounding layer ultra-violet curing and thermosetting
Change while carrying out, drawing speed is not higher than 300m/min, and wire drawing coats tension and is not higher than 200g.
The outer end of " plastics " surrounding layer still coats conventional propylene acid resin, 100 μm~140 μm of fibre external diameters after coating.
The refractive index profile of drawn optical fiber is tested using IFA-100 equipment (Inerfiber Analysis.LLC).
The major parameter of the refractive index profile embodiment of optical fiber is as shown in Table 1.
The Specifeca tion speeification of drawn optical fiber is as shown in Table 2.Index and fabrication process condition of the optical fiber embodiments in setting
Lower carry out dependence test.
From embodiment it can be seen that
1. sandwich layer diameter is too small, it is ensured that optical fiber 1550nm operation wavelength uses, according to fiber cut off wavelength calculation formula
λc=π Dcore*n(2△)0.5/Vc(n is core covering mean refractive index, VcFor normalized frequency), then corresponding core packet relative
Rate difference △ will increase.In terms of actual test result, although fibre core is small, △ is big, and bring macrobending loss is very low, excessively high △ design
It is also very high to will lead to the intrinsic attenuation of optical fiber, comprehensive effect is that the negative effect of intrinsic loss sun adjuster part bring is bigger, strictly according to the facts
Apply example 1.In addition small fibre core, high △ design can carry out great difficulty to stick process bands processed, and prefabricated rods can be easy to due to highly doped
It bursts.
2. if although △ is accordingly reduced, the intrinsic attenuation of optical fiber is fine, and optical fiber macrobending loss is bigger than normal, nothing core diameter is excessive
Method meet multilayer it is close around optical device overall losses requirement, such as embodiment 10.Illustrate that the excessive fiber design that can not meet of core diameter is wanted
It asks.
3. if preventing the " screen that optical power is revealed first in bending closely surround the inner cladding △ polarization of sandwich layer
Barrier " uses up mistake, this is equivalent to relative fefractive index difference △ between core packet and becomes smaller, therefore optical fiber can be reduced by wavelength, macrobend damage
Consumption also will increase, and be unfavorable for the raising of multi-turn minor radius curved fiber insensitivity, such as embodiment 6.
If 4. closely surround that the inner cladding △ of sandwich layer is partially negative excessive, and optical fiber macrobending loss can improve, for multilayer it is close around
Bending application there is no problem, but some optical devices be not only related to minor radius bending, it is also necessary to carry out draw cone coupling, if
It excessively increases and mixes F concentration, because F ion geometric dimension is small, its free speed is fast when melting, changes waveguiding structure, unfavorable
It is formed in fiber coupling.9 parameter designing of embodiment such as to be pressed, cone is drawn to examine discovery procedure loss high, 1550nm window reaches 0.3dB,
And it is to require to be less than 0.1dB that target, which draws cone loss,.In addition splitting ratio is also unstable, draws cone consistency poor.
If 5. resin constitute " plastics " surrounding layer with centre pure quartz glass cladding diameter difference it is too small, unilateral painting
Thickness very little is covered, this requires coating die internal diameter and naked fibre diameter difference very little, wants to wire-drawer-tower collimation and wire-drawing operation control
Ask very stringent, such as 5 parameter designing of embodiment, although optical fiber can work it out, screening discovery fiber strength is very bad, does not have
1km or more segment length's output.
6. if shown as " plastics " surrounding layer and intermediate pure quartz glass cladding diameter difference that resin is constituted are excessive
The unilateral coating thickness of resin is very big, very strong with quartz glass adherency since resin modulus is big, therefore has one to optical fiber macrobending loss
Fixed negative effect, while client will unavoidably peel optical fiber head " plastics " cladding, stripping off when carrying out welding using this optical fiber
It is fine difficult, it is easy directly to shell optical fiber and break, be unfavorable for large-scale production operation, the optical fiber such as designed by embodiment 3.
If " plastics " thickness degree is uniformly moderate, then optical fiber screening intensity 7. sandwich layer diameter and core packet △ design are rationally, this
Sign loss and small-bend radius macrobending loss, can reach comprehensive optimum performance, can satisfy existing fiber sensor completely
Part is to minimum bending radius, and multilayer is close around the requirement used, such as embodiment 2,4,7 and 8.
To sum up show optical fiber manufactured by technical solution according to the invention, cutoff wavelength in 1380nm-1520nm,
1550 operation wavelengths, MFD are 4 μm -7 μm, and optical fiber attenuation@1550nm wave band is less than or equal to 0.4dB/km, macrobending loss 5mm
Radius * 25 encloses@1550nm≤0.02dB, and macrobending loss 2.5mm radius * 1 encloses@1550nm≤0.5dB, it is close around light to be able to satisfy multilayer
The application demand of device.
The structural parameters of one optical fiber of table
The main performance of two optical fiber of table
Claims (8)
1. a kind of thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber, includes sandwich layer and covering, it is characterised in that the diameter D of the sandwich layercore
It is 4 μm~7 μm, the relative fefractive index difference Δ 1 of sandwich layer is 0.85%~1.20%, and the sandwich layer is the titanium dioxide that fluorine germanium is co-doped with
Quartz silica glassy layer, the covering are divided into 3 coverings from inside to outside, include inner cladding, intermediate cladding layer and surrounding layer, described
Inner cladding tight enclosure sandwich layer, the diameter D31 of inner cladding is 10 μm~30 μm, relative fefractive index difference Δ 31 is -0.10%~
0, the inner cladding is the silica quartz glassy layer that fluorine germanium is co-doped with, and the diameter D32 of the intermediate cladding layer is 40 μm~60 μ
M, intermediate cladding layer are pure silicon dioxide quartz glass layer, and the outer cladding diameter D33 is 60 μm~80 μm, are coated for resin
Layer.
2. thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the sandwich layer mixes germanium contribution amount
Δ Ge is 0.90%~1.35%, and fluorine doped contribution amount Δ F is -0.01% to -0.15%.
3. thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the inner cladding mixes germanium tribute
The amount of offering Δ Ge is 0.10%~0.30%, and fluorine doped contribution amount Δ F is -0.10% to -0.40%.
4. thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the opposite folding of the surrounding layer
Penetrating rate difference Δ 33 is 1.5%~1.6%.
5. thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the MFD of the optical fiber exists
It is 5 μm~7 μm in 1550nm wave-length coverage.
6. thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the cutoff wavelength of the optical fiber
For 1380nm~1520nm.
7. thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the decaying of the optical fiber exists
1550nm wave band is less than or equal to 0.4dB/km.
8. thin footpath small-bend radius single mode optical fiber as described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that the macrobending loss of the optical fiber
The circle of 5mm radius * 25 is less than or equal to 0.02dB in 1550nm wave band, and the circle of 2.5mm radius * 1 is less than or equal in 1550nm wave band
0.5dB。
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CN113568092A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-10-29 | 中国建筑材料科学研究总院有限公司 | Multilayer quartz optical fiber and preparation method and application thereof |
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