CN109060604B - Tester and testing method for representing self-cleaning performance of material surface - Google Patents
Tester and testing method for representing self-cleaning performance of material surface Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109060604B CN109060604B CN201810986839.5A CN201810986839A CN109060604B CN 109060604 B CN109060604 B CN 109060604B CN 201810986839 A CN201810986839 A CN 201810986839A CN 109060604 B CN109060604 B CN 109060604B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tested
- supporting
- self
- supporting surface
- cleaning performance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 230
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 38
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011538 cleaning material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 piping Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005348 self-cleaning glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
- G01N2013/0241—Investigating surface tension of liquids bubble, pendant drop, sessile drop methods
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tester and a testing method for representing self-cleaning performance of a material surface, which are based on the adsorption performance of the material surface on liquid substances, tension a material to be tested by using a first tensioning mechanism and a second tensioning mechanism, control the rotation, contact extrusion and separation of the material to be tested, and realize the analysis of the self-cleaning performance of the material surface by testing the attachment quantity and the size of liquid drops on the surface of a single material to be tested and the tension between the two materials to be tested, thereby being beneficial to the comparison of the performances of various self-cleaning materials by a person skilled in the art and being convenient for selecting a proper self-cleaning material according to requirements; meanwhile, the application range of the self-cleaning material in various fields (such as living home, biological medicine, clinical medicine and the like) is widened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of self-cleaning material research, relates to a testing technology for quantifying self-cleaning performance of a material surface based on adsorption performance of the material surface on liquid substances (such as water, oil and the like), and particularly relates to a testing technology for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface.
Background
The self-cleaning material is a functional material which can automatically drop off or be degraded by the action of natural external forces such as gravity, rainwater, wind power or solar energy and the like on the surface of the material. The self-cleaning material can maintain the surface clean under natural conditions, and can keep the surface of the material bright as new without intentional cleaning, thereby greatly reducing the cleaning cost and reducing the threat of life safety of cleaning workers of an overhead working team. Self-cleaning materials studied in recent years have been increasingly applied to various fields of coating industry, building materials, piping, vehicle transportation, electronic equipment, textiles, and the like.
Although self-cleaning materials have many advantages, the related quantitative analysis methods are less studied for the self-cleaning ability of self-cleaning materials, thereby limiting the choice of self-cleaning materials.
The application document of patent application number CN200710008521.1 discloses an online measurement method of a self-cleaning glass contact angle, wherein the size of the contact angle is used as a standard for judging the self-cleaning capability of the surface of a material, and whether the material is a self-cleaning material is judged by measuring the contact angle, but the measurement process of the contact angle needs to be subjected to multiple operations such as sampling, sample wafer pretreatment, illumination, cooling, contact angle adjustment, humidity and temperature adjustment, contact angle measurement and the like, the measurement process is very complicated, the time consumption is long, and the precision is easily influenced by the humidity and the temperature of a test environment.
Therefore, a tester for representing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface is developed, so that people can more intuitively and clearly know the self-cleaning capability of the material, and the self-cleaning material is more targeted and practical to select.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at providing a tester for representing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of a material based on the adsorption performance of the surface of the material on liquid substances (such as water, oil and the like) aiming at the state of the art lacking the self-cleaning performance characterization device of the surface of the material in the prior art, and can realize quantitative analysis on the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material, wherein the weaker the adsorption capacity is, the stronger the self-cleaning capacity of the material is.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
The invention provides a tester for representing self-cleaning performance of a material surface, which comprises a base, a first tensioning mechanism, a second tensioning mechanism, a camera shooting mechanism and a protective cover, wherein the first tensioning mechanism, the second tensioning mechanism, the camera shooting mechanism and the protective cover are arranged on the base;
the first tensioning mechanism comprises a force sensor arranged on the base and a first supporting frame arranged on the force sensor, and the first supporting frame is provided with a first supporting surface for bearing a piece of material to be tested;
the second tensioning mechanism comprises a lifting bracket, a second supporting frame and a rotating motor which are arranged on the base; the rotating motor is arranged on the lifting bracket and driven by the lifting bracket to move up and down along the vertical direction; the second supporting frame is fixedly connected to an output rotating shaft of the rotating motor; the second supporting frame is provided with a second supporting surface for bearing another piece of material to be tested; the second supporting surface is positioned above the first supporting surface;
the camera shooting mechanism comprises a bracket arranged on the base and a camera arranged on the bracket; the camera is positioned above the second supporting surface, and the imaging range of the camera covers the overlapping area of the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface;
the protective cover is used for isolating two materials to be tested and is arranged between the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface.
According to the tester for representing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material, the two pieces of the material to be tested are fixed by the first tensioning mechanism and the second tensioning mechanism aiming at the material which is not absorbed by the liquid substance for testing, the liquid substance is dripped on the material to be tested fixed on the second tensioning mechanism until supersaturation is achieved based on the absorption performance of the surface of the material to the liquid substance, the rotating motor drives the material to be tested to rotate so that the liquid substance exceeding the maximum absorption capacity of the material to be tested is thrown off, and the distribution condition of liquid drops on the surface of the material to be tested is collected by the camera, so that corresponding data is provided for judging the self-cleaning performance of the material; further, the lower surface of the material to be measured on the second tensioning mechanism with the liquid substance is contacted with the upper surface of the material to be measured on the first tensioning mechanism and extruded, and a force sensor is used for measuring the maximum pulling force in the separation process of the two materials to be measured. And finally, analyzing the self-cleaning performance of the material to be tested according to the acquired images and data.
In order to fix the material to be measured, the first supporting frame is composed of a plurality of supporting rods, wherein at least three supporting rods are sequentially connected to form a first supporting surface, and the rest supporting rods are fixed between the first supporting surface and the force sensor and used for integrally fixing the first supporting frame on the force sensor. In order to simplify the first support frame structure, in a preferred embodiment, the first support surface is a rectangular structure formed by sequentially connecting four support rods.
According to the tester for representing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface, the lifting support is used for driving the material to be tested on the second supporting surface to slowly move downwards until the material to be tested contacts with the material to be tested on the first supporting surface, and after the material to be tested is kept in an extrusion state for a period of time, the material to be tested on the second supporting surface is driven to slowly move upwards, so that the two materials to be tested are separated. In order to ensure that the maximum pulling force during the separation of the two materials to be measured is accurately measured, the lifting rate of the lifting support cannot be too high, and generally does not exceed 1mm/s. The specific implementation mode of the lifting bracket in the invention is as follows: the sliding fit sliding rail and the sliding block are arranged on the bracket body, the sliding block is driven by a driving mechanism to move along the sliding rail, and the driving mechanism is a conventional power source disclosed in the art, such as a stepping motor or an electric cylinder. The rotating motor is fixed on the sliding block. In order to better fix the material to be measured, the preferable number of the lifting brackets is two, the two lifting brackets are oppositely arranged, and the opposite two ends of the second supporting frame are respectively fixedly connected to the output rotating shafts of the rotating motors arranged on the two lifting brackets. Further, in order to fix the material to be measured, the second supporting frame is composed of a plurality of supporting rods, wherein at least three supporting rods are sequentially connected to form a second supporting surface, and the rest supporting rods are fixed between the second supporting surface and an output rotating shaft of the rotating motor; when the lifting supports are two and are oppositely arranged, the rest supporting rods are divided into two parts, and are respectively fixed between the two ends of the second supporting surface and the corresponding output rotating shafts of the rotating motor. In order to simplify the first support frame structure, in a preferred embodiment, the first support surface is a rectangular structure formed by sequentially connecting four support rods.
The tester for representing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material has the function of driving the second supporting frame and the material to be tested fixed on the second supporting frame to slowly rotate so as to control the content of liquid substances on the surface of the material to be tested. In order to stabilize the second support frame and the material to be tested fixed thereon, the torque force of the rotating motor needs to be large enough, and a person skilled in the art can select a proper rotating motor according to the structure and the material of the second support frame.
According to the tester for representing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface, the two opposite ends of the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface are respectively provided with the clamps for clamping the material to be tested. The first support frame, the second support frame and the clamp are arranged for better fixing two materials to be tested, and in the surface self-cleaning performance testing process of the materials to be tested, the first support frame, the second support frame and the clamp are required to be stable and do not move relatively.
The tester for representing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface can be realized through manual operation or automatic control; when the automatic control is realized, the tester further comprises an operation panel arranged on the side surface of the base and a controller arranged in the base; the controller is electrically connected with the operation panel, the force sensor, the rotating motor, the driving mechanism of the lifting support and the camera respectively. The controller may employ a single chip microcomputer, a programmable logic controller (i.e., a PLC controller), or other type of controller having similar functions as described above. The operation panel comprises a display screen, an input keyboard, an indicator light and a power key which are respectively and electrically connected with the controller. The display screen is used for displaying images acquired by the camera, tension data acquired by the force sensor, assisting a user in inputting data, reading data and the like in real time; the input keyboard is used for assisting a user in inputting data and instructions (such as the rotating speed of a rotating motor, the lifting speed of a lifting bracket, the focusing of a camera and the like) to the device; the indicator lamp is used for guiding a user to switch each test operation of the tester; the power key is used for turning on and off the tester.
The tester for the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the marking material further comprises a fence arranged along the circumference of the base; the height of the fence is higher than that of the first supporting surface; the area that corresponds with first holding surface on the rail is provided with the safety cover mounting point, and safety cover demountable installation is on the rail. In the rotating process of the rotating motor, in order to prevent the surface of the material to be detected fixed on the second supporting surface from dropping on the surface of the material to be detected fixed on the first supporting surface, the protective cover is arranged between the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface at the moment, and the two materials to be detected are isolated.
The invention further provides a test method for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material, which is carried out by using the tester according to the following steps:
(1) Respectively fixing two pieces of materials to be tested on a first supporting surface and a second supporting surface, and covering the materials to be tested on the first supporting surface by using a protective cover;
(2) Dropwise adding a liquid substance into the material to be measured on the second supporting surface until the surface of the material to be measured is fully paved;
(3) Controlling a rotating motor to enable the second supporting frame to drive the material to be tested on the second supporting surface to rotate at least 720 degrees, and acquiring a state image of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface by adopting a camera after stopping rotating;
(4) Controlling the rotating motor to enable the second supporting frame to drive the surface, with the liquid drops, of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface to face the material to be tested on the first supporting surface, and removing the protective cover;
(5) Controlling the lifting support to enable the second support frame to drive the material to be tested on the second support surface to move downwards to be in contact with the material to be tested on the first support surface, fully extruding, controlling the lifting support to stop descending after the pressure reaches at least 15N, keeping extruding for at least 20s, then controlling the lifting support to ascend, and simultaneously recording the tension obtained by the force sensor until the two materials to be tested are completely separated, so as to obtain a value before abrupt change of the tension, namely a maximum value of the tension in the separation process of the two materials to be tested;
(6) And (3) analyzing the self-cleaning performance of the material to be tested by the state image acquired in the step (3) and the maximum tension value obtained in the step (6).
According to the testing method for representing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material, the material to be tested is required to be cleaned and dried before testing, so that the surface of the material to be tested is clean, dust-free, stain-free and the like; meanwhile, a sufficient amount of liquid substances are needed to be prepared, oversaturated liquid substances (i.e. the oversaturated liquid substances are fully paved on the second supporting surface in the testing process, and the oversaturated liquid substances reach the critical point to be overflowed or exceed the maximum value of the liquid substances which can be adsorbed by the material to be tested) are dripped on the second supporting surface, then the second supporting frame is driven to slowly rotate by the output rotating shaft of the rotating motor, so that the surface of the material to be tested is thrown off as much as possible when the surface of the material to be tested is overturned, and the last adsorbed liquid substances on the surface of the material to be tested are the maximum value which can be adsorbed by the material to be tested. And after stopping rotating, acquiring a state image of the material to be detected on the second supporting surface by using a camera, and analyzing to obtain the quantity, the size and the distribution of the liquid drops on the surface of the material to be detected. And controlling the lifting support to enable the material to be detected with liquid drops to be in contact with another piece of material to be detected, extruding and separating, and obtaining the maximum tensile force value in the separation process of the two pieces of material to be detected by using the force sensor. The self-cleaning performance of the material to be tested can be comprehensively evaluated according to the quantity, the size and the distribution of the liquid drops on the surface of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface and the maximum pulling force in the separation process of the two materials to be tested, and a selection basis is provided for people to select the self-cleaning material. If the number of the liquid drops on the surface of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface is large and the pulling force in the separation process of the two materials to be tested is large, the poor self-cleaning capability of the materials to be tested can be indicated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the tester and the testing method for representing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material, based on the adsorption performance of the surface of the material on liquid substances (such as water, oil and the like), the first tensioning mechanism and the second tensioning mechanism are utilized to tension the material to be tested, the rotation, contact extrusion and separation of the material to be tested are controlled, and the analysis of the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material can be realized by measuring the attachment quantity and the size of liquid drops on the surface of a single material to be tested and the tension between the two materials to be tested, so that the performance of various self-cleaning materials can be compared by the personnel in the field, and the proper self-cleaning material can be conveniently selected according to the requirements; meanwhile, the application range of the self-cleaning material in various fields (such as living home, biological medicine, clinical medicine and the like) is widened;
(2) The tester for representing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, easy manufacture and processing, wide market demand and application prospect, and is suitable for popularization and use in the field;
(3) The test method for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface has no requirement on the test environment, and the material to be tested does not need complex pretreatment; in the test, except that the sample placement and the step switching are performed manually, the rest processes can be automatically completed by a machine, the operation flow is greatly simplified, the operation difficulty is reduced, the test period is shorter (less than 10 min), and the test efficiency is higher;
(4) According to the test method for representing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material, the separation pulling force between two materials to be tested and the adsorption strength of the surface of the material to the liquid drops are researched to have a certain relationship, so that the separation pulling force can reflect the adsorption performance of the surface of the material to the impurities, and the self-cleaning performance of the material to be tested can be accurately reflected by combining the quantity and the size of the liquid drops on the surface of the single material to be tested.
(5) According to the testing method for representing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface, through the image of the liquid drops distributed on the surface of the single material to be tested, on one hand, the self-cleaning performance of the material can be more intuitively illustrated, on the other hand, compared with human eye identification, visual errors caused by the influences of the size, the number and the like of the liquid drops can be avoided, the number, the size and the distribution condition of the liquid drops can be accurately given, all the liquid drops can be summarized, the maximum amount of liquid substances adsorbed on the material surface is determined through the total area of the liquid drops, and the self-cleaning performance of the material surface is determined.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an empty state of a tester for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of a material surface according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the load state of the tester for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the rotating motor of the tester for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface when the rotating motor rotates 720 degrees.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the tester for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the material surface according to the present invention when two materials to be tested are pressed in contact.
Fig. 5 is an electronic circuit diagram of the controller connected to the operation panel, force sensor, stepper motor, camera, etc.
In the drawing, a 1-base, a 2-operation panel, a 3-fence, a 4-force sensor, a 5-first support frame, a 6-lifting support, a 7-sliding block, an 8-rotating motor, a 9-rotating shaft, a 10-second support frame, an 11-clamp, a 12-support, a 13-camera, a 14-protection cover mounting point and a 15-protection cover are arranged.
Detailed Description
The following description will give examples of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, and further clearly and completely explain the technical scheme of the present invention by examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. Based on this disclosure, all other embodiments that may be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without the exercise of inventive faculty are within the scope of the invention.
Examples
In this embodiment, a rectangular material to be tested is taken as an example, and the tester and the testing method for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material provided by the invention are described in detail. The materials to be tested need to have a high hardness to ensure that the two materials to be tested do not bend during the extrusion stage of the test, and if bending occurs, the test result is smaller, in this embodiment glass is used.
The tester for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of a material provided by the embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, comprises a base 1, a first tensioning mechanism, a second tensioning mechanism, a camera shooting mechanism, an operation panel 2 arranged on the side surface of the base, a controller arranged in the base, a fence and a protective cover 15 arranged along the circumferential direction of the base, wherein the first tensioning mechanism and the second tensioning mechanism are respectively used for tensioning a piece of material to be tested; the protective cover 15 is used for isolating two materials to be tested.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the first tensioning mechanism includes a force sensor 4 mounted on the base and a first support frame 5 mounted on the force sensor. The first supporting frame 5 consists of eight metal supporting rods, wherein four supporting rods are sequentially connected to form a rectangular first supporting surface for bearing a piece of material to be tested; one end of the rest support rod is connected with the vertex angle of the first support surface, and the other end of the rest support rod is fixed on the force sensor, so that the first support frame is integrally fixed on the force sensor. Two clamps 11 are respectively arranged on two opposite support rods of the four support rods forming the rectangular first support surface and are used for clamping materials to be tested. The support bar may be made of other materials with certain hardness, but the support bar is ensured not to move relatively in the use process.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the second tensioning mechanism includes a lifting bracket 6 mounted on the base, a second support frame 10, and a rotating motor 8. The support body of the lifting support 6 is provided with a sliding rail and a sliding block 7 which are in sliding fit, and the sliding block is driven by a driving mechanism to move along the sliding rail; the present embodiment uses a stepping motor as a driving mechanism. The rotating motor 8 is fixed on the sliding block 7 and moves up and down along the sliding rail under the driving of the sliding block. In this embodiment, the number of lifting brackets is two, and two lifting brackets are set up relatively, and the slider on two lifting brackets is located same horizontal plane, and both are synchronous removal. The second supporting frame 10 is composed of eight metal supporting rods, wherein at least four supporting rods are sequentially connected to form a rectangular second supporting surface for bearing another piece of material to be tested; the middle parts of two opposite support rods in the four support rods forming the rectangular second support surface are respectively connected with output rotating shafts 9 of the rotary end machines 8 on the lifting brackets which are oppositely arranged, the other four support rods are divided into two groups, one end of each group of support rods is connected with the top angle of the second support surface, and the other end of each group of support rods is connected with the corresponding rotating shaft 9. In addition, two clamps 11 are respectively arranged on two opposite support rods of the four support rods forming the rectangular second support surface and are used for clamping the material to be tested. The second supporting surface is positioned above the first supporting surface. The support bar may be made of other materials with certain hardness, but the support bar is ensured not to move relatively in the use process.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the image pickup mechanism includes a bracket 12 mounted on the base and a camera 13 mounted on the bracket; the camera 13 is located above the second supporting surface, and the camera faces downwards and is opposite to the center of the overlapping area of the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface, so that the imaging range of the camera covers the overlapping area of the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, a single-chip microcomputer is used as a controller and is electrically connected to the operation panel 2, the force sensor 4, the rotary motor 8, the stepping motor, and the camera 13, respectively. The operation panel 2 comprises a display screen, an input keyboard, an indicator light and a power key which are respectively electrically connected with the controller, wherein the indicator light comprises a green indicator light and an orange indicator light, the green indicator light is used for displaying that the tester is in a first test state for collecting a liquid drop state image on a material to be tested on the second supporting surface, and the orange indicator light is used for displaying that the tester is in a second test state for measuring the tension condition in the separation process of the two materials to be tested.
As shown in fig. 5, the single-chip microcomputer is used as a controller and is connected with the operation panel, the force sensor 4, the rotary motor 8, the stepping motor and the camera 13 through electronic circuits, and the mechanical movement of the rotary motor 8 and the stepping motor is controlled through the circuits, so that signals input from the operation panel 2, the force sensor 4 and the camera 13 can be received and processed.
As shown in fig. 3, four boot mounting points 14 are provided on the rail 3 in the region corresponding to the first support surface, and a boot 15 is detachably mounted on the boot mounting points. The protection cover 15 is of a cuboid shape, covers the first tensioning mechanism comprising the second supporting surface and the force sensor, and is used for isolating two materials to be tested.
In the embodiment, distilled water is used as a liquid substance to test the self-cleaning capability of the surface of the material (glass) to be tested. Before testing the material to be tested, the following treatments are needed to be carried out on the surface of the material to be tested:
(1) Under the ultrasonic condition, absolute ethyl alcohol is used for cleaning the material to be tested for 1min;
(2) Under the ultrasonic condition, washing the material to be tested for 1min by distilled water;
(3) And airing and drying the cleaned material to be tested.
The testing process for the self-cleaning performance of the material surface by using the tester comprises the following operation steps:
(1) Switching on a power supply to enable the tester to enter an initialized state, and enabling a power key to be lightened at the moment and enabling the tester to enter a ready state; the slide 7 on the lifting support can be brought to the highest position at this time.
(2) Cutting the material to be tested into two pieces (preferably, rectangular shapes slightly smaller than the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface) according to the shapes of the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface, respectively fixing the two pieces of material to be tested on the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface, and clamping by using a clamp 11 to ensure firm fixation; and the boot is mounted on the boot mounting point 14 of the fence to prevent the liquid substance of the material to be tested adhered to the second support surface from falling to the material to be tested on the first support surface in the next operation.
(3) And (3) preparing enough distilled water, and dripping distilled water into the material to be tested on the second supporting surface by using a rubber head dropper until the surface of the material to be tested is fully paved.
(4) Setting the tester to a first test state, turning on a green indicator lamp of an operation panel 2, controlling a rotating motor 8 to drive a second supporting frame and a material to be tested fixed on a second supporting surface to slowly rotate 720 degrees (the rotating speed is about 360 degrees/min), and focusing by a camera and acquiring a state image of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface after stopping rotating, as shown in fig. 3; and displaying the acquired image on a display screen.
(5) After the image acquisition is finished, the rotating motor 8 is controlled to drive the second supporting frame and the material to be measured fixed on the second supporting surface to continuously rotate 180 degrees until the surface of the material to be measured with water drops faces the material to be measured on the first supporting surface, and the protective cover 15 is taken down.
(6) Setting the tester to a second test state, lighting an orange indicator lamp of the operation panel 2, controlling the lifting bracket, driving the second support frame and the material to be tested fixed on the second support surface to slowly move downwards (the moving speed is not more than 1 mm/s) until the second support frame contacts with the material to be tested on the first support surface, generating full extrusion until the pressure reaches 15N (the pressure is detected by a force sensor and can be displayed on a display screen of the operation panel in real time), and controlling the lifting bracket to stop descending, and keeping the extrusion time for 20s, as shown in fig. 4; then controlling the lifting support to lift the sliding block at the same speed, and simultaneously recording the tension detected by the force sensor and displaying the tension on the display screen; and (3) until the two materials to be tested are completely separated, obtaining a numerical value before the abrupt change of the tensile force, namely the maximum value of the tensile force in the separation process of the two materials to be tested.
(7) And (3) analyzing the self-cleaning performance of the material to be tested by the state image acquired in the step (4) and the maximum tension value obtained in the step (6).
According to the conventional means disclosed in the art, the overlapping area of the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface in the state image of the material to be detected on the second supporting surface is analyzed, and the number, the size and the distribution of water drops on the surface of the material to be detected on the second supporting surface are obtained through statistics. The number, the size and the distribution of the water drops on the surface of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface and the maximum tensile force in the separation process of the two materials to be tested can be obtained through the statistics, the self-cleaning performance of the material to be tested can be comprehensively evaluated, and a selection basis is provided for people to select the self-cleaning material. Through research and analysis, the number of water drops on the surface of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface is more, the size is larger, and the tensile force in the separation process of the two materials to be tested is larger, which indicates that the self-cleaning performance of the materials to be tested is poorer; on the contrary, the surface of the material to be measured on the second supporting surface has fewer water drops and smaller size, and the tensile force in the separation process of the two materials to be measured is smaller, which indicates that the self-cleaning performance of the material to be measured is better.
After the test is finished, the sliding block on the lifting support is lifted to the highest position, the materials to be tested on the first support frame and the second support frame are taken down, the materials to be tested, the tester and distilled water on the protective cover are wiped clean, the tester is closed, and the test process is finished.
It should be noted that, in order to ensure quantitative analysis during the test of self-cleaning properties of the material surface, the following points need to be satisfied as much as possible: (1) The distilled water dripped on the surface of the material to be detected on the second supporting surface is supersaturated (i.e. the distilled water is fully paved, preferably reaches the critical point to be overflowed or exceeds the maximum value of the distilled water which can be adsorbed by the material to be detected), so that the surface of the material to be detected is thrown off as much as possible when the surface of the material to be detected is overturned later, and the last adsorbed distilled water on the surface of the material to be detected is the maximum value which can be adsorbed by the surface of the material to be detected, and is obtained from the acquired state image of the material to be detected on the second supporting surface; (2) When the self-cleaning capability of more than two different materials is tested, the stable time is ensured to be the same after the extrusion pressure and the lifting support are lowered and stopped, so that the capability of exhausting air between two materials to be tested in the extrusion process is the same, the influence of other factors on the separation of the two materials is reduced, the adsorption capability of the materials to water is quantitatively reacted by the maximum pulling force in the separation process of the two materials, and the pulling force required by the separation of the two materials is increased along with the greater adsorption capability.
The tester and the testing method for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material are a simple, comprehensive and accurate testing technology for quantifying the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material, can be suitable for testing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of any material for any liquid substance which is not absorbed at all, are especially suitable for materials with certain self-cleaning performance, for the materials, distilled water is mostly thrown off in the rotating process of the step (4), even if water drops left on the surface of the material to be tested are small in quantity, small in size and distributed in dispersibility, quantitative analysis is difficult to realize, at the moment, a clear state image of the material to be tested on a second supporting surface can be obtained through the tester and the testing method provided by the invention, the number of the water drops and the water drop size in the state image of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface can be quantified accurately by utilizing the existing computer image area resolution statistical software (for example Promega Colony Counter APP software), and the relatively accurate analysis of the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material to be tested can be realized by combining the tensile force separated between the two materials to be tested.
The water above can be replaced by other liquid substances, so that the self-cleaning capability test of the surfaces of different materials can be realized, the self-cleaning capability test of the same material on different liquid substances can be realized, and the method has wide applicability.
Claims (9)
1. A measurement method for characterizing self-cleaning properties of a material surface, characterized in that the measurement is performed using the following tester: the tester comprises a base (1), a first tensioning mechanism, a second tensioning mechanism, a camera shooting mechanism and a protective cover (15), wherein the first tensioning mechanism, the second tensioning mechanism, the camera shooting mechanism and the protective cover (15) are arranged on the base, and the first tensioning mechanism and the second tensioning mechanism are respectively used for tensioning a piece of material to be tested; the first tensioning mechanism comprises a force sensor (4) arranged on the base and a first supporting frame (5) arranged on the force sensor, and the first supporting frame is provided with a first supporting surface for bearing a piece of material to be tested; the second tensioning mechanism comprises a lifting bracket (6), a second supporting frame (10) and a rotating motor (8) which are arranged on the base; the rotating motor (8) is arranged on the lifting bracket and driven by the lifting bracket to move up and down along the vertical direction; the second supporting frame (10) is fixedly connected to an output rotating shaft (9) of the rotating motor; the second supporting frame (10) is provided with a second supporting surface for bearing another piece of material to be tested; the second supporting surface is positioned above the first supporting surface; the camera shooting mechanism comprises a bracket (12) arranged on the base and a camera (13) arranged on the bracket; the camera (13) is positioned above the second supporting surface, and the imaging range of the camera covers the overlapping area of the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface; the protective cover (15) is used for isolating two materials to be tested and is arranged between the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface;
the measuring step comprises the following steps:
(1) Respectively fixing two pieces of materials to be tested on a first supporting surface and a second supporting surface, and covering the materials to be tested on the first supporting surface by using a protective cover;
(2) Dropwise adding a liquid substance into the material to be measured on the second supporting surface until the surface of the material to be measured is fully paved;
(3) Controlling a rotating motor to enable the second supporting frame to drive the material to be tested on the second supporting surface to rotate at least 720 degrees, and acquiring a state image of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface by adopting a camera after stopping rotating;
(4) Controlling the rotating motor to enable the second supporting frame to drive the surface, with the liquid drops, of the material to be tested on the second supporting surface to face the material to be tested on the first supporting surface, and removing the protective cover;
(5) Controlling the lifting support to enable the second support frame to drive the material to be tested on the second support surface to move downwards to be in contact with the material to be tested on the first support surface, fully extruding, controlling the lifting support to stop descending after the pressure reaches at least 15N, keeping extruding for at least 20s, then controlling the lifting support to ascend, and simultaneously recording the tension obtained by the force sensor until the two materials to be tested are completely separated, so as to obtain a value before abrupt change of the tension, namely a maximum value of the tension in the separation process of the two materials to be tested;
(6) And (3) analyzing the self-cleaning performance of the material to be tested by the state image acquired in the step (3) and the maximum tension value obtained in the step (6).
2. The measuring method for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of a material surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the first supporting frame (5) is composed of a plurality of supporting rods, wherein at least three supporting rods are sequentially connected to form a first supporting surface, and the rest of the supporting rods are fixed between the first supporting surface and the force sensor.
3. The measuring method for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of the surface of a material according to claim 1, characterized in that a support body of the lifting support (6) is provided with a sliding rail and a sliding block (7) which are in sliding fit, and the sliding block is driven by a driving mechanism to move along the sliding rail; the rotating motor (8) is fixed on the sliding block (7).
4. The method for measuring the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material according to claim 3, wherein the number of the lifting brackets is two, the two lifting brackets are oppositely arranged, and the opposite ends of the second supporting frame (10) are respectively fixedly connected to the output rotating shafts of the rotating motors arranged on the two lifting brackets.
5. The method for measuring the self-cleaning performance of the surface of the material according to claim 1, 3 or 4, wherein the second supporting frame (10) is composed of a plurality of supporting rods, at least three supporting rods are sequentially connected to form a second supporting surface, and the rest supporting rods are fixed between the second supporting surface and the output rotating shaft of the rotating motor.
6. The measuring method for characterizing the self-cleaning performance of a material surface according to claim 1, characterized in that the opposite ends of the first supporting surface and the second supporting surface are respectively provided with a clamp (11) for clamping the material to be tested.
7. The measurement method for characterizing self-cleaning properties of a material surface according to claim 1, further comprising an operation panel (2) provided on a side surface of the base and a controller provided inside the base (1); the controller is electrically connected with the operation panel (2), the force sensor (4), the rotating motor (8), the driving mechanism of the lifting support and the camera (13) respectively.
8. The measuring method for characterizing self-cleaning properties of a material surface according to claim 7, characterized in that said operation panel (2) comprises a display screen, an input keyboard, an indicator light and a power key, respectively, electrically connected to a controller.
9. The measuring method for characterizing self-cleaning properties of a surface of a material according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 7 or 8, characterized by further comprising a rail (3) arranged circumferentially along the base; the height of the fence (3) is higher than that of the first supporting surface; the protective cover is detachably arranged on the fence (3).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810986839.5A CN109060604B (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Tester and testing method for representing self-cleaning performance of material surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810986839.5A CN109060604B (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Tester and testing method for representing self-cleaning performance of material surface |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109060604A CN109060604A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
| CN109060604B true CN109060604B (en) | 2024-03-08 |
Family
ID=64756357
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810986839.5A Active CN109060604B (en) | 2018-08-28 | 2018-08-28 | Tester and testing method for representing self-cleaning performance of material surface |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109060604B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118897007B (en) * | 2024-10-09 | 2024-11-26 | 山东汇科工程检测有限公司 | Sheet metal nondestructive testing device |
Citations (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB740922A (en) * | 1952-05-08 | 1955-11-23 | Sucker Gmbh Geb | Methods and apparatus for testing the adhesive properties of sizing liquids and the like, for ascertaining their condition during preparation |
| JPH06138021A (en) * | 1992-10-29 | 1994-05-20 | Shinagawa Refract Co Ltd | Method for measuring cement coating sticking strength and its device |
| US5768936A (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1998-06-23 | Mann; George | Adhesion and cohesion paint testing system |
| JP2001116675A (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-04-27 | Seiko Epson Corp | Contact angle measuring device, dynamic surface tension measuring device, contact angle measuring method, and dynamic surface tension measuring method |
| CN101008606A (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2007-08-01 | 华南理工大学 | Device for measuring real contact area and viscous effect of contact surface and measuring method thereof |
| CN101033951A (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2007-09-12 | 福耀集团双辽有限公司 | Online measuring method of self clean glass contact angle |
| JP2011059104A (en) * | 2009-08-12 | 2011-03-24 | Nagoya Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for measuring surface properties |
| DE102010017598A1 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | Sven Zehrer | Measurement apparatus for adhesion of two films, has pulling element with measurement surface, where another pulling element is provided with another measurement surface |
| CN103364337A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-23 | 立邦涂料（中国）有限公司 | Device and method for determining surface tenacity of material |
| KR20140011047A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-28 | 한국기계연구원 | Mesurement apparatus of ink cohesion and adhesion and the method therof |
| DE102013013161A1 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2014-04-10 | Daimler Ag | Method of testing adhesiveness and film strength of surface layer formed on metal substrate used in cylinder crankcase of combustion engine, involves measuring tensile force applied for detaching surface layer from substrate |
| CN204027920U (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-12-17 | 格力电器（合肥）有限公司 | Test fixture |
| CN104991612A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2015-10-21 | 青岛海信移动通信技术股份有限公司 | An electronic product having a touch screen and a display screen and a method for preventing bonding of the touch screen and the display screen |
| CN105352856A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-02-24 | 宁波新边界科学仪器有限公司 | Method and device for measuring advancing contact angle, receding contact angle and retention force of liquid on solid surface |
| JP2016099151A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-30 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | Rubber friction test method and rubber friction tester |
| CN106168567A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-30 | 山东大学 | A kind of method based on Infrared irradiation regulation and control oxygen-containing semiconductor material surface wettability |
| RU2616356C1 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-04-14 | Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Аэрокосмический Мониторинг И Технологии" | Device for controlling object surface purity |
| CN206497007U (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-09-15 | 四川大学 | Measuring device for liquid surface tension coefficient based on surface capillary wave phenomenon |
| CN208621467U (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-03-19 | 四川大学 | Tester for characterizing the self-cleaning properties of material surfaces |
-
2018
- 2018-08-28 CN CN201810986839.5A patent/CN109060604B/en active Active
Patent Citations (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB740922A (en) * | 1952-05-08 | 1955-11-23 | Sucker Gmbh Geb | Methods and apparatus for testing the adhesive properties of sizing liquids and the like, for ascertaining their condition during preparation |
| US5768936A (en) * | 1992-07-08 | 1998-06-23 | Mann; George | Adhesion and cohesion paint testing system |
| JPH06138021A (en) * | 1992-10-29 | 1994-05-20 | Shinagawa Refract Co Ltd | Method for measuring cement coating sticking strength and its device |
| JP2001116675A (en) * | 1999-10-22 | 2001-04-27 | Seiko Epson Corp | Contact angle measuring device, dynamic surface tension measuring device, contact angle measuring method, and dynamic surface tension measuring method |
| CN101008606A (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2007-08-01 | 华南理工大学 | Device for measuring real contact area and viscous effect of contact surface and measuring method thereof |
| CN101033951A (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2007-09-12 | 福耀集团双辽有限公司 | Online measuring method of self clean glass contact angle |
| JP2011059104A (en) * | 2009-08-12 | 2011-03-24 | Nagoya Institute Of Technology | Method and apparatus for measuring surface properties |
| DE102010017598A1 (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2011-12-29 | Sven Zehrer | Measurement apparatus for adhesion of two films, has pulling element with measurement surface, where another pulling element is provided with another measurement surface |
| CN103364337A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-10-23 | 立邦涂料（中国）有限公司 | Device and method for determining surface tenacity of material |
| CN104991612A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2015-10-21 | 青岛海信移动通信技术股份有限公司 | An electronic product having a touch screen and a display screen and a method for preventing bonding of the touch screen and the display screen |
| KR20140011047A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2014-01-28 | 한국기계연구원 | Mesurement apparatus of ink cohesion and adhesion and the method therof |
| DE102013013161A1 (en) * | 2013-08-08 | 2014-04-10 | Daimler Ag | Method of testing adhesiveness and film strength of surface layer formed on metal substrate used in cylinder crankcase of combustion engine, involves measuring tensile force applied for detaching surface layer from substrate |
| CN204027920U (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2014-12-17 | 格力电器（合肥）有限公司 | Test fixture |
| JP2016099151A (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2016-05-30 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | Rubber friction test method and rubber friction tester |
| CN105352856A (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-02-24 | 宁波新边界科学仪器有限公司 | Method and device for measuring advancing contact angle, receding contact angle and retention force of liquid on solid surface |
| RU2616356C1 (en) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-04-14 | Закрытое Акционерное Общество "Аэрокосмический Мониторинг И Технологии" | Device for controlling object surface purity |
| CN106168567A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-11-30 | 山东大学 | A kind of method based on Infrared irradiation regulation and control oxygen-containing semiconductor material surface wettability |
| CN206497007U (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-09-15 | 四川大学 | Measuring device for liquid surface tension coefficient based on surface capillary wave phenomenon |
| CN208621467U (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2019-03-19 | 四川大学 | Tester for characterizing the self-cleaning properties of material surfaces |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| "Facile dip-coating approach to fabrication of mechanically robust hybrid thin films with high transmittance and durable superhydrophilicity";Lin Yao 等;《Journal of Materials Chemistry A》;第2卷(第19期);第6994-7003页 * |
| "工程实用性超疏水自清洁涂层防结冰行为及机理研究";杨钦;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》(第07期);第C042-39页 * |
| "流体表面毛细波与激光照射共同作用产生的光环现象";赵金瑜 等;《物理与工程》;第28卷(第1期);第123-130页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109060604A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN201449369U (en) | Automatic sample-changing platform | |
| CN104375293A (en) | Automatic LCD screen detecting cabinet based on machine vision | |
| CN110487679A (en) | It is a kind of measurement drop surface of solids frictional force device | |
| CN102735855A (en) | Fully automatic leucorrhea inspection analyzer | |
| CN206974785U (en) | A kind of full-automatic pelleter for thin-layer cell detection technique | |
| CN112729363A (en) | Ecological environment detects with detecting early warning integration equipment | |
| CN103175847A (en) | Grating surface blemish detection device | |
| CN109060604B (en) | Tester and testing method for representing self-cleaning performance of material surface | |
| WO2020224001A1 (en) | Visual flexible-material bending performance measuring device | |
| CN112729364A (en) | Ecological environment detection method | |
| CN107462561A (en) | Tobacco leaf scab character fluorescence dynamic automatic testing device and method | |
| CN208621467U (en) | Tester for characterizing the self-cleaning properties of material surfaces | |
| CN108613981A (en) | A kind of quick cotton grade detection device of pipeline system and detection method | |
| CN110986857A (en) | Rod-shaped object detection device, detection method and control system | |
| CN101762596A (en) | Wafer appearance detection method | |
| CN209673818U (en) | A kind of detection scanning means | |
| KR101214479B1 (en) | Chemi-luminescence or fluouroscence image acquisition apparatus | |
| CN110044723B (en) | A visual flexible material bending performance measurement device | |
| CN211227157U (en) | Bacterial microorganism detection device | |
| CN211425732U (en) | Glass stress detection device | |
| CN114720472A (en) | Automatic detection equipment for surface defects of ceramic wafer based on vision | |
| CN209624285U (en) | A kind of non-driven weighing rate of drying tester of windmill type | |
| CN113720858A (en) | Steel ball surface defect detection method based on dome light source and dark field thereof | |
| CN111238896A (en) | Method for processing biological tissue observation section for medical detection sample | |
| CN217358583U (en) | Temperature and humidity meter regular inspection equipment based on detection laboratory use environment |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |