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CN109053139B - 白瓷坯体及其制备方法 - Google Patents

白瓷坯体及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109053139B
CN109053139B CN201811167488.1A CN201811167488A CN109053139B CN 109053139 B CN109053139 B CN 109053139B CN 201811167488 A CN201811167488 A CN 201811167488A CN 109053139 B CN109053139 B CN 109053139B
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white porcelain
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包启富
郭建洲
郑春凤
林章铨
郭缨琨
方锦峰
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Fujian Dehua Wuzhou Ceramics Co ltd
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Abstract

本分案申请涉及一种白瓷坯体及其制备方法，属于日用陶瓷技术领域。该白瓷坯体，由坯体基料和坯体添加剂制得，其中所述坯料由如下原料组成：德化长石、钠长石、龙岩高岭土、熔融石英、德化埃洛石、锂瓷石、黑滑石，所述坯体添加剂为增粘增透剂和增韧增强剂，所述增粘增透剂的添加量为坯体基料总质量的8‑9wt%，增韧增强剂的添加量为坯体基料总质量的12‑16wt%。该白瓷坯体的制作原料易得，烧成温度范围较宽，且坯体具有较好的强度和抗变形性能。

Description

白瓷坯体及其制备方法
本申请为申请号为201710276164.0、申请日为2017年04月25日、发明创造名称为“高性能白瓷坯体及其制备方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于日用陶瓷技术领域，具体涉及一种白瓷坯体及其制备方法。
背景技术
德化是中国三大古瓷都之一，与江西景德镇和湖南醴陵齐名。德化窑是中国古代南方著名瓷窑，因窑址位于德化县而得名。“中国白”(BLANC DE CHINE)是法国人对明代德化白瓷的赞誉，他们认为这是“中国瓷器之上品”。德化白瓷因其产品制作精细，质地坚密，晶莹如玉，釉面滋润似脂，故有“象牙白”、“猪油白”、“鹅绒白”等美称，在我国白瓷系统中具有独特的风格，在陶瓷发展史上占有重要地位，在国际上有“东方艺术”之声誉。
目前德化白瓷主要品种是茶具，雕塑瓷等，餐具品种较少，大件产品较少，主要是合格率普遍不高，遇到主要的问题就是变形。由于生产过程中需要在1330℃左右进行烧制，坯料中单一低温熔剂氧化钾钠量多，达到7％以上，使坯体在较低共熔点温度下提前烧结，但这种方法存在着以下技术缺陷：坯体在接近最低共熔点前并无液相生成，然而一旦到达最低共熔点温度便突然出现大量液相，而且液相量随温度升高而迅速增加，从而导致瓷坯急剧变形。现有技术烧成温度范围很窄只有10℃左右，产品容易变形且脆性大，抗折强度约60MPa，白度为76左右，热稳定性为160-20℃，因此在生产过程中难以保证产品的各项性能指标。
在日用陶瓷行业生产中，强度低，变形率高是最大的生产缺陷，影响产品竞争力。尤其是做餐具产品和大件产品，如果能拓宽烧成温度范围40℃以上，变形率可以大大地减少，其经济效益和社会效益将十分显著。因此，在保证产品性能指标的前提下，实现增韧增强、增粘增透，拓宽烧成温度范围，不仅是技术突破的方向，同时也是德化白瓷生产的迫切需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术的不足，而提供一种白瓷坯体及其制备方法，该白瓷坯体的制作原料易得，烧成温度范围较宽，且坯体具有较好的强度和抗变形性能。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
白瓷坯体，由坯体基料和坯体添加剂制得，其中所述坯料由按照质量百分比计的如下原料组成：其中所述坯料由按照质量百分比计的如下原料组成：德化长石16～18wt％、钠长石21～28wt％、龙岩高岭土16～18wt％、熔融石英15～18wt％、德化埃洛石21～25wt％、锂瓷石1～2wt％、黑滑石1～3wt％，所述坯体添加剂为增粘增透剂和增韧增强剂，所述增粘增透剂的添加量为坯体基料总质量的8-9wt％，增韧增强剂的添加量为坯体基料总质量的12-16wt％。
更进一步地，所述增粘增透剂为硅溶胶。
更进一步地，所述增韧增强剂为氧化铝微粉。
更进一步地，所述氧化铝微粉的粒径为25-40μm。
所述的白瓷坯体的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：将所述坯体基料进行挑选，精选，剔除着色有害物质；
步骤二：按照所述质量配比，将德化长石、钠长石、熔融石英、锂瓷石、黑滑石及德化埃洛石混合球磨17-18h，再加入龙岩高岭土、增粘增透剂、增韧增强剂继续球磨2-3h；
步骤三：再经过脱水、真空练泥、陈腐工序，制备成白瓷泥条，备成；
步骤四：将制备好的白瓷泥条经成型、施釉、烧成，得白瓷坯体。
更进一步地，步骤四中所述烧成具体为：于12～14h内升温至1270℃～1290℃，保温30～50min。
本发明与现有技术相比，其有益效果为：
(1)本发明坯体基料中添加的增粘增透剂，其在高温下容易被钠长石熔解，形成高粘高透的玻璃熔体，可以有效提高坯胎的抗变形性能；
(2)本发明坯体基料中添加的增韧增强剂，其在高温下一部分形成莫来石晶体，另一部分则保留刚玉颗粒并使其弥散在瓷胎中，进一步提高了坯体的强度和热稳定性；
(3)本发明通过多元素复合熔剂的加入，使坯体在不同烧成温度区逐步出现粘度较高的液相，克服了现有技术因突然出现大量液相而导致瓷坯易变形的缺陷。本发明扩大了坯体的烧结温度范围，产品不易变形且脆性小，从而保证了产品质量。
(4)本发明的原料易得，价格较低廉，有效降低了原料成本，方便生产实施，易于产业化推广和应用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细描述。
本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。
本发明各实施例白瓷坯体的物料组成如表1所示：
表1本发明实施例高性能德化白瓷坯体的物料组成
Figure BDA0001821524610000031
*坯体添加剂的用量为相对于坯体基料的用量。
本发明各实施例制备高性能白瓷时的工艺参数如表2所示：
表2本发明实施例高性能白瓷制备方法的工艺参数
Figure BDA0001821524610000032
注：烧成时间是指从入窑时到升温至最高温度的时间。
由上表2可见，本发明的高性能白瓷的烧成温度范围较宽，因此可以大大减少坯体的变形率，提高坯体成品率。
本发明中白瓷坯体的各项性能检测按照以下方法进行：
1、抗折强度测试方法：
本实验采用DKZ-5000抗折试验机对陶瓷材料进行抗折强度的测量。抗折试验机采用的是简支梁法，即三点抗折法进行测定。
通过对试样的受力分析可得试样条的抗折强度计算公式为：
P＝3FL/2bh2
式中P——试样条的抗折强度(Mpa)；
F——试样条折断时的最大载荷(N)；L——两支点之间的距离，即跨距(mm)；b——试样条断口宽度(mm)；h——试样条断口高度(mm)。
2、白度测定方法：
白度测定用白度检测仪检测，白度检测仪(hollow cone)又叫反射光度计、白度计。主要适用于非彩色表面平整的物体或粉末的白度测量。可以准确地得出与视感度相一致的白度值。
3、热稳定性测试方法：热稳定性(抗热震性)是指陶瓷材料能承受温度剧烈变化而不破坏的性能。普通陶瓷材料由多种晶体和玻璃相组成，因此在室温下具有脆性，在外应力作用下会突然断裂。当温度急剧变化时，陶瓷材料也会出现裂纹或损坏。陶瓷热稳定性测定方法一般是把试样加热到一定的温度，接着放入适当温度的水中，判定方法为：
1)根据试样出现裂纹或损坏到一定程度时，所经受的热变换次数；
2)经过一定次数的热冷变换后机械强度降低的程度来决定热稳定性；
3)试样出现裂纹时经受的热冷最大温差来表示试样的热稳定性，温差愈大，热稳定性愈好。
陶瓷热稳定性的测定方法一般是将试样(带釉的瓷片或器皿)置于电炉内逐渐升温到200℃，保温30min，迅速将试样投入染有红色的20℃水中10min，取出试样擦干，检查有无裂纹。或将试样置于电炉内逐渐升温，从150℃起，每隔20℃将试样投入20±2℃的水中急冷一次，直至试样表面发现有裂纹为止，并将此不裂的最高温度为衡量瓷器热稳定性的数据。
本发明各实施例制得的白瓷坯体的性能如表3所示，并以现有的某品牌的德化白瓷作为对照例，并对其性能进行测试：
表3本发明实施例白瓷坯体的性能
Figure BDA0001821524610000041
由上表3可见，本发明各实施例制得的白瓷坯体具有较高性能，具有较优的抗折强度、较高的白度，较好的热稳定性，与现有的德化白瓷的性能相比，其性能得到显著提升。
本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (4)

1.白瓷坯体，其特征在于，由坯体基料和坯体添加剂制得，其中所述坯体基料由按照质量百分比计的如下原料组成：德化长石16～18wt%、钠长石21～28wt%、龙岩高岭土16～18wt%、熔融石英15～18wt%、德化埃洛石21～25wt%、锂瓷石1～2wt%、黑滑石1～3wt%，所述坯体添加剂为增粘增透剂和增韧增强剂，所述增粘增透剂的添加量为坯体基料总质量的8-9wt%，增韧增强剂的添加量为坯体基料总质量的12-16wt%；
所述增粘增透剂为硅溶胶；
所述增韧增强剂为氧化铝微粉。
2.根据权利要求1所述的白瓷坯体，其特征在于，所述氧化铝微粉的粒径为25-40μm。
3.权利要求1所述的白瓷坯体的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一：将所述坯体基料进行挑选，精选，剔除着色有害物质；
步骤二：按照所述质量配比，将德化长石、钠长石、熔融石英、锂瓷石、黑滑石及德化埃洛石混合球磨17-18h，再加入龙岩高岭土、增粘增透剂、增韧增强剂继续球磨2-3h；
步骤三：再经过脱水、真空练泥、陈腐工序，制备成白瓷泥条，备成；
步骤四：将制备好的白瓷泥条经成型、施釉、烧成，得白瓷坯体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种白瓷坯体的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤四中所述烧成具体为：于12～14h烧成时间内升温至1270℃～1290℃，保温30～50min。
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