CN109000879B - Wind tunnel balance temperature drift correction method - Google Patents
Wind tunnel balance temperature drift correction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
- G01M9/06—Measuring arrangements specially adapted for aerodynamic testing
- G01M9/062—Wind tunnel balances; Holding devices combined with measuring arrangements
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wind tunnel balance temperature drift correction method, which comprises the steps of measuring the temperature characteristics of each strain gauge on a balance element by using a ground temperature test box to obtain the function relation of the resistance value of each strain gauge along with the temperature change, then calculating the corresponding resistance value of each strain gauge according to the temperature of the strain gauge in the test process, calculating the bridge circuit output by using a Wheatstone bridge calculation formula, representing the bridge circuit output as a function of the characteristic temperature of the balance at the moment, and finally correcting the formula according to the initial reading of the balance in the actual wind tunnel test and the data of three balances under the same stress and pose states to obtain the final curve of the initial reading of the bridge circuit along with the characteristic temperature change in the test; the invention can be used for correcting the temperature drift of the wind tunnel strain balance caused by the temperature gradient, and particularly can well correct a bridge circuit with nonlinear temperature effect; the method is suitable for both temporary impulse type wind tunnels and continuous type wind tunnels, and can obtain better correction effect; the method is applicable to a wider temperature range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aerodynamic force measurement of aerospace force measurement tests, and particularly relates to a wind tunnel strain balance temperature drift correction method.
Background
The output change of the bridge circuit of the wind tunnel strain balance caused by the temperature change is called temperature drift. The temperature drift is taken as an important technical index of the strain balance, and directly influences the measurement accuracy of the balance. The reasons for the temperature drift are mainly two: on one hand, in the wind tunnel test process, the temperature change of the sticking positions of the strain gauges on the same bridge of the balance is different, namely, the temperature gradient exists, and the change of the bridge output can be caused. On the other hand, different strain gauge resistances respond differently to temperature, i.e. the strain gauges have different temperature characteristics, which also causes variations in bridge circuit output.
At present, two methods for dealing with temperature drift are mainly used: one method is to suppress the temperature drift by compensation, and the method is to measure the curve of the balance bridge circuit output along with the temperature change in a ground temperature test box, and then add a certain length of compensation wire with resistance value sensitive to the temperature in the bridge circuit to counteract the influence caused by the resistance value change of the strain gauge. The resistance value of the compensation wire is in a linear relation with the temperature change, the length of the compensation wire is calculated by a qualitative formula, and the temperature drift can be controlled within a required range only by repeatedly carrying out a temperature test and changing the length of the compensation wire. The method is suitable for the condition that the temperature characteristic of the bridge circuit is linear or close to linear, and the satisfactory result is difficult to obtain for the bridge circuit with nonlinear temperature characteristic. In addition, the method needs to reasonably set the temperature compensation range, the temperature range is too small to cover the balance temperature condition in the wind tunnel test, and the temperature range is too large, so that the compensation difficulty is increased. More importantly, the temperature rise environment and the mode of the balance in the temperature test box are obviously different from those of the balance in the wind tunnel test process, the temperature change of a balance body is obviously different, the temperature drift caused by the temperature gradient cannot be compensated, the temperature drift still exists during the actual work of the balance after the temperature compensation, and effective measurement and control are not obtained. Another approach is to reduce temperature drift by choosing strain gauges that match each other. The method comprises the steps of sticking a plurality of strain gauges on a test element, measuring the temperature characteristic of each strain gauge by using a ground temperature box, and selecting the strain gauge with the temperature characteristic close to that of the ground temperature box as a spare strain gauge of the same bridge circuit. And (4) removing the spare strain gauge of the same bridge circuit from the test element, and adhering the spare strain gauge to the balance element to form the bridge circuit. Because the temperature characteristics of the strain gauges in the same bridge circuit are close to each other, the temperature drift caused by different temperature characteristics of the strain gauges can be reduced, and the nonlinear temperature characteristics of the bridge circuit can be avoided to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention proposes a new temperature drift correction method to overcome the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art. According to the method, a change curve of the balance along with the balance characteristic temperature, which is an unloaded reading, can be fitted through temperature data obtained in a ground temperature test and a wind tunnel test, so that the purpose of correcting the balance temperature drift is achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for correcting temperature drift of a wind tunnel balance comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: sticking a resistance strain gauge on an elastic element of the balance, and sticking a thermal resistor at a position corresponding to the strain gauge;
step two: putting the balance into a ground temperature test box, and setting a target temperature;
step three; heating or cooling the temperature test box, measuring the resistance value change of each strain gauge of the balance in the heating or cooling process, measuring the temperature change condition of the corresponding strain gauge by using a thermal resistor, setting the temperature as an independent variable, setting the resistance value of the strain gauge as a dependent variable, and fitting a function;
step four: repeating the step three for multiple times, averaging the function coefficients of the same strain gauge to obtain a function of the resistance value of the averaged strain gauge along with the temperature change;
step five: testing the resistance strain gauges after bridging, measuring the temperature of each strain gauge of the balance in real time by using a thermal resistor, calculating the resistance change of each strain gauge of the balance at different moments due to temperature change by using the function of the resistance value of each strain gauge obtained in the fourth step along with the temperature change, calculating the theoretical output of the bridge at the moment due to the temperature change by using a Wheatstone bridge theoretical calculation formula, calculating the characteristic temperature of the bridge circuit of the balance at the moment, and fitting the theoretical output of the bridge in the whole test due to the temperature change into a quadratic polynomial of the characteristic temperature of the balance;
step six: and correcting a balance theoretical output formula of the bridge caused by temperature change by using balance bridge output data under the condition that the balance initial reading, the stress and the pose in the wind tunnel test are the same and the characteristic temperature of the balance bridge at the corresponding moment to obtain a balance bridge output correction value caused by the temperature change in the wind tunnel test. The modified formula is of the form:
wherein U is the balance initial reading of real-time temperature correction, T is the balance characteristic temperature, T1、T2、T3The characteristic temperature, delta T, of the balance body under the condition of the same stress in the wind tunnel test process1For the current characteristic temperature and T1Difference between, Δ T2For the current characteristic temperature and T2The difference between a and b is the temperature coefficient of the strain gauge, c1、c2、d1、d2Is the force coefficient of the balance, c0The method is characterized in that the coefficient is a balance initial reading coefficient, the change rule of the resistance value of each strain gauge along with the temperature obtained in the ground temperature test and the temperature change data of each strain gauge at each moment in the wind tunnel test process are utilized to obtain the values of the coefficients a and b, and the balance readings under three same stress conditions in the wind tunnel test process are utilized to obtain the coefficient c1、c2、d1、d2The coefficient c is obtained by using the initial reading of the balance collected before the wind tunnel test0A value of (d);
step seven: and calculating the initial reading of the balance at any moment in the wind tunnel test by using the corrected formula obtained in the step six, thereby eliminating the error of the balance measurement caused by temperature drift.
In the above technical solution, the resistance strain gauge in the first step is not bridged before the fifth step.
In the above technical solution, the corresponding position in the first step refers to a position having the same temperature change as a corresponding strain gauge bonding position in the ground temperature test and the wind tunnel test.
In the above technical scheme, the target temperature in the second step is close to the temperature variation range of the balance in the wind tunnel test process.
In the above technical solution, the characteristic temperature in the fifth step is an average value of temperatures of the strain gauges in the bridge circuit.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: under the existing conditions, the readings of the balance under the condition of no wind load cannot be collected in real time in the wind tunnel test process, namely the initial readings of the balance, and the loads of the balance at different moments can only be calculated by using the initial readings before the wind tunnel test to represent the initial readings at different moments. Because of temperature drift, the initial reading of the balance can be different due to the temperature change of the balance body, and the measurement error can be caused by the fact that the initial reading before the test is still adopted to calculate the loading condition. The existing temperature drift correction method is mainly based on controlling the temperature drift, and the new method is based on accurately calculating the temperature drift values at different moments in the wind tunnel test process.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the temperature drift of the wind tunnel strain balance caused by the temperature gradient can be corrected by using the device, and particularly, a bridge circuit with nonlinear temperature effect can be well corrected; secondly, the method is suitable for both temporary impulse type wind tunnels and continuous type wind tunnels, and can obtain better correction effect; thirdly, the applicable temperature range of the method is wider; and fourthly, the method corrects the data temperature drift in the actual wind tunnel test, so that the correction effect is better.
Drawings
The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the sticking positions of a balance pitching moment strain gauge and a thermal resistor;
fig. 2 strain gauge temperature profile.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Example one
Taking a certain balance pitching moment element as an example, as shown in fig. 1, the pitching moment elements 1 and 3 strain gauges are adhered to the same section perpendicular to the X axis, and the pitching moment elements 2 and 4 strain gauges are adhered to the other section. Tests show that in the whole test process, the balance body temperature changes on the same section perpendicular to the X axis are basically the same for the front combined element and the rear combined element, so that in the example, only a pt100 temperature detector needs to be adhered to the two sections at proper positions.
The balance and the support rod are installed and put into a temperature test box together. The temperature is raised from room temperature until the temperature measured by the first thermometer reaches 70 ℃. And acquiring resistance value data of four strain gauges and pt100 temperature data of two gauges at intervals of 2s in the temperature rise process. And fitting the change relationship of the resistance values of the strain gauges 1 and 3 along with the temperature measured by the pt100 thermometer 1 into a quadratic polynomial, and fitting the change relationship of the resistance values of the strain gauges 2 and 4 along with the temperature measured by the pt100 thermometer 2 into a quadratic polynomial to obtain four formulas.
Repeatedly heating for 5 times, obtaining 5 fitting formulas for each strain gauge, averaging coefficients corresponding to the 5 formulas to obtain an averaged calculation formula, wherein the averaged change curve of the four strain gauges is shown in fig. 2, and the calculation formula is as follows:
the Wheatstone bridge is formed in a mode that the strain gauges 1 and 2 are paired arms and the strain gauges 3 and 4 are paired arms.
The basic steps of a certain temporary impulse type wind tunnel test are as follows: mounting the balance and the support rod on the wind tunnel supporting mechanism; installing a model, setting an attack angle to zero, collecting initial readings, starting to record time, continuously measuring and synchronously recording the readings of the balance and the temperature data of a pt100 thermodetector; and starting the wind tunnel by keeping the zero position of the attack angle, acquiring the output of the balance bridge circuit at the zero position of the first attack angle after the flow field is established, then stably acquiring the output of the corresponding balance bridge circuit by the flow field after the attack angle is changed every time, and recording the time.
The change process of the attack angle is as follows: starting from the zero position of the attack angle, the attack angle is increased in a step mode, the attack angle is reduced after the step mode is carried out to the maximum positive attack angle, the attack angle is reduced in a step mode for the second time of zero position, then the attack angle is increased in a step mode in the negative direction, the attack angle is reduced after the step mode is carried out to the maximum negative attack angle, and the air blowing is stopped after the third time of zero position of the attack angle.
The resistance value change of the strain gauges at different moments caused by the temperature change is calculated by using the temperature collected by the No. 1 pt100 temperature detector and the calculation formulas of the resistance values and the temperature changes of the No. 1 and No. 3 strain gauges in the blowing process, and the resistance value change of the No. 2 and No. 4 strain gauges at different moments is calculated in the same way. And calculating the theoretical bridge output of the balance caused by temperature change at different moments by utilizing a Wheatstone bridge theoretical calculation formula, and fitting the theoretical bridge output into a quadratic polynomial of time.
U0＝-0.0000101×T2-0.00258×T+2.22
The balance theoretical output formula of the bridge caused by temperature change is corrected by using balance bridge output data under the conditions of balance initial reading, three-time attack angle zero position and balance bridge characteristic temperature at corresponding moment in the wind tunnel test, and the corrected formula form is as follows:
where U is the corrected initial balance reading, T is the bridge characteristic temperature of the balance, T1、T2、T3Is the characteristic temperature of a balance bridge circuit under the condition of three-time attack angle zero position in the wind tunnel test process, delta T1For the current characteristic temperature and T1Difference between, Δ T2For the current characteristic temperature and T2The difference between them. The values of coefficients a and b are identical to those before correction, coefficient c1、c2、d1、d2The value of (a) is calculated by balance reading under the condition of three-time attack angle zero position in the wind tunnel test process and bridge circuit characteristic temperature at corresponding moment, and the coefficient c0The value of (A) is calculated by primary scale reading collected before the wind tunnel test. And finally, the formula of the initial reading of the wind tunnel test balance changing along with the characteristic temperature is as follows:
the invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (1)
1. A wind tunnel balance temperature drift correction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adhering a resistance strain gauge on an elastic element of a balance, and adhering a thermal resistor at a position corresponding to the resistance strain gauge, wherein the corresponding position refers to a position with the same temperature change as the corresponding position where the resistance strain gauge is adhered in the ground temperature test and wind tunnel test processes;
step two: putting the balance into a ground temperature test box, and setting a target temperature;
step three; heating or cooling the temperature test box, measuring the resistance value change of each resistance strain gauge of the balance in the heating or cooling process, measuring the temperature change condition of the corresponding resistance strain gauge by using a thermal resistor, setting the temperature as an independent variable, setting the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge as a dependent variable, and fitting a function;
step four: repeating the step three for multiple times, averaging the function coefficients of the same resistance strain gauge to obtain a function of the resistance value of the averaged resistance strain gauge along with the temperature change;
step five: testing the resistance strain gauges after bridging, measuring the temperature of each resistance strain gauge of the balance in real time by using a thermal resistor, calculating the resistance change of each resistance strain gauge of the balance at different moments due to the temperature change by using the function of the resistance value of the resistance strain gauge obtained in the fourth step along with the temperature change, calculating the theoretical output of the bridge at the moment due to the temperature change by using a Wheatstone bridge theoretical calculation formula, and calculating the characteristic temperature of the bridge at the moment, wherein the characteristic temperature is the average value of the temperatures of the resistance strain gauges in the bridge, and fitting the theoretical output of the bridge in the whole test due to the temperature change into a quadratic polynomial of the characteristic temperature of the bridge of the balance;
step six: the balance bridge circuit output data under the condition that the balance bridge circuit initial reading, the stress and the pose are the same in the wind tunnel test and the balance bridge circuit characteristic temperature at the corresponding moment are utilized to correct a balance theoretical output formula of a bridge circuit caused by temperature change, so that a balance bridge circuit output correction value caused by the temperature change in the wind tunnel test is obtained, and the corrected formula form is as follows:
wherein: wherein U is the initial reading of the real-time temperature-corrected balance, T is the characteristic temperature of the balance, T1、T2、T3The characteristic temperature, delta T, of the balance body under the condition of the same stress in the wind tunnel test process1For the current characteristic temperature and T1Difference between, Δ T2For the current characteristic temperature and T2The difference between a and b is the temperature coefficient of the resistance strain gauge, c1、c2、d1、d2Is the stress coefficient of the balance, obtained by using the readings of the balance under three same stress conditions in the wind tunnel test process, c0Is the initial reading coefficient of the balance;
step seven: and calculating the initial reading of the balance at any moment in the wind tunnel test by using the corrected formula obtained in the step six, thereby eliminating the error of the balance measurement caused by temperature drift.
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| CN113324729B (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2022-10-21 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Physical compensation method for temperature drift of wind tunnel balance |
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| CN101806654A (en) * | 2010-05-07 | 2010-08-18 | 沈阳航空航天大学 | Fiber grating five-component force balance and measuring method |
| CN201754115U (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2011-03-02 | 四川蜀谷仪表科技有限公司 | Digital pressure meter |
| CN102539107B (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2014-01-01 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Method for accurately synchronizing test signals of wind tunnel |
| CN103837300B (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-03-16 | 成都千嘉科技有限公司 | With the pressure sensor calibration method of temperature compensation |
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| CN104849019A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心设备设计及测试技术研究所 | Circuit design method for reducing temperature effect of wind tunnel balance |
| CN104990683B (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2018-02-06 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | One kind segmentation type micro hinge moment balance |
| CN108195555B (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2019-09-24 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心超高速空气动力研究所 | Optical fibre balance aerodynamics force measurement system and measurement method |
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