CN108990525B - A kind of green manure crushing and turning machine - Google Patents
A kind of green manure crushing and turning machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN108990525B CN108990525B CN201810945920.9A CN201810945920A CN108990525B CN 108990525 B CN108990525 B CN 108990525B CN 201810945920 A CN201810945920 A CN 201810945920A CN 108990525 B CN108990525 B CN 108990525B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
- A01D43/08—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with means for cutting up the mown crop, e.g. forage harvesters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
- A01D43/12—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with soil-working implements, e.g. ploughs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D65/00—Grain-crop lifters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D69/00—Driving mechanisms or parts thereof for harvesters or mowers
- A01D69/06—Gearings
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Abstract
一种绿肥粉碎翻压机,属于农业机械技术领域。包括机架及安装在机架上的扶起装置、切割装置、粉碎装置、翻转装置、镇压装置、传动装置;所述扶起装置接地端带有打刀,将匍匐的绿植扶起切断后输送至切割装置,所述切割装置上的动割刀和静割刀交替设置,驱动动割刀相对于静割刀往复运动实现二道粉碎切割;所述粉碎装置上前压刀组件、后压刀组件交替摆动,对绿植进行三道粉碎;所述翻转装置带动其上翻土组件实现翻土及四道粉碎动作;所述镇压装置安装在机架后方,镇压粉碎后的绿植;所述传动装置分别连接扶起装置、切割装置、粉碎装置和翻转装置在,驱动各装置运转。本发明可以达到“多道粉碎”的效果,可有效的使粉碎后的绿肥和土壤混合。
A green manure crushing and turning machine belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. It includes a frame and a lifting device, a cutting device, a crushing device, a turning device, a suppressing device, and a transmission device installed on the frame; the grounding end of the lifting device is equipped with a knife to lift and cut the creeping green plants. Transported to the cutting device, the moving cutting knife and the static cutting knife on the cutting device are alternately arranged to drive the moving cutting knife to reciprocate relative to the static cutting knife to achieve two-pass crushing and cutting; the crushing device has a front pressure knife assembly and a rear pressure knife The components alternately swing to crush the green plants in three stages; the turning device drives the soil turning component to realize soil turning and four crushing operations; the suppression device is installed behind the frame to suppress the crushed green plants; The transmission device is respectively connected to the lifting device, cutting device, crushing device and turning device to drive each device to operate. The invention can achieve the effect of "multi-pass crushing" and can effectively mix the crushed green manure and soil.
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于农业机械技术领域,特别是涉及一种绿肥粉碎翻压机,可实现杂草、绿肥等作物的扶起、切割、粉碎、翻压、覆土等一系列有序工序。The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a green manure crushing and turning machine, which can realize a series of orderly processes such as lifting, cutting, crushing, turning and covering weeds, green manure and other crops.
背景技术Background technique
绿肥翻压缺乏专用机械,虽然可以依赖部分机械实现一定程度机械化翻压,但这些机械针对性差,作业效率和效果都难以保证,随着绿肥种植规模的不断扩大,繁重的体力劳动与农村劳动力短缺的矛盾日益突出,迫切需要提高绿肥机械化作业水平。而其中绿肥的粉碎与翻压是绿肥生产及利用过程的重要组成部分,又由于绿肥翻压技术不够完善导致绿肥翻压机械及机具发展滞后。为了促进绿肥翻压机械化的发展,研制高效的绿肥翻压技术和机械是重中之重。There is a lack of special machinery for green manure rolling. Although some machines can be relied on to achieve a certain degree of mechanized rolling, these machines are poorly targeted and the operating efficiency and effect are difficult to guarantee. As the scale of green manure planting continues to expand, there is a shortage of heavy physical labor and rural labor. The contradictions are becoming increasingly prominent, and there is an urgent need to improve the level of mechanized operation of green fertilizers. Among them, the crushing and compaction of green fertilizer are important parts of the green fertilizer production and utilization process, and due to the insufficient green fertilizer compaction technology, the development of green fertilizer compaction machinery and equipment lags behind. In order to promote the development of green manure rolling mechanization, the development of efficient green manure rolling technology and machinery is a top priority.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对上述存在的技术问题,解决现有旋耕机粉碎不彻底、覆土率低、易缠刀的缺点,本发明提供一种绿肥粉碎翻压机,针对匍匐类绿肥或杂草作物。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems and solve the shortcomings of existing rotary tillers such as incomplete crushing, low soil covering rate, and easy knife entanglement, the present invention provides a green manure crushing and turning machine, which is aimed at creeping green manure or weed crops.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
本发明一种绿肥粉碎翻压机,包括机架及安装在机架上的扶起装置、切割装置、粉碎装置、翻转装置、镇压装置、传动装置;The invention is a green manure crushing and turning machine, which includes a frame and a lifting device, a cutting device, a crushing device, a turning device, a suppressing device and a transmission device installed on the frame;
所述扶起装置安装在工作前端,其接地端带有打刀,将匍匐的绿植扶起切断后输送至切割装置,扶起装置通过其扶起传动机构连接传动装置;The lifting device is installed at the front end of the work, and its grounding end is equipped with a knife to lift and cut the prostrate green plants and then transport them to the cutting device. The lifting device is connected to the transmission device through its lifting transmission mechanism;
所述切割装置安装在机架上,置于扶起装置后方,其上的动割刀和静割刀交替设置,动割刀通过往复驱动装置连接传动装置,驱动动割刀相对于静割刀往复运动实现二道粉碎切割;The cutting device is installed on the frame and placed behind the lifting device. The moving cutting knife and the static cutting knife are alternately arranged on it. The moving cutting knife is connected to the transmission device through the reciprocating driving device to drive the moving cutting knife to reciprocate relative to the static cutting knife. Movement enables two-pass crushing and cutting;
所述粉碎装置安装在机架上,置于切割装置后方,其上前压刀组件、后压刀组件通过粉碎传动轴连接传动装置,带动其上前、后压刀交替摆动,对二道粉碎切割后的绿植进行三道粉碎;The crushing device is installed on the frame and placed behind the cutting device. Its front and rear pressing knife components are connected to the transmission device through the crushing transmission shaft, driving its front and rear pressing knives to swing alternately to perform the second crushing process. The cut green plants are crushed in three stages;
所述翻转装置安装在机架上,置于粉碎装置后方,其翻土转轴连接传动装置,带动其上翻土组件实现翻土及四道粉碎动作;The turning device is installed on the frame and placed behind the crushing device. Its soil turning shaft is connected to the transmission device to drive the soil turning component above it to realize soil turning and four crushing actions;
所述镇压装置安装在机架后方,镇压粉碎后的绿植;The suppression device is installed behind the frame to suppress the crushed green plants;
所述传动装置分别连接扶起装置、切割装置、粉碎装置和翻转装置在,驱动各装置运转。The transmission device is respectively connected to the lifting device, cutting device, crushing device and turning device to drive each device to operate.
进一步地,所述扶起装置包括扶起框架、多组滚轮、传动链轮、扶起传动机构和打刀,所述多组滚轮并列设置在扶起框架内,每组滚轮均由两个异向转动的滚轮构成,各滚轮轴两端均通过弹性滑动机构连接在框架上,传动链轮安装在各个滚轮轴上方,扶起传动机构连接传动装置的左传动箱,通过扶起传动机构的传动链连接各个传动链轮及扶起输出链轮传动,打刀安装在滚轮轴的接地端。Further, the lifting device includes a lifting frame, multiple sets of rollers, a transmission sprocket, a lifting transmission mechanism and a knife. The multiple sets of rollers are arranged side by side in the lifting frame, and each set of rollers is composed of two different wheels. It is composed of rollers that rotate in a direction. Both ends of each roller shaft are connected to the frame through an elastic sliding mechanism. The transmission sprocket is installed above each roller shaft. The lifting transmission mechanism is connected to the left transmission box of the transmission device. The transmission of the lifting transmission mechanism is The chain connects each transmission sprocket and lifts the output sprocket for transmission, and the beating knife is installed on the ground end of the roller shaft.
进一步地,所述弹性滑动机构包括两固定座、多个复位弹簧、连接件及两个滑块,所述连接件两端均设置有弹簧杆,在连接件两侧的弹簧杆上对称设置滑块及固定座,在连接件和滑块及滑块和固定座之间的弹簧杆上均套置有复位弹簧,通过固定座连接在扶起框架上,滚轮轴安装在滑块的安装孔内,通过复位弹簧的弹力使与滚轮轴连接的滑块沿弹簧杆滑动。Further, the elastic sliding mechanism includes two fixed seats, a plurality of return springs, a connecting piece and two sliding blocks. Spring rods are provided at both ends of the connecting piece, and sliders are symmetrically provided on the spring rods on both sides of the connecting piece. The block and the fixed base are equipped with return springs on the spring rods between the connecting piece, the slide block and the slide block and the fixed base. They are connected to the lifting frame through the fixed base, and the roller shaft is installed in the mounting hole of the slide block. , the slider connected to the roller shaft slides along the spring rod through the elastic force of the return spring.
进一步地,所述切割装置包括动、静割刀组合及往复驱动装置,所述往复驱动装置包括切割连接轴、上皮带轮、下皮带轮、齿轮轴、轨道框架、往复框架,所述切割连接轴连接变速箱,切割连接轴上安装有上皮带轮,齿轮轴与切割连接轴平行,齿轮轴一端连接下皮带轮,上、下皮带轮间连接皮带,齿轮轴另一端安装齿轮,齿轮与轨道框架配合连接,轨道框架置于往复框架内,往复框架靠近地面端连接动割刀的连接架,带动动割刀相对静割刀往复运动,实现切割。Further, the cutting device includes a combination of dynamic and static cutting knives and a reciprocating drive device. The reciprocating drive device includes a cutting connecting shaft, an upper pulley, a lower pulley, a gear shaft, a rail frame, and a reciprocating frame. The cutting connecting shaft is connected to Gearbox, the upper pulley is installed on the cutting connection shaft, the gear shaft is parallel to the cutting connection shaft, one end of the gear shaft is connected to the lower pulley, the upper and lower pulleys are connected to the belt, the other end of the gear shaft is installed with gears, the gears are connected to the track frame, and the track The frame is placed in the reciprocating frame. The reciprocating frame is close to the ground end and is connected to the connecting frame of the moving cutting knife, which drives the moving cutting knife to reciprocate relative to the static cutting knife to achieve cutting.
进一步地,所述轨道框架包括安装板及置于安装板上的两弧形板和条形板,所述条形板为两端为弧形的条形结构,其上均匀间隔设置多个圆柱杆,相邻圆柱杆的间距与齿轮轴上的齿轮轮齿相配合,保证齿轮与圆柱杆配合传动,两弧形板对称置于条形板的弧形面两端,与条形板间形成弧形轨道,连同条形板两侧的直线轨道一起构成齿轮的运行轨道;齿轮上相对弧形轨道端还带有与弧形轨道配合连接的导向轴,在齿轮转动时,轨道框架上的运行轨道沿齿轮运行。Further, the track frame includes a mounting plate and two arc-shaped plates and a strip-shaped plate placed on the mounting plate. The strip-shaped plate is a strip structure with arc-shaped ends on which a plurality of cylinders are evenly spaced. rods, the spacing between adjacent cylindrical rods matches the gear teeth on the gear shaft to ensure that the gears and cylindrical rods are driven together. The two arc-shaped plates are symmetrically placed at both ends of the arc-shaped surface of the strip plate, forming a gap between them. The arc track, together with the linear tracks on both sides of the strip plate, constitute the running track of the gear; the opposite end of the arc track on the gear also has a guide shaft that is connected to the arc track. When the gear rotates, the running track on the track frame The rails run along the gears.
进一步地,所述粉碎装置为摇杆传动粉碎装置:包括多个由前压刀组件和后压刀组件构成的粉碎机构,相邻粉碎机构的前、后压刀组件的前后压刀交错重叠设置,前、后压刀组件的主动滑盘通过传动带连接在粉碎传动轴上,通过粉碎传动轴连接传动装置的左传动箱,与主动滑盘同轴设置有从动滑盘,主动滑盘连接前压刀的摇杆一端,从动滑盘连接后压刀的摇杆一端,两摇杆的另一端分别连接前压刀或后压刀的摆臂,摆臂一端分别安装前压刀或者后压刀,另一端分别连接在安装于机架的固定轴端部。Further, the crushing device is a rocker drive crushing device: it includes a plurality of crushing mechanisms composed of a front pressing knife assembly and a rear pressing knife assembly. The front and rear pressing knife assemblies of adjacent crushing mechanisms are arranged in a staggered and overlapping manner. , the driving sliding plates of the front and rear pressure knife assemblies are connected to the crushing transmission shaft through the transmission belt, and are connected to the left transmission box of the transmission device through the crushing transmission shaft. A driven sliding plate is provided coaxially with the driving sliding plate, and the driving sliding plate is connected to the front One end of the rocker that presses the knife is connected to the driven slide plate and one end of the rocker that presses the rear knife. The other ends of the two rockers are respectively connected to the swing arm of the front or rear pressure knife. One end of the swing arm is installed with the front or rear pressure knife respectively. The other end of the knife is connected to the end of the fixed shaft installed on the frame.
进一步地,所述翻转装置包括两对称设置的带有导轨的轨道板、十字转动架及多个翻土组件,所述两轨道板上均通过转轴连接有十字转动架,在两十字转动架之间的十字端头均连接有曲柄,曲柄上还设置有沿导轨转动的滚轮,每个曲柄上均设置有多个翻土组件,相邻曲柄上的翻土组件交错设置,十字转动架转动同时带动曲柄沿导轨运转,带动其上的翻土组件进行翻土动作。Further, the turning device includes two symmetrically arranged track plates with guide rails, a cross turret and a plurality of earth turning assemblies. The two track plates are connected to a cross turret through a rotating shaft, and between the two cross turrets The cross ends between the cranks are connected with cranks, and the cranks are also equipped with rollers that rotate along the guide rails. Each crank is equipped with multiple soil-turning components. The soil-turning components on adjacent cranks are staggered, and the cross turret rotates at the same time. The crank is driven to run along the guide rail, and the soil plowing assembly on it is driven to perform soil plowing action.
进一步地,所述翻土组件包括安装座、连接臂、固定外壳、翻土铲、复位机构,所述连接臂一端连接安装座,另一端通过复位机构连接在翻土铲的固定外壳内,翻土铲连接在固定外壳的外端面,与固定外壳间的安装角度α是90~95度,翻土铲入土端宽度W为128~130mm,长度L为78~80。Further, the soil-turning assembly includes a mounting base, a connecting arm, a fixed shell, a soil-moving shovel, and a reset mechanism. One end of the connecting arm is connected to the mounting base, and the other end is connected to the fixed housing of the soil-turning shovel through a reset mechanism. The soil shovel is connected to the outer end surface of the fixed shell, and the installation angle α between the shovel and the fixed housing is 90 to 95 degrees. The width W of the end of the shovel entering the soil is 128 to 130 mm, and the length L is 78 to 80.
进一步地,所述弹性复位机构包括定位杆、复位弹簧、固定外壳和固定螺母,所述定位杆一端连接在连接臂端部,其上套装复位弹簧置于固定外壳内,定位杆另一端伸出固定外壳,通过固定螺母固定连接。Further, the elastic return mechanism includes a positioning rod, a return spring, a fixed shell and a fixed nut. One end of the positioning rod is connected to the end of the connecting arm, a reset spring is placed on it and placed in the fixed shell, and the other end of the positioning rod extends out. Fix the shell and secure the connection with the fixing nut.
进一步地,所述镇压装置包括镇压轮及刮土机构,所述刮土机构包括刮土板、齿轮臂、传动齿轮、驱动齿轮、手柄及外壳,所述镇压轮通过安装架安装在机架后端,刮土板两端通过齿轮臂转动连接在镇压轮的安装架上,齿轮臂另一端部带有轮齿,与安装在机架上的传动齿轮啮合传动,传动齿轮与安装在机架上的驱动齿轮啮合传动,驱动齿轮上带有手柄,通过摇动手柄调整刮土板与镇压轮间的安装距离。Further, the suppression device includes a suppression wheel and a scraping mechanism. The scraping mechanism includes a molding board, a gear arm, a transmission gear, a driving gear, a handle and a housing. The suppression wheel is installed behind the frame through a mounting bracket. end, both ends of the moldboard are rotationally connected to the mounting frame of the suppression wheel through gear arms. The other end of the gear arm has gear teeth that mesh with the transmission gear installed on the frame. The transmission gear is mounted on the frame. The drive gear is meshed and driven, and the drive gear is equipped with a handle. The installation distance between the moldboard and the suppression wheel can be adjusted by shaking the handle.
本发明的有益效果为:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1.本发明的扶起装置可以将匍匐的绿肥通过打刀切断然后再输送给切割装置进行二道切割粉碎,然后再经由粉碎装置4进行三道粉碎,最后再由翻转装置进行翻土,翻转装置不仅可以实现翻土的作用也可以实现对绿肥茎叶及根茬的粉碎,这样就可以达到“多道粉碎”的效果,可有效的使粉碎后的绿肥和土壤混合。1. The lifting device of the present invention can cut the creeping green manure with a knife and then transport it to the cutting device for two cuts and crushing, and then through the crushing device 4 for three crushings, and finally the turning device performs soil plowing and turning. The device can not only turn over the soil, but also crush the stems, leaves and root stubble of green manure. This can achieve the effect of "multi-channel crushing" and effectively mix the crushed green manure with the soil.
2.本发明的扶起装置采用链传动,能够实现两个滚轮的异向转动;滚轮通过弹性滑动机构安装,使得每组两滚轮可以在弹力作用下发生水平位移,使夹持的绿植通过,之后又可以在弹力作用下复位,保证夹持绿植效果;可以很好的将被打刀打断的绿肥输送给切割装置。2. The lifting device of the present invention adopts chain transmission, which can realize the opposite rotation of the two rollers; the rollers are installed through an elastic sliding mechanism, so that each set of two rollers can undergo horizontal displacement under the action of elastic force, allowing the clamped green plants to pass , and then can be reset under the action of elastic force to ensure the effect of clamping green plants; it can well transport the green manure interrupted by the knife to the cutting device.
3.本发明的切割装置采用了齿轮导轨和滑块框架以及带传动相结合来实现切割装置的往复运动;使轨道框架上的轨道沿齿轮转动,实现往复运动;这样就可以很好的带动切割装置的动刀片不断地进行往复运动,使动刀片不停的切割绿肥达到很好的切割效果。3. The cutting device of the present invention adopts a combination of gear guide rail, slider frame and belt drive to realize the reciprocating motion of the cutting device; the rail on the rail frame is rotated along the gear to realize the reciprocating motion; in this way, the cutting device can be driven well The movable blade of the device continuously moves back and forth, so that the movable blade can continuously cut green manure to achieve a good cutting effect.
4.本发明的粉碎装置采用摇杆传动,并将粉碎刀设计为双刀重叠粉碎;前后压刀摇杆任意角度180度设置,使前后压刀在摆臂作用下交替工作,实现切割粉碎。因为是前后压刀重叠式的布局设计可以很好的实现对同一位置重叠粉碎,并且不会产生漏切的情况。4. The crushing device of the present invention adopts rocker transmission, and the crushing knife is designed to have double knives for overlapping crushing; the front and rear pressing knife rockers are set at any angle of 180 degrees, so that the front and rear pressing knives work alternately under the action of the swing arm to achieve cutting and crushing. Because of the overlapping layout design of the front and rear pressing knives, it is possible to achieve overlapping crushing at the same position without missing cuts.
5.本发明的翻转装置采用导轨式转动,并将实现入土、翻土、扬土功能的翻土组件设计成弹性可自我保护的装置;当翻土铲在旋转过程中遇到石块或者树根时,复位弹簧被压缩,翻土铲回缩避开石块,防止翻土铲刃口处崩裂,之后复位弹簧复位,翻土铲恢复到原来位置。5. The turning device of the present invention adopts guide rail rotation, and the soil turning component that realizes the functions of soil entry, soil turning, and soil lifting is designed as an elastic and self-protecting device; when the soil turning shovel encounters stones or trees during the rotation process, When the blade is rooted, the return spring is compressed and the tiller retracts to avoid stones to prevent the edge of the tiller from cracking. Then the return spring returns and the tiller returns to its original position.
6.本发明的镇压装置采用镇压轮和刮土板相结合的设计,实现随时刮掉镇压轮上的泥土,防止泥土层过厚,不利于镇压作业。6. The suppression device of the present invention adopts a design that combines a suppression wheel and a moldboard to scrape off the soil on the suppression wheel at any time to prevent the soil layer from being too thick, which is not conducive to suppression operations.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
图2为图1的俯视图。FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 .
图3为图1去除端盖结构示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Figure 1 with the end cap removed.
图4为图3的右视图。Figure 4 is a right view of Figure 3.
图5为图1中扶起装置结构示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the lifting device in Figure 1.
图6为图5的俯视图。FIG. 6 is a top view of FIG. 5 .
图7为图5中弹性滑动机构结构示意图。Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the elastic sliding mechanism in Figure 5.
图8为图5中链轮和传动链配合传动示意图。Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the sprocket and the transmission chain in Figure 5.
图9为图1中切割装置结构示意图。Figure 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the cutting device in Figure 1.
图10为图9的轨道框架结构示意图。Figure 10 is a schematic structural diagram of the track frame of Figure 9.
图11为图9的立体结构示意图。Figure 11 is a schematic three-dimensional structural diagram of Figure 9.
图12为图1中粉碎装置结构示意图。Figure 12 is a schematic structural diagram of the crushing device in Figure 1.
图13为图12的示意图。Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of Figure 12.
图14为图1中翻转装置结构示意图。Figure 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the flipping device in Figure 1.
图15为图14去除轨道板的侧面结构示意图。Figure 15 is a schematic side structural view of Figure 14 with the track plate removed.
图16为图15中翻土铲结构示意图。Figure 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the earth-moving shovel in Figure 15.
图17为图1的传动结构示意图。Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the transmission structure of Figure 1.
图18为图17的俯视示意图。FIG. 18 is a schematic top view of FIG. 17 .
图19为本发明实施例2采用的打刀结构示意图。Figure 19 is a schematic structural diagram of the knife used in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
图中:In the picture:
1.扶起装置,11.扶起框架,12.滚轮,13.传动链轮,14.打刀,15.弹性滑动机构,151.固定座,152.复位弹簧,153.滑块,154.弹簧杆,155.连接件,16.扶起传动机构,161.扶起传动水平轴,162.扶起传动竖直轴,163.扶起输出链轮,164.传动链,17.固定链轮;1. Lifting device, 11. Lifting frame, 12. Roller, 13. Transmission sprocket, 14. Knife, 15. Elastic sliding mechanism, 151. Fixed seat, 152. Return spring, 153. Slider, 154. Spring rod, 155. Connector, 16. Lift up the transmission mechanism, 161. Lift up the transmission horizontal shaft, 162. Lift up the transmission vertical shaft, 163. Lift up the output sprocket, 164. Transmission chain, 17. Fixed sprocket ;
2.切割装置,21.动割刀,22.静割刀,23.上皮带轮,24.下皮带轮,25.传动带,26.轨道框架,261.安装板,262.弧形板,263.条形板,264.圆柱杆,265.弧形轨道,27.往复框架,28.齿轮轴,281.齿轮,29.连接架;2. Cutting device, 21. Moving cutting knife, 22. Stationary cutting knife, 23. Upper pulley, 24. Lower pulley, 25. Transmission belt, 26. Track frame, 261. Installation plate, 262. Arc plate, 263. Strip Shaped plate, 264. Cylindrical rod, 265. Arc track, 27. Reciprocating frame, 28. Gear shaft, 281. Gear, 29. Connecting frame;
3.机架,31机架底座,32.地轮,33.后盖;3. Frame, 31 frame base, 32. Ground wheel, 33. Back cover;
4.粉碎装置,41.后压刀,42.前压刀,43.从动滑盘,44.主动滑盘,45.摆臂,46.摇杆,47.连接轴,48.传动带,49.固定轴,410.皮带轮,411.粉碎传动轴;4. Crushing device, 41. Rear pressure knife, 42. Front pressure knife, 43. Driven sliding plate, 44. Active sliding plate, 45. Swing arm, 46. Rocker, 47. Connecting shaft, 48. Transmission belt, 49 .Fixed shaft, 410. Pulley, 411. Crushing drive shaft;
5.翻土装置,51.轨道板,52.导轨,53.十字转动架,54.翻土组件,541.滚轮,542.安装座,543.连接臂,544.固定外壳,545.复位弹簧,546.定位杆,547.固定螺母,548.翻土铲;55.曲柄;56.翻转转轴;5. Soil turning device, 51. Track plate, 52. Guide rail, 53. Cross turret, 54. Soil turning component, 541. Roller, 542. Mounting seat, 543. Connecting arm, 544. Fixed shell, 545. Return spring , 546. Positioning rod, 547. Fixing nut, 548. Soil shovel; 55. Crank; 56. Turning shaft;
6.悬挂架;6. Suspension rack;
7.变速箱,71.右传动箱,72.左传动箱,73.切割连接轴,74.锥齿轮;7. Gearbox, 71. Right transmission box, 72. Left transmission box, 73. Cutting connecting shaft, 74. Bevel gear;
8.镇压装置,81.外壳,82.手柄,83.驱动齿轮,84.传动齿轮,85.齿轮臂,86.刮土板,87.镇压轮。8. Suppression device, 81. Housing, 82. Handle, 83. Driving gear, 84. Transmission gear, 85. Gear arm, 86. Moldboard, 87. Suppression wheel.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进行详细描述。The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
实施例1:如图1-图3所示,本发明一种绿肥粉碎翻压机,包括机架3及安装在机架3上的扶起装置1、切割装置2、粉碎装置4、翻土装置5、镇压装置8、传动装置;Embodiment 1: As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a green manure crushing and turning machine of the present invention includes a frame 3 and a lifting device 1 installed on the frame 3, a cutting device 2, a crushing device 4, and soil turning. Device 5, suppression device 8, transmission device;
所述扶起装置1安装在机架3的工作前端,其接地端带有打刀14,将匍匐的绿植扶起切断后输送至切割装置2,扶起装置1通过其扶起传动机构连接传动装置;The lifting device 1 is installed at the working front end of the frame 3, and its grounding end is equipped with a knife 14. It lifts and cuts the prostrate green plants and then transports them to the cutting device 2. The lifting device 1 is connected through its lifting transmission mechanism. transmission;
所述切割装置2安装在机架3上,置于扶起装置1后方,其上的动割刀21和静割刀22交替设置,动割刀21通过往复驱动装置连接传动装置,驱动动割刀21相对于静割刀22往复运动实现二道粉碎切割;The cutting device 2 is installed on the frame 3 and placed behind the lifting device 1. The moving cutting knife 21 and the static cutting knife 22 are alternately arranged on it. The moving cutting knife 21 is connected to the transmission device through the reciprocating driving device to drive the moving cutting device. The knife 21 reciprocates relative to the static cutting knife 22 to achieve two crushing cuts;
所述粉碎装置4安装在机架3上,置于切割装置2后方,其上前压刀组件、后压刀组件通过粉碎传动轴411连接传动装置,带动其上前压刀42、后压刀41交替摆动,对二道粉碎切割后的绿植进行三道粉碎;The crushing device 4 is installed on the frame 3 and placed behind the cutting device 2. Its upper front pressing knife assembly and rear pressing knife assembly are connected to the transmission device through the crushing transmission shaft 411 to drive its upper front pressing knife 42 and rear pressing knife assembly. 41 alternately swings to crush the green plants after the second crushing and cutting in three passes;
所述翻土装置5安装在机架3上,置于粉碎装置4后方,其翻转转轴56连接传动装置,带动其上翻土组件54实现翻土及四道粉碎动作;The soil plowing device 5 is installed on the frame 3 and placed behind the crushing device 4. Its flipping shaft 56 is connected to the transmission device to drive the soil plowing assembly 54 on it to realize soil plowing and four crushing actions;
所述镇压装置安装在机架后方,镇压粉碎后的绿植;The suppression device is installed behind the frame to suppress the crushed green plants;
所述传动装置分别连接扶起装置、切割装置、粉碎装置和翻土装置在,驱动各装置运转。The transmission device is respectively connected to the lifting device, cutting device, crushing device and soil turning device to drive each device to operate.
如图4、图5所示,所述扶起装置1包括扶起框架11、多组滚轮12、传动链轮13、扶起传动机构及打刀14,所述多组滚轮12并列设置在扶起框架11内,每组滚轮12均由两个异向转动的滚轮构成,各滚轮轴两端均通过弹性滑动机构15连接在扶起框架11上,传动链轮13安装在各个滚轮轴上方,扶起传动机构连接左传动箱72,通过扶起传动机构的传动链164连接各个传动链轮及扶起输出链轮163传动,打刀14安装在滚轮轴的接地端。As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the lifting device 1 includes a lifting frame 11, multiple sets of rollers 12, a transmission sprocket 13, a lifting transmission mechanism and a knife 14. The multiple sets of rollers 12 are arranged side by side on the lifting device. In the lifting frame 11, each set of rollers 12 is composed of two rollers rotating in opposite directions. Both ends of each roller shaft are connected to the lifting frame 11 through an elastic sliding mechanism 15. The transmission sprocket 13 is installed above each roller shaft. The lifting transmission mechanism is connected to the left transmission box 72, and the transmission chain 164 of the lifting transmission mechanism is connected to each transmission sprocket and the lifting output sprocket 163 for transmission. The beating knife 14 is installed on the grounding end of the roller shaft.
如图5、图7所示,所述弹性滑动机构15包括两固定座151、多个复位弹簧152、连接件155及两个滑块153,所述连接件155两端均设置有弹簧杆154,在连接件155两侧的弹簧杆154上对称设置滑块153及固定座151,在连接件155和滑块153及滑块153和固定座151之间的弹簧杆154上均套置有复位弹簧152,通过固定座151连接在扶起框架11上,滚轮轴安装在滑块153的安装孔内,通过复位弹簧152的弹力使与滚轮轴连接的滑块153沿弹簧杆154滑动。通过弹性滑动机构15固定滚轮12,可以使两个组合在一起的滚轮12滑动后再恢复到原位置,实现夹持绿植的作用。As shown in Figures 5 and 7, the elastic sliding mechanism 15 includes two fixed seats 151, a plurality of return springs 152, a connecting piece 155 and two slide blocks 153. The connecting piece 155 is provided with spring rods 154 at both ends. , the slider 153 and the fixed base 151 are symmetrically arranged on the spring rods 154 on both sides of the connecting piece 155, and the spring rods 154 between the connecting piece 155 and the sliding block 153 and the sliding block 153 and the fixed base 151 are equipped with resets. The spring 152 is connected to the lifting frame 11 through the fixed seat 151. The roller shaft is installed in the mounting hole of the slider 153. The elastic force of the return spring 152 causes the slider 153 connected to the roller shaft to slide along the spring rod 154. The rollers 12 are fixed by the elastic sliding mechanism 15, so that the two combined rollers 12 can slide and then return to their original positions, thereby realizing the function of clamping green plants.
如图4所示,扶起传动机构16包括扶起传动水平轴161、扶起传动竖直轴162、扶起输出链轮163及传动链164,所述扶起传动水平轴161一端与粉碎传动轴411在同一平面垂直设置,通过锥齿轮啮合传动,扶起传动水平轴161的另一端与扶起传动竖直轴162通过锥齿轮啮合传动,扶起传动竖直轴162垂直于扶起传动水平轴161和粉碎传动轴411轴线所在的平面,在扶起传动竖直轴162端部安装扶起输出链轮163。如图6所示,所述传动链164的连接结构:在扶起框架11两侧及中部位置均设置有固定链轮17,传动链164套置扶起输出链轮163、经扶起框架11中部固定链轮,套置扶起框架两侧固定链轮,并依次套置滚轮轴上传动链轮13,相邻滚轮轴上的传动链轮13置于传动链两侧。As shown in Figure 4, the lifting transmission mechanism 16 includes a lifting transmission horizontal shaft 161, a lifting transmission vertical shaft 162, a lifting output sprocket 163 and a transmission chain 164. One end of the lifting transmission horizontal shaft 161 is connected to the crushing transmission The shaft 411 is arranged vertically on the same plane and is driven by bevel gear meshing. The other end of the lifting transmission horizontal shaft 161 is meshed with the lifting transmission vertical shaft 162 through bevel gear meshing. The lifting transmission vertical shaft 162 is perpendicular to the lifting transmission level. The lifting output sprocket 163 is installed at the end of the lifting transmission vertical shaft 162 on the plane where the axes of the shaft 161 and the crushing transmission shaft 411 are located. As shown in Figure 6, the connection structure of the transmission chain 164: fixed sprockets 17 are provided on both sides and in the middle of the lifting frame 11, and the transmission chain 164 is nested with the lifting output sprocket 163 and the lifting frame 11. The sprocket is fixed in the middle, and the fixed sprockets on both sides of the lifting frame are nested. The transmission sprockets 13 on the roller shaft are sequentially sleeved. The transmission sprockets 13 on the adjacent roller shafts are placed on both sides of the transmission chain.
本例中所述打刀14为十字打刀,即由四个刀片按照十字排布构成,刀刃置于同一方向;本例中的刀片为直型刀片,各滚轮上的打刀安装高度相同,距离地表14-16mm设置;所述滚轮12的内部为中空结构,节省材料,减轻重量;滚轮12最低处距离地面55mm,最高处距离地面255mm。The knife 14 described in this example is a cross knife, that is, it is composed of four blades arranged in a cross, and the blades are placed in the same direction; the blade in this example is a straight blade, and the knife installation height on each roller is the same. It is set 14-16mm away from the ground; the inside of the roller 12 is a hollow structure, saving materials and reducing weight; the lowest point of the roller 12 is 55mm from the ground, and the highest point is 255mm from the ground.
如图9所示,所述切割装置2包括动、静割刀组合及往复驱动装置,所述往复驱动装置包括切割连接轴73、上皮带轮23、下皮带轮24、齿轮轴28、轨道框架26、往复框架27,所述切割连接轴73连接变速箱7,切割连接轴73上安装有上皮带轮23,齿轮轴28与切割连接轴73平行,齿轮轴28一端连接下皮带轮24,上皮带轮23、下皮带轮24间连接传动带25,齿轮轴28另一端安装齿轮281,齿轮281与轨道框架26配合连接,轨道框架26置于往复框架27内,往复框架27靠近地面端连接动割刀的连接架29,带动动割刀21相对静割刀22往复运动,实现切割。As shown in Figure 9, the cutting device 2 includes a combination of dynamic and static cutting knives and a reciprocating driving device. The reciprocating driving device includes a cutting connecting shaft 73, an upper pulley 23, a lower pulley 24, a gear shaft 28, a track frame 26, Reciprocating frame 27, the cutting connecting shaft 73 is connected to the gearbox 7, the upper pulley 23 is installed on the cutting connecting shaft 73, the gear shaft 28 is parallel to the cutting connecting shaft 73, one end of the gear shaft 28 is connected to the lower pulley 24, the upper pulley 23 and the lower pulley 23 are connected to the gearbox 7. The drive belt 25 is connected between the pulleys 24, and the gear 281 is installed at the other end of the gear shaft 28. The gear 281 is cooperatively connected with the track frame 26. The track frame 26 is placed in the reciprocating frame 27. The reciprocating frame 27 is close to the ground end and is connected to the connecting frame 29 of the movable cutting knife. The movable cutting knife 21 is driven to reciprocate relative to the static cutting knife 22 to achieve cutting.
每个滚轮12对应1个定割刀。每一组两个滚轮接触的中心面与一组割刀对应;使得经滚轮12扶起的绿植经两滚轮12间隙输送至动、静割刀组合,通过动割刀21相对静割刀22往复运动,实现二次粉碎切割。Each roller 12 corresponds to one fixed cutting knife. The center surface of each group of two rollers in contact corresponds to a group of cutting knives; so that the green plants lifted by the rollers 12 are transported to the moving and static cutting knife combination through the gap between the two rollers 12, and the moving cutting knife 21 is relative to the static cutting knife 22 Reciprocating motion to achieve secondary crushing and cutting.
如图9-图11所示,所述轨道框架26包括安装板261及置于安装板261上的两弧形262板和条形板263,所述条形板263为两端为弧形的条形结构,其上均匀间隔设置多个圆柱杆264,相邻圆柱杆264的间距与齿轮轴28上的齿轮281轮齿相配合,保证齿轮281与圆柱杆264配合传动,两弧形板262对称置于条形板263的弧形面两端,与条形板263间形成弧形轨道265,连同条形板262两侧的直线轨道一起构成齿轮281的运行轨道;齿轮281上相对弧形轨道265端还带有与弧形轨道265配合连接的导向轴,在齿轮281转动时,轨道框架26上的运行轨道沿齿轮281运行。As shown in Figures 9-11, the track frame 26 includes a mounting plate 261 and two arc-shaped plates 262 and a strip plate 263 placed on the mounting plate 261. The strip plate 263 has arc-shaped ends at both ends. A bar-shaped structure has a plurality of cylindrical rods 264 evenly spaced on it. The spacing between adjacent cylindrical rods 264 matches the teeth of the gear 281 on the gear shaft 28 to ensure that the gear 281 and the cylindrical rod 264 cooperate in transmission. The two arc-shaped plates 262 Symmetrically placed on both ends of the arc surface of the strip plate 263, an arc track 265 is formed between the strip plate 263 and the straight track on both sides of the strip plate 262 to form the running track of the gear 281; the relative arc on the gear 281 The track 265 end also has a guide shaft that is matched with the arc track 265. When the gear 281 rotates, the running track on the track frame 26 runs along the gear 281.
所述切割连接轴73与齿轮轴28平行,其上安装有锥齿轮,与变速箱7内两输出轴端安装的锥齿轮啮合传动。所述动、静割刀组合为现有结构,包括多组动割刀21和静割刀22,多个动割刀21安装在动割刀的连接架29上,通过切割连接轴73转动,带动与其传动连接的齿轮轴28转动,与其上齿轮281配合连接的轨道框架26绕齿轮281运转,带动与其连接的往复框架27及连接架29相对静割刀22往复运动,完成切割作业。The cutting connecting shaft 73 is parallel to the gear shaft 28, and a bevel gear is installed on it, and meshes with the bevel gears installed on the two output shaft ends of the gearbox 7 for transmission. The combination of the moving and static cutting knives is an existing structure, including multiple sets of moving cutting knives 21 and static cutting knives 22. The plurality of moving cutting knives 21 are installed on the connecting frame 29 of the moving cutting knife and rotate through the cutting connecting shaft 73. The gear shaft 28 connected to the gear shaft 28 is driven to rotate, and the track frame 26 connected with the gear 281 rotates around the gear 281, driving the reciprocating frame 27 and the connecting frame 29 connected thereto to reciprocate relative to the static cutting knife 22 to complete the cutting operation.
如图12、图13所示,所述粉碎装置4为摇杆传动粉碎装置:包括多个由前压刀组件和后压刀组件构成的粉碎机构,相邻粉碎机构的前、后压刀组件的前后压刀402、401交错重叠设置,前、后压刀组件的主动滑盘404通过传动带408连接在粉碎传动轴411上,通过粉碎传动轴411连接传动装置的左传动箱72,与主动滑盘404同轴设置有从动滑盘403,主动滑盘404连接有前压刀402的摇杆一端,从动滑盘403连接后压刀401的摇杆一端,两摇杆406另一端分别连接前压刀402或后压刀401的摆臂405,摆臂405一端分别安装前压刀402或者后压刀401,另一端分别连接在安装于机架3的固定轴409端部。As shown in Figures 12 and 13, the crushing device 4 is a rocker drive crushing device: it includes a plurality of crushing mechanisms composed of a front pressing knife assembly and a rear pressing knife assembly. The front and rear pressing knife assemblies of adjacent crushing mechanisms The front and rear pressing knives 402 and 401 are arranged in a staggered and overlapping manner. The driving sliding disk 404 of the front and rear pressing knife assemblies is connected to the crushing transmission shaft 411 through the transmission belt 408. The left transmission box 72 of the transmission device is connected through the crushing transmission shaft 411 and is connected with the driving slide. The plate 404 is coaxially provided with a driven sliding plate 403. The active sliding plate 404 is connected to one end of the rocker of the front pressure knife 402. The driven sliding plate 403 is connected to one end of the rocker of the rear pressure knife 401. The other ends of the two rockers 406 are connected respectively. The swing arm 405 of the front pressing knife 402 or the rear pressing knife 401 has one end installed with the front pressing knife 402 or the rear pressing knife 401 respectively, and the other end of the swing arm 405 is connected to the end of the fixed shaft 409 installed on the frame 3 respectively.
如图12、图13所示,所述传动带408为皮带,粉碎传动轴411上安装有与左传动箱72啮合传动的齿轮,粉碎传动轴411上对应各主动滑盘44设置多个皮带轮410,主动滑盘44和皮带轮间通过皮带408连接;通过粉碎传动轴411转动,带动其上皮带轮410转动,通过皮带408带动主动滑盘404及从动滑盘403转动,进而带动与主动滑盘404、从动滑盘403连接的摇杆406转动,实现与摇杆406连接的摆臂405绕其固定轴409上下摆动,带动前、后压刀402、401上下摆动,实现切断粉碎的目的。在任意工位上,前压刀42和后压刀401的摇杆成180度设置。As shown in Figures 12 and 13, the transmission belt 408 is a belt. A gear that meshes with the left transmission box 72 is installed on the crushing transmission shaft 411. A plurality of pulleys 410 are provided on the crushing transmission shaft 411 corresponding to each driving slide plate 44. The driving sliding plate 44 and the pulley are connected by a belt 408; the rotation of the crushing transmission shaft 411 drives the upper pulley 410 to rotate, and the belt 408 drives the driving sliding plate 404 and the driven sliding plate 403 to rotate, thereby driving the driving sliding plate 404, The rocker 406 connected to the driven slide plate 403 rotates, so that the swing arm 405 connected to the rocker 406 swings up and down around its fixed axis 409, driving the front and rear pressure knives 402 and 401 to swing up and down to achieve the purpose of cutting and crushing. At any work station, the rockers of the front pressing knife 42 and the rear pressing knife 401 are set at 180 degrees.
如图14-15所示,所述翻土装置5包括两对称设置的带有导轨52的轨道板51、十字转动架53及多个翻土组件54,所述两轨道板51上通过转轴均连接有十字转动架53,在两十字转动架53之间的十字端头均连接有曲柄55,曲柄55上还设置有沿导轨52转动的滚轮541,每个曲柄55上均设置有多个翻土组件54,相邻曲柄55上的翻土组件54交错设置,十字转动架53转动同时带动曲柄55沿导轨52运转,带动其上的翻土组件54进行翻土动作。As shown in Figures 14-15, the soil plowing device 5 includes two symmetrically arranged track plates 51 with guide rails 52, a cross turret 53 and a plurality of soil plowing assemblies 54. The two track plates 51 are evenly spaced by rotating shafts. A cross turret 53 is connected, and a crank 55 is connected to the cross end between the two cross turrets 53. The crank 55 is also provided with a roller 541 that rotates along the guide rail 52. Each crank 55 is provided with a plurality of turning wheels. The soil components 54 and soil plowing assemblies 54 on adjacent cranks 55 are staggered. The cross turret 53 rotates and drives the crank 55 to run along the guide rail 52, driving the soil plowing components 54 on it to perform soil plowing action.
如图16-17所示,所述翻土组件54包括安装座542、连接臂543、固定外壳544、翻土铲548、复位机构,所述连接臂543一端连接安装座542,另一端通过弹性复位机构连接在翻土铲548的固定外壳544内,翻土铲548连接在固定外壳544的外端面,与固定外壳544间的安装角度α是90~95度,翻土铲548入土端宽度W为265~255mm,长度L为100~110mm。翻土装置5的翻土铲548入土深度约为60mm,覆土率约达到百分之八十以上。As shown in Figures 16-17, the tilling assembly 54 includes a mounting base 542, a connecting arm 543, a fixed shell 544, a tilling shovel 548, and a reset mechanism. One end of the connecting arm 543 is connected to the mounting base 542, and the other end is connected through an elastic The reset mechanism is connected in the fixed housing 544 of the tilling shovel 548. The tilling shovel 548 is connected to the outer end surface of the fixed housing 544. The installation angle α with the fixed housing 544 is 90 to 95 degrees. The width of the digging end of the tilling shovel 548 is W. It is 265~255mm, and the length L is 100~110mm. The earth-moving shovel 548 of the earth-moving device 5 is penetrated into the soil to a depth of about 60 mm, and the earth-covering rate is about 80% or more.
所述弹性复位机构包括定位杆546、复位弹簧545和固定螺母547,所述定位杆546一端连接在连接臂543端部,其上套装复位弹簧545置于固定外壳544内,定位杆546另一端伸出固定外壳544,通过固定螺母547固定连接。当翻土铲548在旋转过程中遇到石块或者树根时,复位弹簧545被压缩,翻土铲548回缩避开石块,防止翻土铲548刃口处崩裂,之后复位弹簧545复位,翻土铲548恢复到原来位置。The elastic reset mechanism includes a positioning rod 546, a return spring 545 and a fixed nut 547. One end of the positioning rod 546 is connected to the end of the connecting arm 543, and a reset spring 545 is placed on it and placed in the fixed shell 544. The other end of the positioning rod 546 The fixed shell 544 is stretched out and fixedly connected through the fixing nut 547. When the tilling shovel 548 encounters stones or tree roots during rotation, the return spring 545 is compressed, and the tilling shovel 548 retracts to avoid the stones to prevent the cutting edge of the tilling shovel 548 from cracking, and then the return spring 545 is reset. , the tiller 548 returns to its original position.
所述曲柄55截面为T型结构,T型结构顶部两端分别连接十字转动架53和沿导轨52转动的滚轮541,底部端连接有多个翻土组件54的安装座542;相邻两曲柄55上连接的安装座542交错设置,以保证翻土组件54翻土时不会遗漏所翻土壤。所述轨道板51上的导轨52为弧形轨道,在入土c、铲土b、扬土a工位的规定为半圆形,在扬土a至入土c之间的回复工位d为平直轨道,平直轨道与办圆形轨道间为弧形过渡;保证翻土组件54快速回位。The cross-section of the crank 55 is a T-shaped structure. The top two ends of the T-shaped structure are respectively connected to the cross turret 53 and the rollers 541 rotating along the guide rail 52. The bottom end is connected to the mounting seats 542 of multiple soil plowing assemblies 54; two adjacent cranks The mounting bases 542 connected to 55 are staggered to ensure that the turned soil will not be missed when the soil turning assembly 54 turns soil. The guide rail 52 on the track plate 51 is an arc-shaped track, and the positions of soil entry c, shovel b, and earth lifting a are semicircular, and the recovery position d between soil lifting a and soil entry c is flat. There is a straight track, and there is an arc transition between the straight track and the circular track; ensuring that the soil plowing assembly 54 returns quickly.
如图17、图18所示,本发明的传动装置包括变速箱7、右传动箱71、左传动箱72,所示变速箱7的两端输出轴分别连接左传动箱72和右传动箱71,通过右传动箱71连接翻转转轴56,通过左传动箱72连接粉碎传动轴411,粉碎传动轴411一端安装锥齿轮74,与扶起传动机构16的扶起传动水平轴161上的锥齿轮啮合传动,变速箱7的两端输出轴之间设置切割连接轴73,通过所述切割连接轴73连接切割装置2的动割刀连接架29。其中右传动箱71由皮带和设置在变速箱7输出轴和翻转转轴56上的皮带轮构成;左传动箱72由设置在变速箱7输出轴和粉碎传动轴411上的相互啮合的齿轮构成。As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the transmission device of the present invention includes a gearbox 7, a right gearbox 71, and a left gearbox 72. The output shafts at both ends of the gearbox 7 are respectively connected to the left gearbox 72 and the right gearbox 71. , the turning shaft 56 is connected through the right transmission box 71, and the crushing transmission shaft 411 is connected through the left transmission box 72. One end of the crushing transmission shaft 411 is installed with a bevel gear 74, which meshes with the bevel gear on the lifting transmission horizontal shaft 161 of the lifting transmission mechanism 16. Transmission, a cutting connecting shaft 73 is provided between the output shafts at both ends of the gearbox 7, and the moving cutting knife connecting frame 29 of the cutting device 2 is connected through the cutting connecting shaft 73. The right transmission box 71 is composed of a belt and a pulley arranged on the output shaft of the gearbox 7 and the turning shaft 56; the left transmission box 72 is composed of intermeshing gears arranged on the output shaft of the gearbox 7 and the crushing transmission shaft 411.
如图4所示,所述镇压装置8包括镇压轮87及刮土机构,所述刮土机构包括刮土板86、齿轮臂85、传动齿轮84、驱动齿轮83、手柄82及外壳81,所述镇压轮87通过安装架安装在机架后端,刮土板86两端通过齿轮臂85转动连接在镇压轮87的安装架上,齿轮臂85另一端部带有轮齿,与安装在机架3上的传动齿轮84啮合传动,传动齿轮84与安装在机架1上的驱动齿轮83啮合传动,驱动齿轮83上带有手柄81,通过摇动手柄81调整刮土板86与镇压轮87间的安装距离。在进行田间工作根据实际情况之前进行调整,在工作过程中,通过驱动齿轮83带动传动齿轮84转动,从而带动齿轮臂85上的轮齿与其啮合,使齿轮臂85随机器运转而摆动,带动与其连接的刮土板86相对镇压轮87微动,实现刮土作业。As shown in Figure 4, the suppression device 8 includes a suppression wheel 87 and a scraping mechanism. The scraping mechanism includes a scraping board 86, a gear arm 85, a transmission gear 84, a driving gear 83, a handle 82 and a housing 81. The suppression wheel 87 is installed at the rear end of the frame through a mounting bracket. Both ends of the moldboard 86 are rotationally connected to the mounting bracket of the suppression wheel 87 through a gear arm 85. The other end of the gear arm 85 has gear teeth and is mounted on the machine. The transmission gear 84 on the frame 3 meshes and transmits. The transmission gear 84 meshes with the drive gear 83 installed on the frame 1. The drive gear 83 has a handle 81. The distance between the moldboard 86 and the suppression wheel 87 is adjusted by shaking the handle 81. installation distance. Make adjustments according to actual conditions before performing field work. During the work, the driving gear 83 drives the transmission gear 84 to rotate, thereby driving the gear teeth on the gear arm 85 to engage with it, causing the gear arm 85 to swing with the operation of the machine, driving it to The connected scraping board 86 moves slightly relative to the suppressing wheel 87 to implement the scraping operation.
本发明的工作过程:Working process of the present invention:
本发明在工作时,由牵引机连接悬挂架6,牵引机动力连接传动箱7,所述传动箱7由两对称设置的锥齿轮及连接在切割连接轴73上并与两对称锥齿轮啮合传动的锥齿轮构成,通过传动箱7传动,分别带动左传动箱71、右传动箱72及切割连接轴73传动,带动与左传动箱71连接的扶起传动机构16、与右传动箱72连接的翻转转轴56、及与切割连接轴73连接的往复驱动装置运动,使扶起装置的滚轮12转动,滚轮轴上的打刀14工作,完成一次切割;往复驱动装置的运行轨道沿齿轮轴28上的齿轮281转动,带动与其连接的往复框架27及与其固定的动割刀连接架29、动割刀21相对静割刀22往复运动,经滚轮12输送至切割装置2的绿植,由动割刀21和静割刀22实现二次切割粉碎;粉碎传动轴411上安装有置于左传动箱71内的齿轮,与传动箱7输出轴上安装的齿轮相啮合,变速箱7转动,带动粉碎传动轴411转动,从而带动与其传动连接的主动滑盘44、从动滑盘43及其上的摇杆转动,带动与摇杆连接的摆臂上连接的前压刀42和后压刀41交替工作,实现三次粉碎;前、后压刀在水平方向重叠设置,防止漏切绿植。通过右传动箱72带动翻土转轴56转动,带动与轨道板51配合连接的十字转动架53转动,从而带动十字转动架53上的曲柄55上安装的多个翻土组件54进行翻土动作,在翻土的同时,对绿植进行四次粉碎切断,实现“多道粉碎”的效果,可有效的使粉碎后的绿肥和土壤混合。When the invention is working, the traction machine is connected to the suspension frame 6, and the traction machine power is connected to the transmission box 7. The transmission box 7 is composed of two symmetrically arranged bevel gears and is connected to the cutting connecting shaft 73 and meshes with the two symmetrical bevel gears for transmission. It is composed of bevel gears and is driven through the transmission box 7 to drive the left transmission box 71, the right transmission box 72 and the cutting connecting shaft 73 respectively, and drive the lifting transmission mechanism 16 connected to the left transmission box 71 and the lifting transmission mechanism 16 connected to the right transmission box 72. The turning shaft 56 and the reciprocating drive device connected to the cutting connection shaft 73 move to rotate the roller 12 of the lifting device, and the knife 14 on the roller shaft works to complete one cutting; the running track of the reciprocating drive device is along the gear shaft 28 The gear 281 rotates, driving the reciprocating frame 27 connected thereto and the fixed moving cutting knife connecting frame 29. The moving cutting knife 21 reciprocates relative to the static cutting knife 22, and the green plants transported to the cutting device 2 through the roller 12 are cut by the moving cutting knife. The knife 21 and the static cutting knife 22 realize secondary cutting and crushing; the crushing transmission shaft 411 is equipped with a gear placed in the left transmission box 71, which meshes with the gear installed on the output shaft of the transmission box 7, and the gearbox 7 rotates to drive the crushing The transmission shaft 411 rotates, thereby driving the driving sliding plate 44, the driven sliding plate 43 and the rocker on it to rotate, driving the front pressure knife 42 and the rear pressure knife 41 connected to the swing arm connected to the rocker to alternate work to achieve three crushings; the front and rear pressure knives are overlapped in the horizontal direction to prevent missed cutting of green plants. The right transmission box 72 drives the turning shaft 56 to rotate, which drives the cross turret 53 that is connected to the track plate 51 to rotate, thereby driving a plurality of soil turning assemblies 54 installed on the crank 55 on the cross turret 53 to perform soil turning. While plowing the soil, the green plants are crushed and cut four times to achieve a "multi-pass crushing" effect, which can effectively mix the crushed green manure with the soil.
实施例2:本例与实施例1不同的是:本例的扶起装置1安装的打刀14的刀片为弧形弯刀片141,每组滚轮上的打刀对称,上下交错设置,距离地表13-16mm,伸出工作前端的打刀刀片的刀刃相对设置,在滚轮转动时,所述两滚轮上伸出工作前端的打刀刀片相向转动。Embodiment 2: The difference between this example and Embodiment 1 is that the blade of the knife 14 installed in the lifting device 1 of this example is an arc-shaped curved blade 141. The knife blades on each set of rollers are symmetrical and staggered up and down, with a distance of 13-16mm, the blades of the cutting blades extending out of the working front ends are arranged oppositely, and when the rollers rotate, the cutting blades extending out of the working front ends on the two rollers rotate toward each other.
如图18所示,所述弧形弯刀片141的弧形长度L1为34-36mm;弯刀片141的整体长度L2为43-46mm。所述弧形弯刀片141结构类似镰刀,可以实现勾草的作用、加速切断植物茎秆的速度。滚轮中空可以减少链传动的损耗,防止因为滚轮过重弹性滑块无法工作。As shown in Figure 18, the arc length L1 of the arc-shaped curved blade 141 is 34-36 mm; the overall length L2 of the curved blade 141 is 43-46 mm. The arc-shaped curved blade 141 has a structure similar to a sickle, and can achieve the function of hooking grass and speeding up the cutting of plant stems. The hollow roller can reduce the loss of the chain drive and prevent the elastic slider from failing to work due to the excessive weight of the roller.
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