CN108931579B - Portable ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detection system - Google Patents
Portable ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detection system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108931579B CN108931579B CN201810510012.7A CN201810510012A CN108931579B CN 108931579 B CN108931579 B CN 108931579B CN 201810510012 A CN201810510012 A CN 201810510012A CN 108931579 B CN108931579 B CN 108931579B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/069—Defect imaging, localisation and sizing using, e.g. time of flight diffraction [TOFD], synthetic aperture focusing technique [SAFT], Amplituden-Laufzeit-Ortskurven [ALOK] technique
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2456—Focusing probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
- G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/269—Various geometry objects
- G01N2291/2691—Bolts, screws, heads
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a portable ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detection system, which comprises an ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector and a bolt probe, wherein a bolt to be detected comprises a screw rod and a bolt end part, and is characterized in that: the ultrasonic guided wave bolt detector comprises a computer, a signal acquisition module and a display module, wherein the bolt probe is arranged at the end part of a bolt fastener to be detected and is used for leading out a lead, and the lead is connected with the ultrasonic guided wave bolt detector. The ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector is matched with the bolt probe, combines the ultrasonic phased array technology and the piezoelectric guided wave technology, and generates cylindrical guided wave signals inside the bolt fastener to be detected for imaging detection. The invention can realize one-time, rapid and high-efficiency detection imaging of the whole structure of the in-service bolt fastener through one-point detection, comprises an A-scan image, a B-scan image and a 3D defect model establishment, and can also position and store data of internal defects of the bolt fastener.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a bolt defect detection instrument, in particular to a one-time real-time imaging detection device capable of detecting defects of in-service long-rod bolt fasteners. Belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic nondestructive testing.
Background
The bolt is one of standard fittings in industrial equipment, is used as a connecting piece of various equipment, has the advantages of simple construction, good stress performance, detachability, fatigue resistance, no loosening under the action of dynamic load and the like, and can work under various severe working conditions such as complex stress, high temperature and high pressure, periodic vibration and the like, and fatigue cracks are easy to generate. To ensure industrial safety, we must discover the crack defects as early as possible for timely replacement. Therefore, how to detect smaller crack defects, and find defects faster and more conveniently is always a key difficulty in bolt detection.
For ultrasonic detection of bolts, the current mainstream of detection adopts a conventional straight probe and a small-angle longitudinal wave oblique probe for detection. The detection of defects such as cracks in the bolts is generally carried out by adopting two combinations of a longitudinal wave probe, a refraction angle of 8.5 degrees or a transverse wave probe and a K value of 1.7, wherein the probe needs to be replaced back and forth in the detection process, the detection process is tedious, the time consumption is long, and a mature special detector for the cracks of the bolts is not seen in the market.
The conventional ultrasonic detection equipment displays a waveform signal which contains a large number of structural echoes, defect echoes and noise signals when detecting the inside of a bolt fastener, and the judgment of the detection result depends on the long-term working experience of a detector greatly, so that a more visual and effective detection result display mode is not provided.
The conventional ultrasonic detection equipment generally needs 360-degree rotation or back and forth movement of the ultrasonic probe to complete 100% circumferential detection when detecting the interior of the bolt fastener, and the operation method of the detection technology reduces the detection efficiency and greatly increases the detection period.
The number of the bolt fasteners is huge, the number of the bolt fasteners to be detected in one detection period can be thousands, and the detection mode of direct longitudinal wave by adopting the traditional ultrasonic single probe is low in efficiency, so that the safety evaluation is often carried out by adopting a sampling detection mode, and the potential safety hazard of the bolts can not be comprehensively and effectively controlled.
Most geometric shapes of the bolt fastener are of slender structures, and side wall interference effects are strong when ultrasonic single-probe direct longitudinal wave detection is adopted, so that sensitivity is reduced, detection omission and other conditions are easy to occur, and potential safety hazards are caused.
Only one end face of the in-service bolt such as a fan blade, a buried anchor rod and the like is exposed outside, and when the in-service bolt is detected by a conventional ultrasonic detection method, the sensitivity of the detection result of the other end buried inside is low. The use safety of the whole bolt fastener cannot be effectively evaluated.
At present, the length of a bolt fastener used in work can reach 1200mm, and when the existing conventional ultrasonic detection means detects at one end of a service bolt, the ultrasonic energy is easy to generate great attenuation and cannot be effectively detected.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a portable ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detection system which is based on the combination of an ultrasonic phased array technology capable of controlling the focusing distance and an ultrasonic guided wave detection technology capable of covering the whole waveguide structure at one time and is used for realizing one-time detection imaging of in-service bolt fasteners with different specifications.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Portable ultrasonic wave guided wave phased array bolt detecting system, including ultrasonic wave guided wave phased array bolt detector, bolt probe, the bolt that awaits measuring includes screw rod and bolt end, its characterized in that: the ultrasonic guided wave bolt detector comprises a computer, a signal acquisition module and a display module, wherein the bolt probe is arranged at the end part of a bolt fastener to be detected and is used for leading out a lead, and the lead is connected with the ultrasonic guided wave bolt detector.
The bolt to be tested is a bolt fastener; and the dimensional specification of the bolt fastener should meet the requirement of propagating guided waves.
The bolt probe is a one-dimensional annular array phased array probe, and the wafers are circumferentially arranged to form an annular array.
The number of wafers of the bolt probe is 64. By establishing a proper focusing rule, 360-degree detection in the circumferential direction can be realized on the premise of not moving the probe.
The display module comprises a 24-bit true color display screen, a USB and an Ethernet interface and is used for displaying and outputting detection results.
A set of focusing rule for detecting the bolt fastening piece is built in a computer of the ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector, 64 wafers of the bolt probe are numbered 1-64 in sequence, each 8 wafers are divided into a group for sequentially exciting ultrasonic waves, after the 1-8 wafers begin exciting ultrasonic waves, the 2-9 wafers are excited into a group, and the like, ultrasonic signals are circularly transmitted in the circumferential direction, so that the focusing rule controls the ultrasonic signals to cover 360 degrees in the circumferential direction of the bolt fastening piece and form cylindrical guided wave signals on the premise that the bolt probe does not need to be moved or rotated; the cylindrical surface guided wave signal has long propagation distance in the bolt fastener, and can cover the whole structure of the bolt fastener by 100%, thereby achieving the purpose of one-time full detection. If internal defects are encountered in the cylindrical guided wave signal in the propagation process, defect echoes are generated, and the cylindrical guided wave signal is received by a bolt probe and transmitted to a computer through a signal acquisition module; the computer calculates and forms an A-scan image according to the excitation time of ultrasonic waves, the receiving time of the defect echo and the sound pressure amplitude of the defect echo; combining the position relation of the wafers with corresponding numbers, which emit ultrasonic waves and receive defect echoes, in the bolt probe to form a B-scan image, and the B-scan image is visual and clear; and then, establishing a model by combining the selected bolt specifications to form a 3D defect model.
The whole portable ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detection system is simple to operate and light in weight, and can meet the detection requirement of a single portable bolt fastener.
Compared with the existing bolt fastener detection technology, the ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector provided by the invention is matched with the bolt probe, combines the ultrasonic phased array technology and the piezoelectric guided wave technology, can generate cylindrical guided wave signals inside the bolt fastener to be detected, and performs data processing according to defect echo signals generated when the cylindrical guided wave signals propagate inside the bolt fastener to be detected, so as to form a B-scan image and a 3D model, and retains related A-scan signals. According to the detection imaging result, the on-line real-time imaging detection of the in-service bolt fastener, particularly the long rod bolt fastener can be realized at one time, and further positioning and analysis can be carried out on defects. The internal defects of the bolt fastener can be positioned and data can be stored.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wafer arrangement of bolting probe heads according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of an ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structure of the ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector and the bolt probe is existing.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the invention comprises an ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector and a bolt probe, and a bolt to be detected comprises a screw rod and a bolt end part, and is characterized in that: the ultrasonic guided wave bolt detector comprises a computer, a signal acquisition module and a display module, as shown in fig. 3, the bolt probe is arranged at the end part of a bolt of the bolt fastener to be detected, a lead is led out, and the led-out lead is connected with the ultrasonic guided wave bolt detector. The bolt probe is a one-dimensional annular array phased array probe, and the wafers are circumferentially arranged to form an annular array. The number of wafers of the bolt probe is 64. By establishing a proper focusing rule, 360-degree detection in the circumferential direction can be realized on the premise of not moving the probe. The display module comprises a 24-bit true color display screen, a USB and an Ethernet interface and is used for displaying and outputting detection results.
A bolt fastener was prepared, comprising a manual cut, which was a line-cut groove having a depth of 0.5-1mm, and was 200mm from the detection end face.
The diameter and the overall length of the detection end face of the bolt fastener are measured. And selecting a corresponding matched one-dimensional annular array phased array bolt probe according to the diameter of the bolt fastener to be tested. It should be noted that the diameter of the selected probe is slightly smaller than the diameter of the detection end face of the bolt to be detected by 1-2mm, and the detection effect can be optimized on the premise.
Debugging an ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector: firstly, adjusting the detection range of an instrument according to the length of the bolt fastener to be detected, wherein the detection range is 30-50mm longer than the length of the bolt fastener. Second, the digital gain of the instrument is adjusted to 18dB and the gain value is adjusted to 40-50dB.
And uniformly smearing an ultrasonic coupling agent on the detection end surface of the bolt fastener, placing a one-dimensional annular array phased array bolt probe on the detection end surface of the bolt fastener coated with the coupling agent, and pressing the probe to ensure that the coupling is good.
A set of focusing rule for detecting the bolt fastening piece is built in a computer of the ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector, 64 wafers of the bolt probe are numbered 1-64 in sequence, each 8 wafers are divided into a group for sequentially exciting ultrasonic waves, after the 1-8 wafers begin exciting ultrasonic waves, the 2-9 wafers are excited into a group, and the like, ultrasonic signals are circularly transmitted in the circumferential direction, so that the focusing rule controls the ultrasonic signals to cover 360 degrees in the circumferential direction of the bolt fastening piece and form cylindrical guided wave signals on the premise that the bolt probe does not need to be moved or rotated; the cylindrical surface guided wave signal has long propagation distance in the bolt fastener, and can cover the whole structure of the bolt fastener by 100%, thereby achieving the purpose of one-time full detection. If internal defects are encountered in the cylindrical guided wave signal in the propagation process, defect echoes are generated, and the cylindrical guided wave signal is received by a bolt probe and transmitted to a computer through a signal acquisition module; the computer calculates and forms an A-scan image according to the excitation time of ultrasonic waves, the receiving time of the defect echo and the sound pressure amplitude of the defect echo; combining the position relation of the wafers with corresponding numbers, which emit ultrasonic waves and receive defect echoes, in the bolt probe to form a B-scan image, and the B-scan image is visual and clear; and then, establishing a model by combining the selected bolt specifications to form a 3D defect model. The whole portable ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detection system is simple to operate and light in weight, and can meet the detection requirement of a single portable bolt fastener.
Because the initial wave signal formed by exciting ultrasonic waves and the bottom wave signal formed at the bottom of the bolt fastener are inherent waveforms, whether an abnormal signal exists or not can be judged by observing the area between the initial wave and the echo signal at the bottom of the bolt fastener on the B-scan image of the ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector screen. If no abnormal signal exists, the detection result shows that the bolt fastener is qualified; if the abnormal signal exists, the position and related parameters of the defect are determined by moving the corresponding A-scan signal displayed by the instrument data analysis line.
After the detection is finished, the dynamic map and related parameters are saved, and a detection report is automatically generated.
Claims (2)
1. Portable ultrasonic wave guided wave phased array bolt detecting system, including ultrasonic wave guided wave phased array bolt detector, bolt probe, the bolt that awaits measuring includes screw rod and bolt end, its characterized in that: the ultrasonic guided wave bolt detector comprises a computer, a signal acquisition module and a display module, wherein the bolt probe is arranged at the end part of a bolt fastener to be detected and is used for leading out a lead, and the lead is connected with the ultrasonic guided wave bolt detector;
The bolt to be tested is a bolt fastener; the size specification of the bolt fastener meets the requirement of propagating guided waves;
The bolt probe is a one-dimensional annular array phased array probe, and the wafers are circumferentially arranged to form an annular array;
the number of wafers of the bolt probes is 64; by establishing a proper focusing rule, 360-degree detection in the circumferential direction can be realized on the premise of not moving the probe;
A set of focusing rule for detecting the bolt fastening piece is built in a computer of the ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detector, 64 wafers of the bolt probe are numbered 1-64 in sequence, each 8 wafers are divided into a group for sequentially exciting ultrasonic waves, after the 1-8 wafers begin exciting ultrasonic waves, the 2-9 wafers are excited into a group, and the like, ultrasonic signals are circularly transmitted in the circumferential direction, so that the focusing rule controls the ultrasonic signals to cover 360 degrees in the circumferential direction of the bolt fastening piece and form cylindrical guided wave signals on the premise that the bolt probe does not need to be moved or rotated; the cylindrical surface guided wave signal has long propagation distance in the bolt fastener, and can cover the whole structure of the bolt fastener by 100%, so that the purpose of one-time full detection is achieved; if internal defects are encountered in the cylindrical guided wave signal in the propagation process, defect echoes are generated, and the cylindrical guided wave signal is received by a bolt probe and transmitted to a computer through a signal acquisition module; the computer calculates and forms an A-scan image according to the excitation time of ultrasonic waves, the receiving time of the defect echo and the sound pressure amplitude of the defect echo; combining the position relation of the wafers with corresponding numbers, which emit ultrasonic waves and receive defect echoes, in the bolt probe to form a B-scan image, and the B-scan image is visual and clear; and then, establishing a model by combining the selected bolt specifications to form a 3D defect model.
2. The portable ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detection system of claim 1, wherein: the display module comprises a 24-bit true color display screen, a USB and an Ethernet interface and is used for displaying and outputting detection results.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810510012.7A CN108931579B (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2018-05-24 | Portable ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detection system |
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| CN201810510012.7A CN108931579B (en) | 2018-05-24 | 2018-05-24 | Portable ultrasonic guided wave phased array bolt detection system |
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| CN108931579A CN108931579A (en) | 2018-12-04 |
| CN108931579B true CN108931579B (en) | 2024-07-19 |
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