CN108904482B - 苯丙酮酸在制备免疫增强剂中的应用 - Google Patents
苯丙酮酸在制备免疫增强剂中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了苯丙酮酸在制备免疫增强剂中的应用。本发明提供了苯丙酮酸或其药学上可接受的盐、或苯丙酮酸的前药在制备免疫增强剂,或者在制备增强巨噬细胞吞噬能力和/或促进淋巴细胞增殖的产品,或者在制备促进伤口愈合的产品中的新应用。本发明发现,将苯丙酮酸加入小鼠普通日粮中能够显著提高小鼠的免疫力水平,促进伤口愈合,而且苯丙酮酸添加量较少,可以直接加入动物饮用水、饲料、药品中,具有安全、有效、不会引起毒副作用等优点,可用于免疫功能低下患者;可作为免疫佐剂应用于治疗性疫苗;可作为免疫增强剂应用于伤口愈合、免疫缺陷等治疗,为开发苯丙酮酸作为免疫佐剂提供了依据,具有良好的推广应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域。更具体地,涉及苯丙酮酸在制备免疫增强剂中的应用。
背景技术
机体的免疫力是人体防御病原入侵和疾病的重要能力。作为健康防线的免疫系统如果受损,可能会造成免疫力低下,导致人体易被病原感染,易患各种慢性病或癌症、智力障碍、窗口愈合速度降低,甚至加速衰老过程。近些年来,随着经济全球化进程的加剧,人类的生活节奏不断加快,由于长时间疲劳工作、心理压力增大、生活不规律等因素,最终导致免疫力低下的人群数量呈逐年上升的趋势。2015年中国健康大数据显示,中国一年用于心脑血管疾病的治疗费用达到3000亿元人民币;在2005年~2015年因疾病而导致生产力丧失造成的经济损失高达5500亿美元;除此以外,值得注意的是,慢性病患病率在2013年已达20%,死亡数已占总死亡数的83%。这就提示我们,中国的健康问题正在转型,大量慢性疾病开始成为导致死亡的主要原因。据世界卫生组织调查显示,全球有50%的人处于免疫力低下状态。因此,增强人体免疫力成为改善人类健康的重要问题之一。
为了减少免疫力低下带来的伤害,专业的治疗显得尤为重要。近年来的统计发现,现有市面上提高免疫力的药物各有利弊,难以统一(如表1所示)。
表1免疫增强剂的种类和评价
在这种背景下,以保证提高免疫力效果的同时能有效维护机体的正常代谢,改善机体病况为目的,开发内源性营养素作为免疫增强剂以替代药物是目前的研究方向之一。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现主流市场提高免疫力水平药物的不良作用,提供苯丙酮酸作为免疫增强剂的新用途,在拓宽苯丙酮酸的应用范围的同时,为将苯丙酮酸应用于临床免疫治疗领域提供参考。
本发明的目的是提供苯丙酮酸或其药学上可接受的盐、或苯丙酮酸的前药在制备免疫增强剂中的应用。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明涉及了苯丙酮酸或其药学上可接受的盐、或苯丙酮酸的前药在制备免疫增强剂中的应用。
本发明发现,将苯丙酮酸加入小鼠维持日粮中,能促进淋巴细胞增殖,刺激淋巴细胞转化,能够显著提高小鼠的免疫力水平,促进伤口愈合,同时能够有效维护机体的正常代谢,对机体无损伤,不会引起不良副反应,可用于癌症、艾滋病、免疫缺陷症或衰老等免疫功能低下患者;可作为免疫佐剂应用于治疗性疫苗;可作为免疫增强剂应用于伤口愈合、免疫缺陷等治疗,为开发苯丙酮酸作为免疫佐剂提供了依据。
本发明还涉及了苯丙酮酸或其药学上可接受的盐、或苯丙酮酸的前药在制备增强巨噬细胞吞噬能力和/或促进淋巴细胞增殖的产品中的应用。
本发明还涉及了苯丙酮酸或其药学上可接受的盐、或苯丙酮酸的前药在制备促进伤口愈合的产品中的应用。
本发明中的苯丙酮酸或其药学上可接受的盐或苯丙酮酸的前药可直接通过市场购得,或者利用市售原料,通过现有技术中传统的化合物合成方法合成获得。本领域的普通技术人员根据现有公知技术可以合成本发明的苯丙酮酸。合成的苯丙酮酸可以进一步通过柱色谱法、高效液相色谱法或结晶等方式进一步纯化。
其中,所述的苯丙酮酸药学上可接受的盐为具有生理学上,尤其在作为药物施加至人类和/或哺乳动物时可接受的盐;包括苯丙酮酸与有机盐或无机盐加成反应得到的盐。
优选地,所述苯丙酮酸药学上可接受的盐包括但不限于碱金属盐、铵盐等。
所述苯丙酮酸的前药通常指一种物质,当用适当的方法施用后,可在受试者体内进行代谢或化学反应而转变成苯丙酮酸或其盐。
优选地,应用对象包括但不限于人类等动物。
优选地,所述的产品为药物。
优选地,苯丙酮酸或其药学上可接受的盐或前药可作为营养元素直接添加到药物中;也可以与其他物质复配后添加到药物中。
本发明还涉及了一种增强机体免疫力的药物组合物,包含治疗有效量的苯丙酮酸或其药学上可接受的盐或苯丙酮酸的前药。
优选地,所述药物组合物还含有药学上可接受的载体或辅料。
其中,所述的药学上可接受的载体或辅料不会破坏本发明的苯丙酮酸的药学活性,通常被保健专家认可用于这一目的且作为药剂的非活性成分。
所述的药学上可接受的载体或辅料包括但不限于:软磷脂、硬脂酸铝、氧化铝、离子交换材料、吐温或其他表面活化剂、血清蛋白、缓冲物质如磷酸盐、氨基乙酸、山梨酸、水、盐、电解质如硫酸盐精蛋白、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢钾、氯化钠、锌盐、硅酸镁、饱和脂肪酸部分甘油酯混合物等。
其他常用的药物辅料如粘合剂(如微晶纤维素)、填充剂(如淀粉、葡萄糖、乳糖和乳糖珠粒)、崩解剂(如交联PVP、交联羧甲基淀粉钠、交联羧甲基纤维素钠、低取代羟丙基纤维素)、润滑剂(如硬脂酸镁)以及吸收促进剂、吸附载体、香味剂、甜味剂、赋形剂、稀释剂、润湿剂等。
优选地,本发明的苯丙酮酸以及其药物组合物可以根据实际需要制作成片剂、胶囊剂、丸剂、散剂、颗粒剂、糖浆剂、溶液剂、注射剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂或贴剂。
苯丙酮酸及其药物组合物可按本领域常规方法制备,并可以通过经胃肠道给药或非经胃肠道给药途径给药。
优选地,所述的非经胃肠道给药途径选择注射给药、呼吸道给药、皮肤给药、粘膜给药或腔道给药。
其中,非经胃肠道给药药剂可以选择注射剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂、贴剂等;经胃肠道给药制剂可以选择片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、颗粒剂、丸剂、溶液剂或糖浆剂等。
苯丙酮酸及其药物组合物的给药途径可以为口服、舌下、经肌肉或皮下、静脉、尿道、阴道等。
本发明还涉及了苯丙酮酸作为免疫增强剂在制备动物饲料添加剂中的应用。
优选地,所述苯丙酮酸作为内源性营养素添加于动物饲料中。
本发明所述的免疫增强剂中,所述苯丙酮酸为免疫增强剂的活性成分,即可以作为唯一的活性成分,也可以作为活性成分之一。
优选地,所述的免疫增强剂由苯丙酮酸和辅料组成。
优选地,所述的免疫增强剂中苯丙酮酸的重量百分含量为0.1%~99.9%,进一步优选为0.1%~50%,更进一步优选为0.1%~10%,最优选为0.1%~5%,具体可根据需要包含治疗有效量的苯丙酮酸及一种或多种药学上可接受的辅料。
作为一种优选的方案,所述的免疫增强剂中苯丙酮酸的重量百分含量为2%~9%。
本发明化合物的使用量可根据用药途径、患者年龄、体重、所治疗的疾病种类调整,可以一次或多次使用。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明通过动物实验发现,苯丙酮酸具有免疫增强活性,促进伤口愈合,且无不良毒副作用,在动物饲料中添加少量苯丙酮酸即能明显增强小鼠的免疫力水平。本发明为将苯丙酮酸开发作为免疫佐剂提供了依据,另一方面也解决了现有提高免疫力药物存在不良影响及副作用的问题。
苯丙酮酸作为动物机体代谢中间产物,安全且易获取,添加量较少,可以直接加入动物饮用水、饲料、药品中,发挥的生理活性高,具有安全、方便、有效等优点,在免疫增强作用或免疫调节作用方面具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响。
图2是普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖的影响。
图3是普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠伤口愈合能力的影响。
图4是普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠血常规和脏器指数的影响。
图5是普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠采食量和体增重的影响。
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图和具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
除非特别说明,以下实施例所用试剂和材料均为市购。
实施例1普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力的影响
1、实验方法
为研究苯丙酮酸对小鼠免疫机能的影响,试验以C57BL/6J雄性小鼠为研究对象,分为3个组(1个对照组和2个处理组),单笼饲养,重复数为8,分别用添加0%(对照组)、0.2%和0.4%苯丙酮酸的普通日粮饲喂小鼠,6周后进行小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞体外吞噬大肠杆菌试验。具体步骤包括:
(1)采集小鼠原代腹腔巨噬细胞:用酒精棉擦拭操作台和移液枪等,防止杂菌污染。过滤加有5%血清的HBSS(Hank's Balanced Salt Solution,即Hank’s平衡盐溶液)溶液备用,小鼠断颈法处死,用10mL注射器吸取3mL上述HBSS溶液注入一只小鼠腹腔中,按揉小鼠10min后,用10mL注射器吸取小鼠腹腔液体10mL,其余小鼠同样做此处理。过滤网过滤小鼠腹腔液体后转入15mL离心管,1500rpm离心8min,弃上层清液,加入HBSS(含血清)溶液2mL吹开沉淀物,重复离心一次。离心后弃上清液并加入无血清HBSS溶液轻轻吹打后转移到24孔板并置于37℃培养箱中孵育过夜。
(2)配制荧光标记大肠杆菌:取碳酸盐溶液10mL并加入0.002g FITC(异硫氰酸荧光素)配制成FITC溶液,将FITC溶液转入15mL离心管中并用锡箔纸包裹。用无血清HBSS溶液洗大肠杆菌2次,再加入2mL碳酸盐溶液吹打均匀,完成上述步骤,将其置于离心机中3000rpm/min离心5min,离心后弃上清液,加HBSS溶液清洗,然后加HBSS溶液吹打均匀再重复上述离心、清洗、吹打操作,再次离心。离心后弃上清液,加入浓度为0.02mg/mL的FITC溶液200μL,避光吹打均匀后放入37℃孵育箱中孵育15min。15min后将其放入离心机中,3000rpm/min离心5min,取出并弃上清液,再加入无血清HBSS溶液清洗,重复离心和弃上清,最后重新加入1mL HBSS溶液混合均匀备用。
(3)巨噬细胞吞噬荧光标记的大肠杆菌:取出含孵育巨噬细胞培养液的24孔板,用HBSS(含血清)避光换液,然后加入300μL HBSS(含血清)和200μL FITC溶液(内含大肠杆菌),锡箔纸避光,随后放入培养箱中摇床上,以缓慢速度轻摇,孵育30分钟。用荧光显微镜NIS软件试测大肠杆菌被荧光标记的情况。
2、结果
如图1所示,与对照组相比,普通日粮添加0.4%PPA(3-Phenylpyruvic acid,苯丙酮酸)饲喂的小鼠其腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬大肠杆菌数量显著增加,普通日粮添加0.2%PPA饲喂的小鼠次之。试验表明,少量苯丙酮酸即可增强小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力,表明苯丙酮酸表现为较明显的免疫增强活性。
实施例2普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖的影响
1、实验方法
为进一步深入研究苯丙酮酸对小鼠免疫机能的影响,试验以C57BL/6J雄性小鼠为研究对象,分为3个组(对照组和2个处理组),单笼饲养,重复数为8,分别用添加0%(对照组)、0.1%和0.2%苯丙酮酸的普通日粮饲喂小鼠,6周后进行脾脏淋巴细胞增殖试验。具体步骤包括:
(1)将小鼠断颈法处死后,置于新洁尔灭溶液中浸泡至湿透后取出,解剖小鼠分离脾脏并转移至盛有少量Hanks溶液的小烧杯内洗涤2~3次,再置于平皿内的细胞筛上,用研磨棒将脾脏在刚好与网面相平的Hanks溶液中充分碾碎,吹打均匀后用滴管将过筛的悬液吸到离心管中,将离心管置于离心机以1500rpm离心10min,弃上清液后用Hanks溶液重悬,离心、弃上清和重悬操作重复一到两次。另取离心管加入3mL淋巴分层液,缓慢将重悬后的混合液转移到新离心管的淋巴分层液上方,切记勿混匀。再次放入离心机中以3000rpm离心20min。离心完成后用滴管吸取中层云雾状淋巴细胞并转移到新离心管中,加5mL含血清的1640培养基并吹打均匀。
(2)在干净的载玻片上滴两滴细胞悬液,在其旁边滴2滴台盼蓝溶液,用牙签搅拌均匀后,用显微镜检活,将计数板和载玻片擦干净盖好,滴2滴悬浮液到计数室,显微镜下计数。
(3)根据计数结果,计算培养用量,稀释后重新计数并定量,随后用1640培养基+血清与PHA(植物凝集素)混合制成母液,按计算需求加入24孔板与上述采集的原代脾脏淋巴细胞液混合。置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养48h,计数(取l g值进行统计,细胞增殖率=(Lg48 h细胞数-Lg原始细胞数)/Lg原始细胞数)。
2、结果
如图2所示,与对照组相比,48h后普通日粮添加0.1%PPA和0.2%PPA饲喂的小鼠其脾脏淋巴细胞增殖显著。试验表明,0.1%PPA和0.2%苯丙酮酸均可促进小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增殖,表明苯丙酮酸表现为较明显的免疫增强活性。
实施例3普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠伤口愈合能力的影响
1、本试验通过研究苯丙酮酸对小鼠尾部伤口愈合的影响,来说明苯丙酮酸对免疫机能情况的改变。具体的测试方法为:
(1)试验以C57BL/6J雄性小鼠为研究对象,分为3个组(对照组和2个处理组),单笼饲养,重复数为8,分别用添加0%(对照组)、0.2%和0.4%苯丙酮酸的普通日粮饲喂小鼠。
(2)减去2个处理组和对照组的小鼠离尾尖1mm的组织,为了保证每只小鼠尾尖的创面尽最大可能的相似,剪刀口与切面垂直进行剪切形成切伤口,且创口形成后用碘酒和酒精消毒。记录不同处理组小鼠伤口痊愈的时间和观察不同处理组小鼠痂口的形态。
2、结果
如图3所示,与对照组相比,普通日粮分别添加0.4%和0.2%苯丙酮酸均能显著缩短小鼠伤口愈合的时间,而且创面的愈合程度显著得到改善。免疫力的增强与体内蛋白质的合成加快和其降解抑制有关,而伤口愈合过程也需要蛋白质等物质参与,故苯丙酮酸加快伤口愈合的过程可能与苯丙酮酸对蛋白质的影响有关。
实施例4普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠血常规和脏器指数的影响
1、实验方法
本实施例研究苯丙酮酸对血液学指标、肝脏指数、胸腺指数和脾脏指数的影响。具体的测试方法为:
(1)试验以C57BL/6J雄性小鼠为研究对象,分为3个组(对照组和2个处理组),单笼饲养,重复数为8,分别用添加0%(对照组)、0.2%和0.4%苯丙酮酸的普通日粮饲喂小鼠。
(2)第6周对小鼠禁食禁水12小时,次日上午从每个重复组随机取6只小鼠,眼眶采血,保存于EDTA抗凝管中,暂时存放于4℃冰箱中,当日送检,检测血常规;脏器指数=脏器重量(g)/体重(g)*100%。
2、结果
表2血常规和免疫器官指数
如表2和图4所示,与对照组相比,普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠血常规和脏器指数均无显著性差异。试验表明,苯丙酮酸在提高正常小鼠免疫力水平的同时,能够有效维护机体的正常代谢,对机体无损伤,不会引起免疫器官异常、肝肾功能异常、白细胞异常及过敏反应等副反应等不良副反应。
实施例5普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠采食量和体增重的影响
1、实验方法
本实施例研究苯丙酮酸对小鼠采食量和体增重的影响。具体的测试方法为:
(1)试验以C57BL/6J雄性小鼠为研究对象,分为3个组(对照组和2个处理组),单笼饲养,重复数为8,分别用普通日粮(对照组)、添加0.2%和0.4%苯丙酮酸的普通日粮饲喂小鼠。
(2)收集实验小鼠的周累积采食量和周累积体增重(即周累积采食量=第一周采食量+第二周采食量+…+第N周采食量;周累积体增重=周体重-初始体重)。
2、结果
如图5所示,与对照组相比,普通日粮添加苯丙酮酸对小鼠的采食量和体增重均无显著性差异。试验表明,苯丙酮酸在提高正常小鼠免疫力水平的同时,能够有效维护机体的正常代谢,对机体无损伤,不会引起食欲不振等不良副反应。
实施例6
一种呈片剂型的免疫增强剂,由以下重量百分含量的组分组成:
苯丙酮酸0.2%、乳糖70.4%、羧甲基纤维素钠4.6%、余量为淀粉。
实施例7
一种呈颗粒剂型的免疫增强剂,由以下重量百分含量的组分组成:
苯丙酮酸0.3%、乳糖80%、羧甲基纤维素钠2%、余量为淀粉。
实施例8
一种呈胶囊剂型的免疫增强剂,由以下重量百分含量的组分组成:
苯丙酮酸0.1%、乳糖96.7%、羧甲基纤维素钠3.2%、余量为淀粉。
实施例9
一种呈胶囊剂型的免疫增强剂,由以下重量百分含量的组分组成:
苯丙酮酸0.1%、乳糖49%、羧甲基纤维素钠1%、余量为淀粉。
实施例10
一种呈丸剂型的免疫增强剂,由以下重量百分含量的组分组成:
苯丙酮酸0.1%~0.4%、乳糖89%~96.5%、羧甲基纤维素钠0.5%~3%、余量为淀粉。
Claims (1)
1.苯丙酮酸或其药学上可接受的盐在制备促进伤口愈合的药物中的应用。
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