CN108896606B - Device and method for measuring effective heat conductivity coefficient of temperature change by using unsteady cylindrical heat source method - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring effective heat conductivity coefficient of temperature change by using unsteady cylindrical heat source method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring the effective heat conductivity coefficient of an unsteady cylindrical heat source method temperature change, which comprises a charging barrel, an electric heating sleeve, a heat preservation layer, an insulating barrel cover, a temperature measuring probe and an intelligent temperature controller, wherein the charging barrel is provided with a heating pipe; the charging barrel body is cylindrical; the electric heating sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the charging barrel, and the heat preservation layer is positioned on the periphery of the electric heating sleeve; the intelligent temperature controller is arranged outside the charging barrel; the heat insulation cylinder covers are arranged at openings at two ends of the charging cylinder; 5 or 9 temperature measuring points are arranged in the charging barrel, and each temperature measuring point is uniformly distributed on the connecting line of the circumference and the circle center of the half of the length of the charging barrel or on the diameter of the circular section of the half of the length of the charging barrel; each temperature measuring point is respectively provided with a temperature measuring probe; the temperature measuring probes are respectively connected with the intelligent temperature control instrument; the size ratio of the axial length to the inner diameter of the charging barrel is 10:1-20:1. The invention can measure the effective heat conductivity coefficient of solid particles, and the heat transfer can be simplified into radial heat transfer, thereby simplifying the calculation method of the effective heat conductivity coefficient of the unsteady cylindrical heat source method temperature change.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for measuring effective heat conductivity coefficient of solid particles, in particular to a method and a device for measuring effective heat conductivity coefficient of temperature change by an unsteady cylindrical heat source method, and belongs to the technical field of heat energy and environmental protection engineering.
Background
There are three basic ways of transferring heat in a particulate system: the particle systems with different movement modes and different particle sizes have large difference in heat transfer proportion of the three heat transfer modes to the whole, and the difference of the heat transfer characteristics and the heat transfer mechanism of the particle systems is determined. In the process of carbon-based catalyst (active coke) desulfurization and denitrification technology and equipment development, the research on the heat transfer mechanism, the heat transfer performance measurement and the application of the granular carbon-based catalyst (active coke) is very important, and the research results are used in the aspects of the design of a regeneration tower, the bed temperature control of an adsorption tower and the like.
In a regenerated moving bed, particles slowly move in a circular tube, the particles are in a 'quasi-static' state of mutual contact with each other for a long time, efficient heat transfer of the bed wall surface and a particle system needs to be considered and ensured, the flow of particle gap fluid (generally gas) weakens the heat transfer of the wall surface and the particles, so the flow rate of the gap fluid can be controlled to be very low, heat convection can be weakened, and heat conduction in the moving bed is a main heat transfer mode. For the case of large system temperature differences, small changes in temperature will have a large effect on the radiative heat transfer between objects, which should be taken into account.
Continuous medium model: the whole particle system is regarded as a continuous medium like fluid, the heat conductivity coefficient of a certain area inside the particle system is completely determined by the shape and the position of the area, the heat transfer process of the area is simplified by assumption, a heat transfer equation which can be expressed by a mathematical equation is provided, because the particle group is regarded as the fluid, the initial condition and the boundary condition can be obtained, and the temperature distribution of the whole particle system is obtained by calculation. The assumption is made that the overall heat transfer characteristics of the particulate system can be obtained in accordance with the continuous medium model. In practice, the particle system is anisotropic, and when the problem of heat transfer of the particle system is studied, the effective medium method is to consider the particle system as a continuous medium, and the heat transfer performance of the continuous medium is similar to that of a particle group and has isotropic property, so that the temperature field of the particle system is finally solved. The invention equivalent the material in the cylinder to a continuous medium model.
The steady state method is that after the temperature distribution on the two surfaces of the sample to be tested is stable, the temperature distribution inside the sample is not changed with time, namely, the sample enters a steady state heat conduction state, experimental measurement is carried out, and the analysis starting point is a steady state heat conduction differential equation. Based on the characteristics of the steady-state heat conduction test principle, the following defects exist: 1) The measured thermal physical property index is single, only the thermal conductivity coefficient of the sample can be measured, and other indexes such as the thermal diffusion coefficient can not be measured; 2) The temperature difference of two sides of the tested sample is low, and the heat transfer process of the test is usually combined by heat conduction, heat convection and heat radiation, so that the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat conduction cannot be accurately obtained.
The unsteady state measuring method has the characteristics of being quick, capable of measuring multiple parameters simultaneously and capable of carrying out online observation on the dynamic process. The thermal conductivity is estimated by measuring the temperature distribution of the sample over time. The method has low environmental requirements and has the advantage of measuring under high temperature conditions. The heat conductivity coefficient of the material is measured by the existing unsteady state method, mainly adopting a constant power plane heat source method, namely, according to the analysis solution under the action of the constant heat flux of a semi-infinite large object and the application of the method in engineering practice, the measuring material is limited to be a heat insulating material. However, the calculation process is complex by adopting the method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide a device for measuring the effective heat conductivity coefficient of solid particles, which has a simple structure and can simplify the measuring and calculating processes.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a device for measuring the effective heat conductivity coefficient of the unsteady cylindrical heat source method temperature change, which comprises a charging barrel, an electric heating sleeve, a heat preservation layer, an insulating barrel cover, a temperature measuring probe and an intelligent temperature controller; the charging barrel body is cylindrical; the electric heating sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the charging barrel, and the heat preservation layer is positioned on the periphery of the electric heating sleeve; the intelligent temperature controller is arranged outside the charging barrel; the heat insulation cylinder covers are arranged at openings at two ends of the charging cylinder; 5 or 9 temperature measuring points are arranged in the charging barrel, and each temperature measuring point is uniformly distributed on the connecting line of the circumference of one half of the length of the charging barrel and the circle center or the same diameter of the circular section of one half of the length of the charging barrel; each temperature measuring point is respectively provided with a temperature measuring probe; the temperature measuring probes are respectively connected with the intelligent temperature control instrument; the size ratio of the axial length to the inner diameter of the charging barrel is 10:1-20:1.
Further, when 5 temperature measuring points are adopted, one temperature measuring point is positioned at the center of the charging barrel, the other temperature measuring point is positioned at the inner wall of the charging barrel, and the rest temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed on the connecting line of the two measuring points; when 9 temperature measuring points are adopted, one temperature measuring point is positioned at the center of the charging barrel, the other two temperature measuring points are respectively positioned at the inner wall of the charging barrel, the three measuring points form a straight line, and the rest of the temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed on the connecting lines of the three measuring points.
Further, the mica electric heating sleeve is adopted as the electric heating sleeve; the heat preservation layer adopts a quartz cotton heat preservation layer.
Further, the temperature probe is fixedly arranged in the charging cylinder body through a temperature probe positioning device; the temperature probe positioning device comprises an upper clamping plate, a lower clamping plate and a positioning ring; the number of the positioning rings is 9, and the positioning rings are clamped between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate; each temperature measuring probe is arranged in the corresponding positioning ring.
Further, a sleeve is arranged on the heat insulation cylinder cover; the connecting wire of the temperature measuring probe passes through the sleeve and is connected with the intelligent temperature controller; the connecting wire and the sleeve are further sealed by adopting flexible heat insulation resin, and the heat insulation cylinder cover is provided with an air inlet and outlet pipe and is connected with the air bottle through an external hose.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the effective heat conductivity coefficient by the measuring device, which is realized by the following steps:
(1) Heating the charging barrel body by constant power, stopping heating and naturally cooling after reaching a specified temperature, and recording time and temperature measurement data of each measuring point to obtain a heating measurement curve and a cooling measurement curve corresponding to each measuring point;
(2) And continuously adjusting the thermal diffusion coefficient according to a one-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction differential equation of the cylindrical coordinates by utilizing temperature measurement data of the temperature measuring points at the central position, calculating temperature values of other temperature measuring points to obtain a temperature rise calculation curve and a temperature reduction calculation curve corresponding to the temperature measuring points, and carrying out evaluation comparison with an actual temperature rise measurement curve and an actual temperature reduction measurement curve until the calculated curve and the actual measured curve reach the highest fitting degree, and finally taking the thermal diffusion coefficient as the effective thermal diffusion coefficient of the particle material to be measured in a test temperature interval, thereby calculating and obtaining the temperature change effective heat conduction coefficient.
Before heating, introducing industrial nitrogen to discharge air in the charging barrel in the step (1); the designated temperature is 500 ℃, and the heating mode is as follows: heating until the temperature of the temperature measuring point at the center reaches 500 ℃, and finishing heating.
The one-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction differential equation of the cylindrical coordinates in the step (2) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
t-temperature, DEG C;
τ-time, s;
athermal diffusivity, m 2 /s；
rRadius, m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the invention, the effective heat conductivity coefficient of solid particles is measured by using the charging barrel with the axial length being longer than the radial length, and the heat insulation barrel covers are arranged at the two ends, so that the axial heat transfer in the barrel is negligible, and the heat transfer can be simplified into radial heat transfer, thereby simplifying the calculation method of the effective heat conductivity coefficient of the unsteady cylindrical heat source method temperature change.
And the mica electric heating sleeve is combined with the cylindrical charging barrel to form a cylindrical heating element with constant power, and the quartz cotton heat insulation layer is arranged to prevent heat from radiating to the environment, so that the measured solid particulate matter material can be uniformly heated.
The device for measuring the effective heat conductivity coefficient has the advantages of simple structure and easy operation, and maintains the accuracy of measurement while simplifying the measurement calculation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an apparatus for measuring the thermal conductivity of an unsteady cylindrical heat source method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a device for measuring the thermal conductivity of an unsteady cylindrical heat source method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a fixing structure of the temperature probe at the temperature measuring point in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the seal between the lead and the charging barrel of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the temperature change at each station when the effective thermal conductivity is measured according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figures 1-4, the device for measuring the effective heat conductivity coefficient of the unsteady cylindrical heat source method temperature change comprises a charging barrel 1 (or 5), a mica electric heating sleeve 2, a quartz cotton heat preservation layer 3, a temperature probe positioning device 4, a heat insulation barrel cover 6, a temperature probe, an intelligent temperature controller and the like. The charging barrel 1 (or the charging barrel 5 shown in fig. 2) is cylindrical, two ends of the charging barrel are open, heat-insulating barrel covers are arranged at the openings, and the charging barrel 1 and the heat-insulating barrel covers are connected with each other in a nested mode. The mica electric heating sleeve 2 is sleeved on the outer peripheral side of the charging barrel 1, and the quartz cotton heat preservation layer 3 is positioned on the outer peripheral side of the mica electric heating sleeve 2. The intelligent temperature controller is arranged outside. The charging barrel 1 is internally provided with 5 temperature measuring points which are fixed by a temperature measuring probe positioning device 4 (the device can position 9 temperature measuring points when necessary), and the 5 temperature measuring points are arranged at one half length of the charging barrel 1 and are positioned on one diameter of the charging barrel 1 and are equidistantly arranged from a central position to a position close to the inner wall.
As shown in FIG. 3, each temperature measuring point is respectively provided with a temperature measuring probe, and the temperature measuring probes are fixed by a positioning ring 9 and positioning clamping plates 10 and 11. The temperature probe is connected with an external intelligent temperature controller through a wire. As shown in fig. 4, the temperature probe wire 12 is led out to the intelligent temperature controller through a wire lead-out sleeve 13 (or a wire lead-out sleeve 7 shown in fig. 2) on the heat insulation cylinder cover 6, and the space between the temperature probe wire 12 and the wire lead-out sleeve 13 is filled and sealed by flexible heat insulation resin 14. When the charging barrel 1 is used, the heat-insulating barrel cover is opened, after solid particles are filled, industrial nitrogen is used for purging for 10min through the air inlet and outlet pipe 15 (or the air inlet and outlet pipe 8 shown in fig. 2) on the heat-insulating barrel cover, air in the reactor is discharged, the switch of the mica electric heating sleeve is opened, the voltage is regulated, and heating is started. After setting the mica electric heating sleeve to be heated to 500 ℃, maintaining the heating power unchanged until the temperature of the solid particles detected at the central position also reaches 500 ℃, closing the mica electric heating sleeve, stopping heating, naturally cooling the solid particles in the charging barrel to room temperature, and sampling and preserving the solid particles. And respectively recording the temperature detected by each temperature measuring point and changing along with time, and calculating to obtain a temperature rise actual measurement curve and a temperature reduction actual measurement curve of the material at each temperature measuring point.
When the charging barrel is arranged, the axial heat transfer in the barrel can be ignored when the axial length is long enough, and the heat transfer can be simplified into radial heat transfer, so that the size ratio of the axial length to the inner diameter is ensured not to be less than 10:1, the charging barrel is controlled to be between 10:1 and 20:1 for controlling the cost, and the specification of the charging barrel is optimally selected to be: length 3m and inner diameter 0.2m.
According to the temperature rise actual measurement curve and the temperature drop actual measurement curve of each temperature measuring point obtained through experiments, the effective heat conductivity coefficient is calculated according to the following principle: according to the cylinder heat conduction differential equation:
wherein,
t-temperature, DEG C;
τ-time, s;
a-thermal diffusivity, m2/s;
rradius, m.
The corresponding discrete format is as follows:
assuming a diffusion coefficient of heataThe value is then measured using the initial data of a certain boundary temperature measurement point (at or near the center pointNear the wall surface), the temperature values at 5 temperature measurement points at each time are calculated at the same time intervals (step sizes) as in the data recording. After all the calculation is completed, the matching degree of the calculated value and the measured value is evaluated by continuously adjustingaValue, improved anastomosis degree, and finally proper selectionaAnd the value is taken as the effective thermal diffusivity (maximum value, minimum value or average value) of the measured particle material in the test temperature interval, and the effective thermal diffusivity along with the temperature change, namely the temperature change effective thermal diffusivity and the effective thermal diffusivity (maximum value, minimum value or average value) in the test temperature interval are calculated according to the effective thermal diffusivity.
Example 2
The measurement process of the effective heat conductivity coefficient of the device is the same as that of the embodiment 1, and the temperature change curve in the measurement process is shown in fig. 5. The effective thermal conductivity of the measured particulate material was calculated to be 0.14 (minimum), 1.67 (average) and 4.62 (maximum).
The invention has the characteristics of convenient measurement (compared with a steady-state method) and strong practicability (particularly suitable for the heat transfer process of materials in a pipe), and related experimental results are already applied to engineering practice.
Specifically, the effective thermal conductivity is a physical quantity defined for simplifying the calculation of heat transfer of the granular material, the numerical value and the material property, the particle size distribution, the measurement means and the like are all related, and the comparison between different measurement methods is not practical. Any measuring method can be applied by checking the measured value in practical application and correcting if necessary.
Claims (9)
1. An unsteady cylindrical heat source method temperature change effective heat conductivity coefficient measuring device which is characterized in that: the measuring device comprises a charging barrel, an electric heating sleeve, a heat preservation layer, a heat insulation barrel cover, a temperature measuring probe and an intelligent temperature controller; the charging barrel body is cylindrical; the electric heating sleeve is sleeved on the periphery of the charging barrel, and the heat preservation layer is positioned on the periphery of the electric heating sleeve; the intelligent temperature controller is arranged outside the charging barrel; the heat insulation cylinder covers are arranged at openings at two ends of the charging cylinder body; 5 or 9 temperature measuring points are arranged in the charging barrel, and each temperature measuring point is uniformly distributed on the connecting line of the circumference of one half of the length of the charging barrel and the circle center or the diameter of the circular section of one half of the length of the charging barrel; the temperature measuring probes are respectively arranged at the temperature measuring points; the temperature measuring probes are respectively connected with the intelligent temperature controller; the size ratio of the axial length to the inner diameter of the charging barrel is 10:1-20:1.
2. The measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: when 5 temperature measuring points are adopted, one temperature measuring point is positioned at the center of the charging barrel, the other temperature measuring point is positioned at the inner wall of the charging barrel, and the rest temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed on the connecting line of the two measuring points; when 9 temperature measuring points are adopted, one temperature measuring point is positioned at the center of the charging barrel, the other two temperature measuring points are respectively positioned at the inner wall of the charging barrel, the three measuring points form a straight line, and the rest of the temperature measuring points are uniformly distributed on the connecting lines of the three measuring points.
3. The measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the electric heating sleeve adopts a mica electric heating sleeve; the heat preservation layer adopts quartz cotton heat preservation layer.
4. The measurement device according to claim 2, wherein: the temperature probe is fixedly arranged in the charging cylinder body through a temperature probe positioning device; the temperature probe positioning device comprises an upper clamping plate, a lower clamping plate and a positioning ring; the number of the positioning rings is 9, and the positioning rings are clamped between the upper clamping plate and the lower clamping plate; each temperature measuring probe is arranged in the corresponding positioning ring.
5. The measurement device according to claim 2, wherein: the heat insulation cylinder cover is provided with a sleeve; the connecting wire of the temperature measuring probe penetrates through the sleeve and is connected with the intelligent temperature controller; and the connection wire and the sleeve are sealed by flexible heat insulation resin.
6. The measurement device according to claim 1, wherein: the heat insulation cylinder cover is provided with an air inlet and outlet pipe and is connected with the air bottle through an external hose.
7. A method of measuring effective thermal conductivity using the measuring device of any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by: the determination of the effective thermal conductivity is achieved by:
(1) Heating the charging barrel by using constant power, stopping heating and naturally cooling after reaching a specified temperature, and recording temperature measurement data of each measuring point according to a certain time interval to obtain a heating measurement curve and a cooling measurement curve corresponding to each measuring point;
(2) And continuously adjusting the thermal diffusion coefficient according to a one-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction differential equation of the cylindrical coordinates by utilizing temperature measurement data of the temperature measuring points at the central position, calculating temperature values of other temperature measuring points to obtain a temperature rise calculation curve and a temperature reduction calculation curve corresponding to the temperature measuring points, and carrying out evaluation comparison with an actual temperature rise measurement curve and an actual temperature reduction measurement curve until the calculated curve and the actual measured curve reach the highest fitting degree, and finally taking the thermal diffusion coefficient as the effective thermal diffusion coefficient of the particle material to be measured in a test temperature interval, thereby calculating and obtaining the temperature change effective heat conduction coefficient.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: before heating in the step (1), introducing industrial nitrogen to discharge air in the charging barrel; the designated temperature is 500 ℃, and the heating mode is as follows: and when the temperature of the temperature measuring point at the inner wall of the charging barrel is 500 ℃, maintaining the temperature until the temperature of the temperature measuring point at the center also reaches 500 ℃, and finishing heating.
9. The method according to claim 7, wherein: the one-dimensional unsteady-state heat conduction differential equation of the cylindrical coordinates in the step (2) is as follows:
wherein the method comprises the steps of
t-temperature, DEG C;
τ-time, s;
athermal diffusivity, m 2 /s；
rRadius, m.
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| CN113933342B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2022-07-12 | 华中科技大学 | Rapid inspection device and method for heat insulation performance of heat insulation bottle for logging instrument |
| CN114720017B (en) * | 2022-03-29 | 2024-10-08 | 孚泽(成都)科技有限公司 | Temperature measurement method, device, system and terminal based on heat conduction |
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| CN204044093U (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2014-12-24 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of Analytical system of Equivalent Thermal Conductivities |
| CN106841291A (en) * | 2017-04-08 | 2017-06-13 | 天津城建大学 | For determining each device and its method of testing to thermal conductivity factor of frozen soil |
| CN206601352U (en) * | 2017-04-08 | 2017-10-31 | 天津城建大学 | For determining each device to thermal conductivity factor of frozen soil |
| CN107543841A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2018-01-05 | 华北电力大学 | The novel portable measuring instrument of flow thermal conductivity coefficient in a kind of measuring cell |
| CN209167177U (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-07-26 | 国电环境保护研究院有限公司 | A kind of unstable state cylinder heat resource method temperature change effective thermal conductivity measurement device |
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