CN107290380A - Plate type heat exchanger heat transfer property transient test device and method - Google Patents
Plate type heat exchanger heat transfer property transient test device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种板式换热器传热性能瞬态测试装置及方法，包括入口段、收缩段、加热段、稳定段、实验段、排出段及数据采集系统，其中，入口段、收缩段、加热段、稳定段、实验段及排出段依次相连通，加热段内设有加热器，稳定段的出口处设有第一组温度传感器，待测板式换热器位于实验段内，排出段的入口处设有压力传感器及第二组温度传感器，排出段的中部设有流量计，排出段的出口连通有风机，数据采集系统的输入端与压力传感器、流量计、第一组温度传感器及第二组温度传感器的输出端相连接，该装置及方法能够准确测量板式换热器的传热系数。
The invention discloses a transient test device and method for the heat transfer performance of a plate heat exchanger, comprising an inlet section, a shrinkage section, a heating section, a stabilization section, an experiment section, a discharge section and a data acquisition system, wherein the inlet section, the shrinkage section , Heating section, Stable section, Experiment section and Discharge section are connected in sequence. There is a heater in the heating section, and a first set of temperature sensors are installed at the outlet of the stable section. The plate heat exchanger to be tested is located in the experiment section, and the discharge section A pressure sensor and a second group of temperature sensors are installed at the entrance of the outlet, a flowmeter is installed in the middle of the discharge section, and a fan is connected to the outlet of the discharge section. The input end of the data acquisition system is connected with the pressure sensor, flowmeter, the first group of temperature sensors and The output ends of the second group of temperature sensors are connected together, and the device and method can accurately measure the heat transfer coefficient of the plate heat exchanger.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种传热性能瞬态测试装置及方法，具体涉及一种板式换热器传热性能瞬态测试装置及方法。The invention relates to a transient test device and method for heat transfer performance, in particular to a transient test device and method for heat transfer performance of a plate heat exchanger.
背景技术Background technique
板式换热器由经过压制的金属薄板片叠加组装而成，具有传热系数高、换热效率高、占地面积小、多种介质换热、对数平均温差大、进出口温度端差小、维护使用方便的优点，在食品、医药、化学、电力、制冷、空调、冶金、机械等多种工业领域得到了广泛应用，如牛奶灭菌、合成氨、炼钢工艺冷却、动力循环回热过程等。The plate heat exchanger is composed of pressed metal thin plates, which has high heat transfer coefficient, high heat transfer efficiency, small footprint, heat transfer of various media, large logarithmic average temperature difference, and small temperature difference between inlet and outlet , easy maintenance and use, it has been widely used in various industrial fields such as food, medicine, chemistry, electricity, refrigeration, air conditioning, metallurgy, machinery, etc., such as milk sterilization, synthetic ammonia, steelmaking process cooling, power cycle heat recovery process Wait.
板式换热器的传热系数大小直观反映了其传热性能的优劣，是一个重要性能指标。准确测量板式换热器传热系数是衡量其传热性能的基本方法，是开展相关传热理论研究及工艺技术开发的先决条件，也是检验和优化设计、提高板式换热器性能水平的重要手段。The heat transfer coefficient of a plate heat exchanger directly reflects its heat transfer performance and is an important performance indicator. Accurately measuring the heat transfer coefficient of a plate heat exchanger is a basic method to measure its heat transfer performance, a prerequisite for carrying out relevant heat transfer theory research and process technology development, and an important means to test and optimize design and improve the performance level of plate heat exchangers .
目前，测量换热器板片与工质间传热系数的主要方法是稳态实验技术。该技术以牛顿冷却定律为理论基础，它采用稳定热源持续加热传热板片表面，通过测量稳态传热量、工质流量、工质温度和板片温度来计算传热系数大小。由于板式换热器的板片紧密贴合，板片间的流动空间狭小且形状复杂，加之板片厚度很薄，为获取板片壁温而埋设测温探头、引线等装置的难度很大，而且所设置的壁温测量设备会对换热器内部流场、温度场产生干扰和影响，导致传热系数测试出现偏差，降低了实验精度。At present, the main method for measuring the heat transfer coefficient between the heat exchanger plate and the working medium is the steady-state experimental technique. The technology is based on Newton's cooling law. It uses a stable heat source to continuously heat the surface of the heat transfer plate, and calculates the heat transfer coefficient by measuring the steady-state heat transfer, working fluid flow, working fluid temperature and plate temperature. Because the plates of the plate heat exchanger are tightly bonded, the flow space between the plates is narrow and the shape is complex, and the thickness of the plates is very thin, it is very difficult to bury temperature measuring probes, lead wires and other devices to obtain the wall temperature of the plates. Moreover, the installed wall temperature measurement equipment will interfere and affect the internal flow field and temperature field of the heat exchanger, resulting in deviations in the heat transfer coefficient test and reducing the accuracy of the experiment.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述现有技术的缺点，提供了一种板式换热器传热性能瞬态测试装置及方法，该装置及方法能够准确测量板式换热器的传热系数。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a transient test device and method for heat transfer performance of a plate heat exchanger, which can accurately measure the heat transfer coefficient of the plate heat exchanger.
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的板式换热器传热性能瞬态测试装置包括入口段、收缩段、加热段、稳定段、实验段、排出段及数据采集系统，其中，入口段、收缩段、加热段、稳定段、实验段及排出段依次相连通，加热段内设有加热器，稳定段的出口处设有第一组温度传感器，待测板式换热器位于实验段内，排出段的入口处设有压力传感器及第二组温度传感器，排出段的中部设有流量计，排出段的出口连通有风机，数据采集系统的输入端与压力传感器、流量计、各温度传感器的输出端相连接。In order to achieve the above object, the heat transfer performance transient test device of the plate heat exchanger according to the present invention includes an inlet section, a shrinkage section, a heating section, a stabilization section, an experiment section, a discharge section and a data acquisition system, wherein the inlet section, the shrinkage section The heating section, the heating section, the stabilizing section, the experimental section and the discharge section are connected in sequence. A heater is installed in the heating section, and a first set of temperature sensors is installed at the outlet of the stabilizing section. The plate heat exchanger to be tested is located in the experimental section. A pressure sensor and a second group of temperature sensors are installed at the entrance of the section, a flowmeter is installed in the middle of the discharge section, and a fan is connected to the outlet of the discharge section. end connected.
入口段内沿工质流通的方向依次设有蜂窝器及若干层丝网。Honeycombs and several layers of wire mesh are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of the working medium in the inlet section.
收缩段的收缩比为2～25。The shrinkage ratio of the shrinkage section is 2-25.
稳定段的长度与直径的比例为0.5～10。The ratio of the length to the diameter of the stable section is 0.5-10.
第一组温度传感器呈网状结构分布；The first group of temperature sensors are distributed in a network structure;
第二组温度传感器呈网状结构分布。The second group of temperature sensors is distributed in a network structure.
排出段上设置有调节阀，调节阀位于流量计与排出段的出口之间。A regulating valve is arranged on the discharge section, and the regulating valve is located between the flow meter and the outlet of the discharge section.
本发明所述的板式换热器传热性能瞬态测试方法包括以下步骤：The transient test method for the heat transfer performance of the plate heat exchanger of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)开启风机，风机导引工质依次流经入口段、收缩段、加热段、稳定段、实验段、排出段及风机；1) Turn on the fan, and the fan guides the working medium to flow through the inlet section, contraction section, heating section, stabilization section, test section, discharge section and fan in sequence;
2)设定流量，当流量计、第一组温度传感器、第二组温度传感器及压力传感器检测得到的数据稳定时，数据采集系统通过第一组温度传感器采集实验段进口处的工质温度Tin，数据采集系统通过第二组温度传感器采集实验段出口处的工质温度Tout，数据采集系统通过流量计采集流经排出段的工质流量，数据采集系统通过压力传感器采集实验段出口处的工质压力；2) Set the flow rate. When the data detected by the flowmeter, the first group of temperature sensors, the second group of temperature sensors and the pressure sensor are stable, the data acquisition system collects the temperature T of the working medium at the entrance of the experimental section through the first group of temperature sensors. in , the data acquisition system collects the temperature T out of the working fluid at the outlet of the experimental section through the second set of temperature sensors, the data acquisition system collects the flow rate of the working medium flowing through the discharge section through the flowmeter, and the data acquisition system collects the temperature T out of the outlet of the experimental section through the pressure sensor working fluid pressure;
3)对实验段进行能量守恒分析，根据牛顿冷却定律及傅里叶定律建立待测板式换热器内板片与工质之间的传热微分方程，采用控制容积积分法将传热微分方程离散化为代数方程，设定实验段平均传热系数h的初值为h0，将h0、实验段进口处的工质温度Tin、排出段的工质流量及实验段出口处的工质压力代入上述代数方程中并求解方程，得实验段出口处的工质温度计算值Tout *，调整h值重复求解代数方程并更新Tout *，直到计算值Tout *与温度测量值Tout之间的偏差满足计算精度要求为止，最终的h值即为设定流量下实验段平均传热系数测量结果；3) Carry out energy conservation analysis on the experimental section, establish the heat transfer differential equation between the plates and the working medium in the plate heat exchanger to be tested according to Newton's cooling law and Fourier's law, and use the control volume integral method to convert the heat transfer differential equation to It is discretized into an algebraic equation, and the initial value of the average heat transfer coefficient h of the experimental section is set to h 0 . Substitute the fluid pressure into the above algebraic equation and solve the equation to obtain the calculated value T out * of the working fluid temperature at the outlet of the experimental section, adjust the value of h to repeatedly solve the algebraic equation and update T out * until the calculated value T out * is consistent with the temperature measurement value T Until the deviation between out meets the calculation accuracy requirements, the final h value is the measurement result of the average heat transfer coefficient of the experimental section under the set flow rate;
4)通过风机调整实验段工质的流量，然后再重复步骤2)及步骤3)，完成不同流量下实验段中板式换热器的传热性能瞬态测试。4) Adjust the flow rate of the working medium in the experimental section through the fan, and then repeat steps 2) and 3) to complete the transient test of the heat transfer performance of the plate heat exchanger in the experimental section under different flow rates.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明所述的板式换热器传热性能瞬态测试装置及方法在具体操作时，工质在风机的引导下依次经入口段、收缩段、加热段、稳定段、实验段及排出段排出，其中，通过加热段内的加热器对工质进行加热，通过第一组温度传感器测量实验段入口处的工质温度，通过压力传感器测量实验段出口处的工质压力，通过第二组温度传感器测量实验段出口处的工质温度，通过流量计测量排出段内工质的流量，然后依据牛顿冷却定律及傅里叶定律对实验段进行能量守恒分析，建立并求解传热方程，得到实验段出口处的工质温度计算值Tout *，根据计算值Tout *与测量值Tout之间的偏差调整实验段的平均传热系数h，重复求解传热方程并更新Tout *，直到Tout *与Tout之间的偏差满足计算精度要求为止，此时得到的h值即为对应流量下实验段平均传热系数的测量结果。与现有的稳态测试技术相比，本发明无需测量板式换热器的板片壁温即可完成瞬态测试，能够避免在板式换热器内部狭小、复杂结构空间内布置壁温测量设备的难题，同时能够消除壁温测量设备对换热器内部流场、温度场的干扰及影响，从而有效的提高测量的精度；另外，本发明的瞬态测试周期短，运行时间短，运行成本低；最后，本发明的实验系统简单，设备投资小。During the specific operation of the heat transfer performance transient test device and method of the plate heat exchanger according to the present invention, the working medium is discharged through the inlet section, the contraction section, the heating section, the stabilization section, the experiment section and the discharge section in sequence under the guidance of the fan. , wherein the working fluid is heated by the heater in the heating section, the temperature of the working fluid at the entrance of the experimental section is measured by the first set of temperature sensors, the pressure of the working medium at the outlet of the experimental section is measured by the pressure sensor, and the pressure of the working medium at the exit of the experimental section is measured by the second set of temperature sensors. The sensor measures the temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the experimental section, and the flow meter measures the flow rate of the working fluid in the discharge section, and then analyzes the energy conservation of the experimental section according to Newton's cooling law and Fourier's law, establishes and solves the heat transfer equation, and obtains the experimental Calculated value T out * of working fluid temperature at the outlet of the section, adjust the average heat transfer coefficient h of the experimental section according to the deviation between the calculated value T out * and the measured value T out , repeatedly solve the heat transfer equation and update T out * until Until the deviation between T out * and T out meets the calculation accuracy requirements, the h value obtained at this time is the measurement result of the average heat transfer coefficient of the experimental section under the corresponding flow rate. Compared with the existing steady-state test technology, the present invention can complete the transient test without measuring the plate wall temperature of the plate heat exchanger, and can avoid the arrangement of wall temperature measuring equipment in the narrow and complex structural space inside the plate heat exchanger At the same time, it can eliminate the interference and influence of the wall temperature measuring equipment on the internal flow field and temperature field of the heat exchanger, thereby effectively improving the measurement accuracy; in addition, the transient test cycle of the present invention is short, the running time is short, and the running cost Low; finally, the experimental system of the present invention is simple, and equipment investment is little.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2为本发明中实验段8中波纹板式换热器的结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the corrugated plate heat exchanger in the experimental section 8 of the present invention;
图3为本发明中波纹板式换热器内的能量守恒分析示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of energy conservation analysis in the corrugated plate heat exchanger in the present invention;
图4为本发明的测试结果图。Fig. 4 is a diagram of test results of the present invention.
其中，1为入口段、2为蜂窝器、3为丝网、4为收缩段、5为加热段、6为稳定段、7a为第一组温度传感器、7b为第二组温度传感器、8为实验段、9为压力传感器、10为排出段、11为流量计、12为调节阀、13为风机。Among them, 1 is the entrance section, 2 is the honeycomb, 3 is the silk screen, 4 is the shrinkage section, 5 is the heating section, 6 is the stable section, 7a is the first group of temperature sensors, 7b is the second group of temperature sensors, 8 is Experimental section, 9 is a pressure sensor, 10 is a discharge section, 11 is a flow meter, 12 is a regulating valve, and 13 is a fan.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
参考图1，本发明所述的板式换热器传热性能瞬态测试装置包括入口段1、收缩段4、加热段5、稳定段6、实验段8、排出段10及数据采集系统14，其中，入口段1、收缩段4、加热段5、稳定段6、实验段8及排出段10依次相连通，加热段5内设有加热器，稳定段6的出口处设有第一组温度传感器7a，待测板式换热器位于实验段8内，排出段10的入口处设有压力传感器9及第二组温度传感器7b，排出段10的中部设有流量计11，排出段10的出口连通有风机13，数据采集系统14的输入端与压力传感器9、流量计11、第一组温度传感器7a、第二组温度传感器7b的输出端相连接。Referring to Fig. 1, the heat transfer performance transient testing device of plate heat exchanger according to the present invention comprises an inlet section 1, a contraction section 4, a heating section 5, a stabilization section 6, an experiment section 8, a discharge section 10 and a data acquisition system 14, Wherein, the inlet section 1, the contraction section 4, the heating section 5, the stabilizing section 6, the experimental section 8 and the discharge section 10 are sequentially connected, the heating section 5 is provided with a heater, and the outlet of the stabilizing section 6 is provided with a first set of temperature The sensor 7a, the plate heat exchanger to be tested is located in the experimental section 8, the inlet of the discharge section 10 is provided with a pressure sensor 9 and a second group of temperature sensors 7b, the middle of the discharge section 10 is provided with a flow meter 11, and the outlet of the discharge section 10 The fan 13 is connected, and the input end of the data acquisition system 14 is connected with the output ends of the pressure sensor 9, the flow meter 11, the first group of temperature sensors 7a, and the second group of temperature sensors 7b.
入口段1内沿工质流通的方向依次设有蜂窝器2及若干层丝网3；收缩段4的收缩比为2～25；稳定段6的长度与直径的比例为0.5～10；第一组温度传感器7a呈网状结构分布；第二组温度传感器7b呈网状结构分布；排出段10上设置有调节阀12，调节阀12位于流量计11与排出段10的出口之间。In the inlet section 1, honeycombs 2 and several layers of wire mesh 3 are arranged in sequence along the direction of working medium circulation; the shrinkage ratio of the shrinkage section 4 is 2 to 25; the ratio of the length to diameter of the stable section 6 is 0.5 to 10; the first The group of temperature sensors 7a is distributed in a network structure; the second group of temperature sensors 7b is distributed in a network structure; a regulating valve 12 is arranged on the discharge section 10, and the regulating valve 12 is located between the flow meter 11 and the outlet of the discharge section 10.
本发明所述的板式换热器传热性能瞬态测试方法包括以下步骤：The transient test method for the heat transfer performance of the plate heat exchanger of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1)开启风机13，风机13导引工质依次流经入口段1、收缩段4、加热段5、稳定段6、实验段8、排出段10及风机13；1) Turn on the fan 13, and the fan 13 guides the working medium to flow through the inlet section 1, the contraction section 4, the heating section 5, the stabilization section 6, the experiment section 8, the discharge section 10 and the fan 13;
2)设定流量，当流量计11、第一组温度传感器7a、第二组温度传感器7b及压力传感器9检测得到的数据稳定时，数据采集系统14通过第一组温度传感器7a采集实验段8进口处的工质温度Tin，数据采集系统14通过第二组温度传感器7b采集实验段8出口处的工质温度Tout，数据采集系统14通过流量计11采集流经排出段10的工质流量，数据采集系统14通过压力传感器9采集实验段8出口处的工质压力；2) Set the flow rate. When the data detected by the flowmeter 11, the first group of temperature sensors 7a, the second group of temperature sensors 7b and the pressure sensor 9 are stable, the data acquisition system 14 collects the experimental section 8 through the first group of temperature sensors 7a. The working fluid temperature T in at the inlet, the data acquisition system 14 collects the working fluid temperature T out at the outlet of the experimental section 8 through the second group of temperature sensors 7b, and the data acquisition system 14 collects the working fluid flowing through the discharge section 10 through the flow meter 11 flow rate, the data acquisition system 14 collects the working fluid pressure at the outlet of the experimental section 8 through the pressure sensor 9;
3)对实验段进行能量守恒分析，根据牛顿冷却定律及傅里叶定律建立待测板式换热器内板片与工质之间的传热微分方程，采用控制容积积分法将传热微分方程离散化为代数方程，设定实验段8平均传热系数h的初值为h0，将h0、实验段8进口处的工质温度Tin、排出段10的工质流量及实验段8出口处的工质压力代入上述代数方程中并求解方程，得实验段8出口处的工质温度计算值Tout *，调整h值重复求解代数方程并更新Tout *，直到计算值Tout *与温度测量值Tout之间的偏差满足计算精度要求为止，最终的h值即为设定流量下实验段平均传热系数测量结果；3) Carry out energy conservation analysis on the experimental section, establish the heat transfer differential equation between the plates and the working medium in the plate heat exchanger to be tested according to Newton's cooling law and Fourier's law, and use the control volume integral method to convert the heat transfer differential equation to Discretize it into an algebraic equation, set the initial value of the average heat transfer coefficient h of the experimental section 8 to h 0 , set h 0 , the working fluid temperature T in at the inlet of the experimental section 8, the working fluid flow rate of the discharge section 10 and the experimental section 8 Substitute the pressure of the working fluid at the outlet into the above algebraic equation and solve the equation to obtain the calculated value T out * of the temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the experimental section 8. Adjust the value of h to repeatedly solve the algebraic equation and update T out * until the calculated value T out * Until the deviation from the temperature measurement value T out meets the calculation accuracy requirements, the final h value is the measurement result of the average heat transfer coefficient of the experimental section under the set flow rate;
4)通过风机13调整实验段8工质的流量，然后再重复步骤2)及步骤3)，完成不同流量下实验段8中板式换热器的传热性能瞬态测试。4) Adjust the flow rate of the working medium in the experimental section 8 through the fan 13, and then repeat steps 2) and 3) to complete the transient test of the heat transfer performance of the plate heat exchanger in the experimental section 8 under different flow rates.
蜂窝器2由若干正方形薄壁小管道并列组成，蜂窝器2的作用为导直气流、降低气流紊流度、改善气流速度分布。丝网3为3层100目不锈钢丝网，其作用为降低气流的紊流度以及使气流均匀分布。收缩段4内壁的截面光滑渐变，收缩段4的作用为加速气流。加热器为管翅式电加热器，加热器的总功率为60kW。稳定段6为等截面管道，稳定段6的作用为衰减小漩涡，使气流均匀分布，保证实验段8流场的品质。The honeycomb 2 is composed of several small square thin-walled pipes juxtaposed. The function of the honeycomb 2 is to direct the airflow, reduce the degree of turbulence of the airflow, and improve the distribution of the airflow velocity. The wire mesh 3 is a 3-layer 100-mesh stainless steel wire mesh, and its function is to reduce the turbulence of the airflow and make the airflow evenly distributed. The section of the inner wall of the constriction section 4 is smooth and gradual, and the function of the constriction section 4 is to accelerate the airflow. The heater is a tube-fin electric heater, and the total power of the heater is 60kW. The stabilizing section 6 is a pipe with equal cross-section, and the role of the stabilizing section 6 is to attenuate the small vortex, make the air flow evenly distributed, and ensure the quality of the flow field in the experimental section 8.
风机13提供的空气雷诺数Re范围为500-10000。数据采集系统14的采集频率为0.5Hz，测试周期为60s。The air Reynolds number Re range provided by the fan 13 is 500-10000. The acquisition frequency of the data acquisition system 14 is 0.5 Hz, and the test period is 60 s.
本发明中波纹板式换热器内部长度为dx的微元体内固体、流体能量守恒分析如图3所示，微元体内波纹板-空气间瞬态传热微分方程为：In the present invention, the internal length of the corrugated plate heat exchanger is dx, and the solid and fluid energy conservation analysis in the micro-element is shown in Figure 3. The differential equation for the transient heat transfer between the corrugated plate and the air in the micro-element is:
其中，ρ为密度；δ为厚度，c为比热容，T为温度，t为时间，k为导热系数，x为长度，h为平均对流传热系数，u为流速，下标s表示固体波纹板，下标f表示流体工质。Among them, ρ is the density; δ is the thickness, c is the specific heat capacity, T is the temperature, t is the time, k is the thermal conductivity, x is the length, h is the average convective heat transfer coefficient, u is the flow rate, and the subscript s indicates the solid corrugated plate , the subscript f represents the fluid working fluid.
本发明的典型实验结果如图4所示，从图4中可见实验段8入口空气温度从初始时刻的19℃开始迅速上升，到20s时基本稳定在59℃。实验段8出口空气温度则从t＝0s时的19℃增至t＝60s时的26℃。通过迭代求解，最终求得Re＝4709时波纹板换热器的平均对流传热系数值为h＝73.87W·m-2·K-1。The typical experimental results of the present invention are shown in Fig. 4. From Fig. 4, it can be seen that the air temperature at the inlet of the experimental section 8 rises rapidly from 19°C at the initial moment, and basically stabilizes at 59°C in 20s. The air temperature at the outlet of experimental section 8 increased from 19°C at t=0s to 26°C at t=60s. Through iterative solution, the average convective heat transfer coefficient value of the corrugated plate heat exchanger when Re=4709 is finally obtained h=73.87W·m -2 ·K -1 .
以上详细说明仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能以此限定本发明的范围。即凡是依据本发明申请专利范围所作的均等变化与修饰，皆应属于本发明专利涵盖的范围之内。The above detailed description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the scope of the patent application of the present invention shall fall within the scope covered by the patent of the present invention.
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