CN108871759A - A kind of turbine efficiency measuring device - Google Patents
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- CN108871759A CN108871759A CN201810510831.1A CN201810510831A CN108871759A CN 108871759 A CN108871759 A CN 108871759A CN 201810510831 A CN201810510831 A CN 201810510831A CN 108871759 A CN108871759 A CN 108871759A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 claims abstract 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 78
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000739 chaotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及内燃机技术领域，更具体的说是涉及一种涡轮效率测量装置。The invention relates to the technical field of internal combustion engines, in particular to a turbine efficiency measuring device.
背景技术Background technique
一直以来，涡轮的效率始终没有较为精确简便的测量装置，其主要原因在于涡轮的废气出口处气流较为混乱，气流中心与边缘的温差、压力差较大，如果仅仅测量废气出口处某一部分的温度或压力进行效率计算则存在较大误差，而如果对废气出口处的多个部分进行测量然后平均取值也不可行，原因在于操作人员不可能保证多次测量均具有相同的实验环境，且工作量与工作难度也相对较高；因此，如何提供一种简便、精确的涡轮效率测量装置，成为本领域人员亟需解决的一个问题。For a long time, there has been no more accurate and simple measuring device for the efficiency of the turbine. The main reason is that the air flow at the exhaust gas outlet of the turbine is relatively chaotic, and the temperature and pressure differences between the center and the edge of the air flow are large. If only the temperature of a certain part of the exhaust gas outlet is measured There is a large error in the efficiency calculation of pressure or pressure, and it is not feasible to measure multiple parts at the exhaust gas outlet and then take the average value, because the operator cannot guarantee that multiple measurements have the same experimental environment and work Therefore, how to provide a simple and accurate measuring device for turbine efficiency has become a problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种涡轮效率测量装置，包括：In view of this, the present invention provides a turbine efficiency measuring device, comprising:
设置于废气进入管道的第一温度检测机构、第一压力检测机构；The first temperature detection mechanism and the first pressure detection mechanism installed in the exhaust gas inlet pipeline;
设置于废气排出管道的第二温度检测机构、第二压力检测机构；The second temperature detection mechanism and the second pressure detection mechanism arranged in the exhaust gas discharge pipe;
气体均流机构，所述气体均流机构设置于废气排出管道内，用于使排出的废气均匀整流，且所述第二温度检测机构、第二压力检测机构均位于所述气体均流机构与废气排出管道出口之间；A gas flow equalization mechanism, the gas flow equalization mechanism is arranged in the exhaust gas discharge pipe for uniform rectification of the discharged exhaust gas, and the second temperature detection mechanism and the second pressure detection mechanism are located between the gas flow equalization mechanism and Between the outlets of exhaust gas discharge pipes;
控制中心，所述控制中心与第一温度检测机构、第一压力检测机构、第二温度检测机构、第二压力检测机构均通讯连接。A control center, the control center is communicatively connected with the first temperature detection mechanism, the first pressure detection mechanism, the second temperature detection mechanism, and the second pressure detection mechanism.
采用上述技术方案的有益效果是：废气经过气体均流结构后由强不均匀流整流为温度、压力分布近似均匀的气流，通过对该均匀气流的测量可以精确得出废气排出时的压力和温度，结合废气进入管道处测量得到的废气压力、温度可以精确计算出涡轮的效率，对涡轮自身结构改动较小，简单方便。The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned technical solution is that the waste gas is rectified by a strong inhomogeneous flow into an air flow with approximately uniform temperature and pressure distribution after passing through the gas equalization structure, and the pressure and temperature when the exhaust gas is discharged can be accurately obtained by measuring the uniform air flow , Combined with the exhaust gas pressure and temperature measured at the point where the exhaust gas enters the pipeline, the efficiency of the turbine can be accurately calculated, and the structure of the turbine itself is slightly modified, which is simple and convenient.
优选的，所述气体均流机构由多孔材料制成，其外边缘与所述废气排出管道内边缘固定连接或可拆卸连接，所述气体均流机构的孔隙率为0.4-0.8。Preferably, the gas equalizing mechanism is made of porous material, and its outer edge is fixedly or detachably connected to the inner edge of the exhaust gas discharge pipe, and the porosity of the gas equalizing mechanism is 0.4-0.8.
进一步的，所述多孔材料可以为导热性良好的泡沫结构金属、蜂窝结构金属、藕状结构金属中的一种或几种组合，在短时间内泡沫金属可以达到与排出废气相同的温度；气体均流机构的长度可根据试验情况进行调节，只要能使废气气流通过该气体均流机构后温度、压力均匀分布即可。Further, the porous material can be one or more combinations of metal foam structure, honeycomb structure metal, and lotus structure metal with good thermal conductivity, and the metal foam can reach the same temperature as the exhaust gas in a short time; the gas The length of the flow equalizing mechanism can be adjusted according to the test conditions, as long as the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas flow through the gas equalizing mechanism can be evenly distributed.
优选的，所述气体均流机构为一体式结构或分层式结构。无论是一体式或是分层式结构均能实现气体的均流作用；关于分层式结构，可以将泡沫金属切割为多个圆饼状金属片，金属片的形状与废气排出管道内壁形状适配并固定连接，金属片与金属片之间相隔一段距离，各金属片之间的距离可以相同也可以不同。Preferably, the gas flow equalization mechanism has an integral structure or a layered structure. Whether it is an integrated or layered structure, the gas flow can be realized; for the layered structure, the metal foam can be cut into multiple circular pie-shaped metal sheets, and the shape of the metal sheet is suitable for the shape of the inner wall of the exhaust gas discharge pipe. Matching and fixed connection, there is a distance between the metal sheets, and the distance between the metal sheets can be the same or different.
优选的，还包括隔热环，所述隔热环设置于所述气体均流机构和所述废气排出管道之间，由于气体均流结构采用金属泡沫制成，导热性较好，为防止排出的废气热量流失，在气体均流结构与废气排出管道之间加装由隔热材料制成的隔热环，保证废气温度不会散失，提高试验的准确性。Preferably, it also includes a heat insulation ring, the heat insulation ring is arranged between the gas flow equalization mechanism and the exhaust gas discharge pipe, since the gas flow equalization structure is made of metal foam, which has good thermal conductivity, in order to prevent exhaust To reduce the heat loss of exhaust gas, a heat insulation ring made of heat insulating material is installed between the gas flow equalization structure and the exhaust gas discharge pipe to ensure that the temperature of the exhaust gas will not be lost and improve the accuracy of the test.
优选的，所述第一温度检测机构、第二温度检测机构均为温度传感器。所述第一压力检测机构、第二压力检测机构均为压力传感器。Preferably, both the first temperature detection mechanism and the second temperature detection mechanism are temperature sensors. Both the first pressure detection mechanism and the second pressure detection mechanism are pressure sensors.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.
图1附图为本发明提供的具有一体式气体均流机构的结构示意图；The accompanying drawing of Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an integrated gas flow equalization mechanism provided by the present invention;
图2附图为本发明提供的具有分层式气体均流机构的结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the layered gas flow equalization mechanism provided by the present invention.
其中，1-第一温度传感器，2-第一压力传感器，3-压气机，4-涡轮，5-隔热环，6-气体均流机构，7-第二温度传感器，8-第二压力传感器，9-废气进入管道，10-废气排出管道，11-废气排出管道口，A-空气进口，B-空气出口，C-废气进口，D-废气出口。Among them, 1-first temperature sensor, 2-first pressure sensor, 3-compressor, 4-turbine, 5-insulation ring, 6-gas equalization mechanism, 7-second temperature sensor, 8-second pressure Sensor, 9-exhaust gas inlet pipe, 10-exhaust gas discharge pipe, 11-exhaust gas discharge pipe opening, A-air inlet, B-air outlet, C-exhaust gas inlet, D-exhaust gas outlet.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
根据本发明实施例涡轮效率测量装置，包括：According to an embodiment of the present invention, the turbine efficiency measurement device includes:
设置于废气进入管道9的第一温度检测机构、第一压力检测机构；The first temperature detection mechanism and the first pressure detection mechanism arranged in the exhaust gas inlet pipeline 9;
设置于废气排出管道10的第二温度检测机构、第二压力检测机构；The second temperature detection mechanism and the second pressure detection mechanism arranged in the exhaust gas discharge pipe 10;
气体均流机构6，气体均流机6构设置于废气排出管道10内，用于使排出的废气均匀整流，且第二温度检测机构、第二压力检测机构均位于气体均流机构6与废气排出管道10出口之间；The gas equalizing mechanism 6, the gas equalizing mechanism 6 is arranged in the exhaust gas discharge pipe 10, and is used to evenly rectify the discharged exhaust gas, and the second temperature detection mechanism and the second pressure detection mechanism are located between the gas equalizing mechanism 6 and the exhaust gas. between outlets of discharge pipe 10;
控制中心，控制中心与第一温度检测机构、第一压力检测机构、第二温度检测机构、第二压力检测机构均通讯连接。The control center is communicatively connected with the first temperature detection mechanism, the first pressure detection mechanism, the second temperature detection mechanism and the second pressure detection mechanism.
在本发明实施例中，气体均流机构6由泡沫铜制成，其外边缘与废气排出管道10内边缘固定连接，泡沫铜的孔隙率为0.5。In the embodiment of the present invention, the gas flow equalization mechanism 6 is made of foamed copper, and its outer edge is fixedly connected with the inner edge of the exhaust gas discharge pipe 10, and the porosity of the foamed copper is 0.5.
如图1所示，在本发明实施例中，气体均流机构6可以为一体式结构。As shown in FIG. 1 , in the embodiment of the present invention, the gas flow equalization mechanism 6 may be an integral structure.
如图2所示，在本发明另一个实施例中，气体均流机构6可以为分层式结构。As shown in FIG. 2 , in another embodiment of the present invention, the gas flow equalization mechanism 6 may be a layered structure.
在本发明实施例中，还包括隔热环5，隔热环5设置于气体均流机构6和废气排出管道10之间。In the embodiment of the present invention, a heat insulating ring 5 is also included, and the heat insulating ring 5 is arranged between the gas flow equalizing mechanism 6 and the exhaust gas discharge pipe 10 .
在本发明实施例中第一温度检测机构为第一温度传感器1，第二温度检测机构为第二温度传感器7。第一压力检测机构位第一压力传感器2，第二压力检测机构为第二压力传感器8。In the embodiment of the present invention, the first temperature detection mechanism is the first temperature sensor 1 , and the second temperature detection mechanism is the second temperature sensor 7 . The first pressure detection mechanism is the first pressure sensor 2 , and the second pressure detection mechanism is the second pressure sensor 8 .
具体测试流程如下：The specific test process is as follows:
启动涡轮4，带动压气机3开始工作，空气由空气入口A进入，由空气出口B排出，废气经由废气入口C进入废气进入管道，废气带动涡轮4后流向废气排出管道10，废气通过气体均流结构6后通过废气出口D排出；Start the turbine 4, drive the compressor 3 to start working, the air enters from the air inlet A, and is discharged from the air outlet B, and the exhaust gas enters the exhaust gas inlet pipe through the exhaust gas inlet C, and the exhaust gas drives the turbine 4 to flow to the exhaust gas discharge pipe 10, and the exhaust gas flows through the gas equalization After structure 6, it is discharged through the exhaust gas outlet D;
涡轮4运行一段时间后，气体均流结构6的温度与废气温度大致相同，此时，第一温度传感器1检测废气进入管道处废气总温：T* 涡轮进口；第一压力传感器2废气检测进入管道处废气总压：P* 涡轮进口；第二温度传感器7检测废气排出管道处废气总温：T* 涡轮出口或静温：T涡轮出口；第二压力传感器8检测废气排出管道处废气总压：P* 涡轮出口或静压：P涡轮出口；检测后通过以下公式确认涡轮功率：After the turbine 4 runs for a period of time, the temperature of the gas equalizing structure 6 is approximately the same as the temperature of the exhaust gas. At this time, the first temperature sensor 1 detects the total temperature of the exhaust gas where the exhaust gas enters the pipeline: T * turbine inlet ; the first pressure sensor 2 detects the exhaust gas entering The total pressure of exhaust gas at the pipeline: P * turbine inlet ; the second temperature sensor 7 detects the total exhaust gas temperature at the exhaust gas discharge pipeline: T * turbine outlet or static temperature: T turbine outlet ; the second pressure sensor 8 detects the total exhaust gas pressure at the exhaust gas discharge pipeline : P * Turbine outlet or static pressure: P Turbine outlet ; after detection, confirm the turbine power by the following formula:
总-总效率： Total - Total Efficiency:
总-静效率： Total-Static Efficiency:
其中，T*为总温，P*为总压，T为静温，P为静压，κ为废气绝热指数。Among them, T* is the total temperature, P* is the total pressure, T is the static temperature, P is the static pressure, and κ is the exhaust gas adiabatic index.
本发明提供一种涡轮效率测试装置，废气经过气体均流结构后由强不均匀流整流为温度、压力分布近似均匀的气流，通过对该均匀气流的测量可以精确得出废气排出时的压力和温度，结合废气进入管道处测量得到的废气压力、温度可以精确计算出涡轮的效率，对涡轮自身结构改动较小，简单方便。The invention provides a turbine efficiency testing device. After the exhaust gas passes through the gas flow equalization structure, it is rectified by a strong uneven flow into an air flow with approximately uniform temperature and pressure distribution. By measuring the uniform air flow, the pressure and pressure when the exhaust gas is discharged can be accurately obtained. The temperature, combined with the exhaust gas pressure and temperature measured at the point where the exhaust gas enters the pipeline, can accurately calculate the efficiency of the turbine, and the structure of the turbine itself is less modified, which is simple and convenient.
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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