CN105070335B - Measure the device of device wall dust deposit characteristic in HTHP dust-contained airflow - Google Patents
Measure the device of device wall dust deposit characteristic in HTHP dust-contained airflow Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004992 fission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及核反应堆工程领域，特别是一种测量在高温高压含尘气流中器件壁面粉尘沉积特性的装置。The invention relates to the field of nuclear reactor engineering, in particular to a device for measuring the dust deposition characteristics on device walls in a high-temperature, high-pressure dust-laden airflow.
背景技术Background technique
与其他核能系统相比，模块式高温气冷堆具有安全性好、发电效率高等特点，受到各国普遍关注，而超高温气冷堆是第四代先进核能系统的候选堆型之一，被认为是最有可能在不远的将来实施的先进堆型。在高温气冷堆中，堆芯除去少量燃料、控制材料外，基本上全都为石墨类材料，而球床堆特有的燃料球循环方式，使得燃料球在运动过程中其自身以及其它的石墨构件和管道不可避免的将发生摩擦磨损，产生石墨粉尘。产生的石墨粉尘将跟随一回路工质氦气在一回路中运动、扩散和沉积。石墨粉尘的运动行为对于高温气冷堆的运行具有较重要意义。在反应堆正常工况下运行时，石墨粉尘颗粒随着冷却气体氦气在反应堆一回路流动，并在一回路表面和流动死区发生沉积，对设备的维护和检修带来不便；石墨粉尘还会在蒸发器换热管表面沉积，影响其换热效率等；石墨粉尘颗粒为疏松多孔结构，表面可吸附带有放射性的裂变碎片。Compared with other nuclear energy systems, the modular high-temperature gas-cooled reactor has the characteristics of good safety and high power generation efficiency, and has attracted widespread attention from all countries. The ultra-high temperature gas-cooled reactor is one of the candidate reactor types for the fourth-generation advanced nuclear energy system and is considered is the most likely advanced reactor type to be implemented in the near future. In a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor, except for a small amount of fuel and control materials, the core is basically made of graphite materials, and the unique fuel ball circulation mode of the pebble bed reactor makes the fuel ball itself and other graphite components in the process of movement And the pipeline will inevitably have friction and wear, resulting in graphite dust. The generated graphite dust will follow the movement, diffusion and deposition of the working medium helium in the primary circuit. The motion behavior of graphite dust is of great significance to the operation of high temperature gas-cooled reactors. When the reactor is running under normal conditions, graphite dust particles flow in the primary circuit of the reactor along with the cooling gas helium, and deposit on the surface of the primary circuit and in the flow dead zone, which brings inconvenience to the maintenance and repair of equipment; graphite dust will also Deposition on the surface of the heat exchange tube of the evaporator affects its heat exchange efficiency; the graphite dust particles are loose and porous, and the surface can absorb radioactive fission fragments.
因此，了解石墨粉尘在高温堆一回路各装置表面的沉积特性对于反应堆的安全运行和分析有着重要意义。Therefore, understanding the deposition characteristics of graphite dust on the surface of each device in the primary loop of a high temperature reactor is of great significance for the safe operation and analysis of the reactor.
发明内容Contents of the invention
目前，对于高温堆中各设备器件表面的粉尘沉积情况的资料知之甚少。已有其他领域的壁面粉尘沉积特性的数据大多是基于空气氛围、常温常压下的数据，而高温气冷堆的冷却剂为高温高压的氦气。因而，要需要设计合适的方案实现对高温气冷堆一回路中高温高压的携带一定浓度石墨粉尘的氦气工质中各器件表面的粉尘沉积特性进行测量。At present, little is known about the dust deposition on the surfaces of various equipment and components in high temperature reactors. Most of the existing data on wall dust deposition characteristics in other fields are based on air atmosphere, normal temperature and pressure data, and the coolant of high temperature gas-cooled reactors is high temperature and high pressure helium. Therefore, it is necessary to design a suitable scheme to realize the measurement of the dust deposition characteristics on the surface of each device in the high temperature and high pressure helium working fluid carrying a certain concentration of graphite dust in the primary circuit of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor.
本发明提供一种能够利用不同气体工质在高温高压工况下研究器件壁面粉尘沉积特性的装置。The invention provides a device capable of using different gas working fluids to study the dust deposition characteristics on device walls under high temperature and high pressure working conditions.
设计了一种高温堆内高温高压含尘气流中器件壁面粉尘沉积特性的测试装置，具体结构见附件中图1及2。A test device for the dust deposition characteristics on the device wall in the high-temperature, high-pressure dust-laden airflow in the high-temperature reactor has been designed. The specific structure is shown in Figures 1 and 2 in the appendix.
该装置主要由高压气源系统、加热系统、主管路系统、粉尘注入系统、试验段系统以及除尘排放系统构成。高压气源系统包含多种气源，并且可以替换成不同的气源，开展不同气体工质下的实验。气体注入到主管道之前，经加热系统加热升温，使得主管道环境为能够模拟高温气冷堆一回路环境的高温高压。为较少散热，主管道管道外围包裹保温隔热材料。The device is mainly composed of high-pressure air source system, heating system, main pipeline system, dust injection system, test section system and dust removal and discharge system. The high-pressure gas source system includes a variety of gas sources, and can be replaced with different gas sources to carry out experiments under different gas working fluids. Before the gas is injected into the main pipeline, it is heated by the heating system, so that the environment of the main pipeline is a high temperature and high pressure that can simulate the environment of the primary loop of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor. In order to reduce heat dissipation, the outer periphery of the main pipeline is wrapped with thermal insulation material.
为了减少上游管道壁面可能存在的沉积粉尘对下游的影响，本装置设计为开式系统。通过主管道下游的恒流量阀门来设置需要的流量，通过主管道上游的恒压阀来设置实验需要的压力值，从而可以获得不同的气体压力和气流速度。通过粉尘注入系统将石墨粉尘注入到主管道系统中的气流中，从而形成具有一定浓度的含尘气流。本装置可以分析试验器件在主管道中实验前后表面石墨粉尘沉积特性的变化，如沉积的粉尘量、粉尘厚度、粉尘颗粒特性，可以进一步分析预测高温堆中各器件壁面石墨粉尘沉积规律。In order to reduce the impact of the deposited dust that may exist on the upstream pipe wall on the downstream, the device is designed as an open system. The required flow rate is set through the constant flow valve downstream of the main pipeline, and the pressure value required for the experiment is set through the constant pressure valve upstream of the main pipeline, so that different gas pressures and airflow velocities can be obtained. Graphite dust is injected into the airflow in the main pipeline system through the dust injection system to form a dust-laden airflow with a certain concentration. This device can analyze the changes in the deposition characteristics of graphite dust on the surface of the test device before and after the test in the main pipeline, such as the amount of deposited dust, the thickness of the dust, and the characteristics of the dust particles, and can further analyze and predict the deposition law of graphite dust on the wall of each device in the high-temperature stack.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明测量高温堆一回路管道中器件壁面粉尘沉积特性的装置的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the device for measuring the dust deposition characteristics on the device wall in the primary circuit pipeline of a high-temperature reactor according to the present invention.
图2为试验段系统的结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the test section system.
其中，1-高压气源系统；2-加热系统；3-主管道系统；4-试验段系统；5-粉尘注入系统；6-除尘排放系统；7-高压空气罐；8-高压氮气罐；9-高压氦气罐；10-加热器；11-恒压调节阀；12-压力传感器；13-温度传感器；14-功率调节器；15-温度传感器器；16-压力传感器；17-风速传感器；18-连接法兰；19-试验段本体；20-试验器件；21-高压气瓶；22-截止阀；23-粉尘容器；24-截止阀；25-恒流量调节阀；26-安全泄压阀；27-过滤器；28-保温层；29-盘管结构器件；30-管道结构器件；31-叶片结构器件。Among them, 1-high-pressure air source system; 2-heating system; 3-main pipeline system; 4-test section system; 5-dust injection system; 6-dust removal system; 7-high-pressure air tank; 8-high-pressure nitrogen tank; 9-high pressure helium tank; 10-heater; 11-constant pressure regulating valve; 12-pressure sensor; 13-temperature sensor; 14-power regulator; 15-temperature sensor; 16-pressure sensor; 17-wind speed sensor ;18-connecting flange; 19-test section body; 20-test device; 21-high pressure cylinder; 22-stop valve; 23-dust container; 24-stop valve; 25-constant flow regulating valve; Pressure valve; 27-filter; 28-insulation layer; 29-coil structural device; 30-pipeline structural device; 31-blade structural device.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
如附图1所示，一种测量高温堆内高温高压含尘气流中器件壁面粉尘沉积特性的装置，包括高压气源系统1、加热系统2、主管道系统3、试验段系统4、粉尘注入系统5、除尘排放系统6、恒压调节阀11以及恒流量调节阀25；所述高压气源系统1和所述加热系统2依次串联在所述主管道系统3的一端，所述粉尘注入系统位于主管道系统3的侧面，所述除尘排放系统6连接在所述主管道系统3的另一端，而所述试验段4串联在所述主管道系统3的内部；其中，所述高压气源系统1用于向所述主管道系统3提供高压气体；所述加热系统2用于对所述高压气源系统提供的气体进行加热；所述粉尘注入系统5用于对所述主管道系统3中的气体加入石墨粉尘；所述除尘排放系统6用于整个装置的气体泄放出口。As shown in Figure 1, a device for measuring dust deposition characteristics on device walls in high-temperature, high-pressure dust-laden airflow in a high-temperature reactor, including high-pressure gas source system 1, heating system 2, main pipeline system 3, test section system 4, and dust injection System 5, dust removal and discharge system 6, constant pressure regulating valve 11 and constant flow regulating valve 25; the high-pressure gas source system 1 and the heating system 2 are sequentially connected in series at one end of the main pipeline system 3, and the dust injection system Located on the side of the main pipeline system 3, the dust removal discharge system 6 is connected to the other end of the main pipeline system 3, and the test section 4 is connected in series inside the main pipeline system 3; wherein the high-pressure gas source System 1 is used to provide high-pressure gas to the main pipeline system 3; the heating system 2 is used to heat the gas provided by the high-pressure gas source system; the dust injection system 5 is used to heat the main pipeline system 3 The gas in the gas is added to the graphite dust; the dust discharge system 6 is used for the gas discharge outlet of the whole device.
所述高压气源系统1用于向所述主管道系统3提供高压气源；初定三种气体，分别为空气7、氮气8和氦气9；高压储气罐还可以更换为不同的气源。The high-pressure gas source system 1 is used to provide high-pressure gas source to the main pipeline system 3; three kinds of gases are initially determined, namely air 7, nitrogen 8 and helium 9; the high-pressure gas storage tank can also be replaced with different gas source.
加热系统2用于对所述高压气源系统提供的气体进行加热，其与高压气源系统的出气管路相连，由加热器10对管道中的气流进行加热；所述电加热器的功率可调，即气流的温度可调，通过检测加热器出口气体的温度13反馈给功率调节器14进行调节；所述加热系统的出口管路上设置有恒压调节阀11。这样，气源通过高压注气系统注入到主管道之前，经电加热装置升温，可以在主管道形成高温高压环境。The heating system 2 is used to heat the gas provided by the high-pressure gas source system, and it is connected with the outlet pipeline of the high-pressure gas source system, and the airflow in the pipeline is heated by the heater 10; the power of the electric heater can be Adjustment, that is, the temperature of the airflow is adjustable, and the temperature 13 of the outlet gas of the heater is fed back to the power regulator 14 for adjustment; the outlet pipeline of the heating system is provided with a constant pressure regulating valve 11 . In this way, before the gas source is injected into the main pipeline through the high-pressure gas injection system, the temperature of the electric heating device can be raised to form a high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the main pipeline.
主管道系统3包括气体管路，在所述气体管路上游连接恒压调节阀11，下游连接恒流量调节阀25。通过调节恒压调节阀11，可以获得实验所需要的气体压力，通过调节恒流量调节阀25，可以获得实验所需要的气流速度。在恒压调节阀11和恒流量调节阀25的共同作用下，从而可以获得不同的气体压力和气流速度。The main pipeline system 3 includes a gas pipeline, a constant pressure regulating valve 11 is connected upstream of the gas pipeline, and a constant flow regulating valve 25 is connected downstream. By adjusting the constant pressure regulating valve 11 , the gas pressure required for the experiment can be obtained, and by adjusting the constant flow regulating valve 25 , the air velocity required for the experiment can be obtained. Under the combined action of the constant pressure regulating valve 11 and the constant flow regulating valve 25, different gas pressures and airflow velocities can be obtained.
试验段系统4包括连接法兰18、试验段本体19、试验器件20。试验器件20安装在试验段本体19里面，可以拆卸。试验段本体19通过法兰18与主管道管道相连，可拆卸。试验前，将试验器件20安装在试验段本体19里面，再通过法兰18与主管道管路连接；试验结束后，拆开连接法兰18，卸下试验段本体19，再从中拆下试验器件20，测量和分析试验器件20壁面的粉尘沉积情况。The test section system 4 includes a connecting flange 18 , a test section body 19 , and a test device 20 . The test device 20 is installed inside the test section body 19 and can be disassembled. The test section body 19 is connected to the main pipeline through the flange 18 and is detachable. Before the test, the test device 20 is installed in the test section body 19, and then connected to the main pipeline through the flange 18; after the test, the connecting flange 18 is disassembled, the test section body 19 is removed, and the test The device 20 is used to measure and analyze the dust deposition on the wall surface of the test device 20 .
粉尘注入系统5由高压气瓶21、粉尘容器23以及截止阀22、24组成。试验前，先将石墨粉尘安置在粉尘容器23中，试验时打开截止阀22和截止阀24，石墨粉尘将在高压气瓶21中喷出的高压气流的携带下，喷入主管道系统气流中。需要注意粉尘注入系统中的高压气瓶的压力应该大于主管道系统中的压力。The dust injection system 5 is composed of a high-pressure gas cylinder 21 , a dust container 23 and shut-off valves 22 and 24 . Before the test, the graphite dust is first placed in the dust container 23, and the shut-off valve 22 and the shut-off valve 24 are opened during the test, and the graphite dust will be sprayed into the air flow of the main pipeline system under the carry of the high-pressure airflow ejected from the high-pressure gas cylinder 21. . It should be noted that the pressure of the high-pressure gas cylinder in the dust injection system should be greater than the pressure in the main pipeline system.
除尘排放系统6由截止阀26和粉尘过滤器27组成。在试验结束时时，截止阀26将打开排放主管道中的气体，由于主管道中气体为含尘气体，因此设置粉尘过滤器27将排放气体中的粉尘过滤掉。The dust discharge system 6 is composed of a stop valve 26 and a dust filter 27 . When the test ends, the shut-off valve 26 will open the gas in the discharge main pipeline. Since the gas in the main pipeline is a dusty gas, a dust filter 27 is set to filter the dust in the discharge gas.
试验器件20可以为高温堆中一回路中的重要设备器件的模型，如附图2中给出的盘管结构器件29、管道结构器件30以及风机(或透平)叶片31等。The test device 20 can be a model of important equipment and devices in the primary circuit of the high-temperature stack, such as the coil structure device 29, the pipeline structure device 30, and the fan (or turbine) blade 31, etc. given in Fig. 2 .
为减少管道壁面的散热，在主管道系统3及试验段4外部设置有保温层28。In order to reduce heat dissipation on the pipe wall, an insulation layer 28 is provided outside the main pipe system 3 and the test section 4 .
此外，在试验段系统4和除尘排放系统6之间的管路上设置有第一温度传感器15、第一压力传感器16和风速传感器17，用于测量主管道中的温度、压力以及流速。同时，在加热系统2的出气管路上、截止阀11的上游还设置有第二压力传感器12和第二温度传感器13。In addition, a first temperature sensor 15, a first pressure sensor 16 and a wind speed sensor 17 are arranged on the pipeline between the test section system 4 and the dust removal system 6 for measuring the temperature, pressure and flow velocity in the main pipeline. At the same time, a second pressure sensor 12 and a second temperature sensor 13 are also arranged on the outlet pipeline of the heating system 2 and upstream of the shut-off valve 11 .
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和替换，这些改进和替换也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, some improvements and replacements can also be made, these improvements and replacements It should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN110473639B (en) * | 2018-11-28 | 2023-04-14 | 中国辐射防护研究院 | Device for researching dust deposition behavior |
| CN111678707A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-09-18 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Dust deposition characteristic test system |
| RU2761866C1 (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-12-13 | Акционерное Общество "Атомэнергопроект" | Method for monitoring system for passive heat removal from internal volume of protective shell and device for its implementation |
| CN112986066B (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2022-03-25 | 清华大学 | Experimental device for be used for studying dust particle resuspension law |
| CN116434990B (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2025-01-28 | 华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司 | Verification system and method for off-core purge of high temperature gas-cooled reactor spoiler |
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| CN103310857B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-10-28 | 清华大学 | Analyze the device and method of graphite dust resuspension rule in high temperature nuclear reactor cut accident |
| CN103278434B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-08-12 | 清华大学 | Measure the device and method of concentration of graphite dust in high temperature gas cooled reactor primary coolant circuit pipe |
| CN103308275B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2016-01-13 | 清华大学 | The device of simulation high temperature nuclear reactor cut accident graphite dust discharge and discharge capacity method of testing |
| CN103854712B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2016-07-06 | 清华大学 | Measure graphite dust granule and play the apparatus and method of dirt |
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