CN207096159U - The on-line monitoring system of heating surface fume side wear extent and etching extent - Google Patents
The on-line monitoring system of heating surface fume side wear extent and etching extent Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 title 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本实用新型提供了一种受热面烟气侧磨损量及腐蚀量的在线监测系统,包括镀膜式传感器,镀膜式传感器由平面载体基座、引线、与受热面材质相同的材料制作的薄膜电阻组成,所述薄膜电阻均匀设于平面载体基座上,平面载体基座固定于受热面上,薄膜电阻通过导线连接电阻测量系统。本实用新型提供的系统克服了现有技术的不足,把镀膜式传感器和高温受热面结合起来,采用高精度数据采集器测量模式传感器的电阻变化,根据电阻厚度与电阻值的关系反推得到电阻厚度的变化,从而得出受热面烟气侧磨损量及腐蚀量的变化;系统结构简单、成本低,测量方便、准确,有利于受热面的安全稳定运行,降低机组因受热面磨损和腐蚀引起的非停。
The utility model provides an on-line monitoring system for the amount of wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of the heating surface, which includes a coating sensor. The coating sensor is composed of a flat carrier base, a lead wire, and a thin film resistor made of the same material as the heating surface. The thin film resistors are evenly arranged on the plane carrier base, the plane carrier base is fixed on the heating surface, and the thin film resistors are connected to the resistance measurement system through wires. The system provided by the utility model overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art. It combines the coated sensor with the high-temperature heating surface, uses a high-precision data collector to measure the resistance change of the mode sensor, and calculates the resistance according to the relationship between the resistance thickness and the resistance value. Changes in the thickness of the heating surface, so as to obtain the changes in the amount of wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of the heating surface; the system has a simple structure, low cost, convenient and accurate measurement, which is conducive to the safe and stable operation of the heating surface, and reduces the unit caused by the wear and corrosion of the heating surface. non-stop.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种受热面烟气侧磨损量及腐蚀量的在线监测系统,属于锅炉受热面计算技术领域。The utility model relates to an on-line monitoring system for the amount of wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of a heating surface, belonging to the technical field of boiler heating surface calculation.
背景技术Background technique
在火力发电厂中,锅炉受热面高温腐蚀问题是长期困扰电厂的一个经济和技术问题。高温腐蚀使受热面管壁减薄,严重时会造成爆管,大大增加了电厂的临时性检修和大修的工作量,给电厂造成很大的经济损失。火电厂锅炉受热面爆管引起的非计划停运时间占机组非计划停运时间的40%左右,少发电量占全部事故少发电量的50%以上,是影响发电机组安全经济运行的重要因素,同时也干扰整个地区的电网系统的正常调度,影响当地的工农业生产,所造成的社会效益损失更为巨大。In thermal power plants, the high-temperature corrosion of boiler heating surfaces is an economic and technical problem that has plagued power plants for a long time. High-temperature corrosion makes the tube wall of the heating surface thinner, and in severe cases, it will cause tube explosion, which greatly increases the workload of temporary maintenance and overhaul of the power plant, and causes great economic losses to the power plant. The unplanned outage time caused by the boiler heating surface tube explosion in thermal power plants accounts for about 40% of the unplanned outage time of the unit, and the less power generation accounts for more than 50% of all accidents. It is an important factor affecting the safe and economical operation of the generating set , At the same time, it also interferes with the normal dispatch of the power grid system in the whole region, affects the local industrial and agricultural production, and causes even greater losses of social benefits.
现有的监测受热面高温腐蚀的方法通常是由烟气采样管、烟气分析仪、工控机、高温热电偶、显示器组成,通过在膜式水冷壁壁面管间连接板上开孔,在沿炉膛高度方向上,布置1-5层测点,通过烟气采样管抽取烟气,经烟气分析仪测得烟气中CO、O2和SO2三种气体浓度,并结合高温热电偶测得水冷壁壁面的壁温,把测得数据传输到工控机。同时,工控机接收电厂MIS系统Oracle数据库中一次风速、二次风速及风粉浓度数据,利用改进的模糊层次分析法进行分析处理,计算出当前高温腐蚀影响因素的权重大小,并根据权重大小进行实时排序,结果在显示器画面上友好显示,同时给出相应诊断意见,并要求运行人员及时调整。这种监测受热面高温腐蚀的方法只能减缓腐蚀,而不能定量显示受热面因高温腐蚀厚度变化的大小,即不能监测腐蚀受热面腐蚀量的变化。The existing method for monitoring high-temperature corrosion of the heating surface is usually composed of a flue gas sampling pipe, a flue gas analyzer, an industrial computer, a high-temperature thermocouple, and a display. In the height direction of the furnace, arrange 1-5 layers of measuring points, extract the flue gas through the flue gas sampling pipe, measure the concentration of CO, O 2 and SO 2 in the flue gas by the flue gas analyzer, and combine the high temperature thermocouple to measure The wall temperature of the water-cooled wall surface is obtained, and the measured data is transmitted to the industrial computer. At the same time, the industrial computer receives the primary wind speed, secondary wind speed and wind powder concentration data in the Oracle database of the MIS system of the power plant, uses the improved fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to analyze and process, and calculates the weight of the current high-temperature corrosion influencing factors, and according to the weight. Real-time sorting, the results are friendly displayed on the monitor screen, and corresponding diagnostic opinions are given at the same time, and operators are required to adjust in time. This method of monitoring high-temperature corrosion of the heating surface can only slow down the corrosion, but cannot quantitatively display the thickness change of the heating surface due to high-temperature corrosion, that is, it cannot monitor the change of the corrosion amount of the corrosion heating surface.
锅炉在运行过程中长期遭受烟气的冲刷,烟气中的飞灰颗粒对受热面的磨损影响较大,不但造成受热面的频繁更换,使发电成本增加,而且还将造成受热面的泄漏或爆管事故,危害很大。受热面的飞灰磨损一般都带有局部的性质,在烟气流速高和灰粉浓度大的区域,通常磨损较为严重,从被磨损管子的周径来看,磨损的程度也是不均匀的。在锅炉烟道中,烟气冲刷受热面时,往往存在一定数量一定动能的飞灰粒子冲击管壁的现象,每次冲击都有可能从管壁上削去极其微小数量的金属屑。日积月累,由于飞灰的不断冲刷,管壁将被越削越薄。降低受热面磨损的方法主要有加装防磨装置、降低烟气中飞灰含量等措施,在一定程度上可以降低受热面的磨损。在磨损量计算方面,有人总结分析了苏联在近40年间有关锅炉受热面磨损量计算公式的演变过程,在此基础上进一步提出在计算磨损量时确定受热面磨损性能系数值得原则及方法,并绘制了计算磨损量的线算图,为研究面磨损的问题提供了一定参考,但并没有解决如何监测受热面运行过程中因磨损而造成的减薄量。The boiler has been scoured by the flue gas for a long time during operation, and the fly ash particles in the flue gas have a great influence on the wear of the heating surface, which not only causes frequent replacement of the heating surface, increases the cost of power generation, but also causes leakage or A pipe burst accident is very harmful. Fly ash wear on the heating surface generally has a local nature. In areas with high flue gas velocity and high dust concentration, the wear is usually more serious. Judging from the circumference of the worn pipe, the degree of wear is also uneven. In the boiler flue, when the flue gas scours the heating surface, there is often a phenomenon that a certain amount of fly ash particles with a certain kinetic energy impact the tube wall, and each impact may cut off an extremely small amount of metal shavings from the tube wall. Over time, due to the continuous erosion of fly ash, the pipe wall will be cut thinner and thinner. The methods to reduce the wear of the heating surface mainly include measures such as installing anti-wear devices and reducing the content of fly ash in the flue gas, which can reduce the wear of the heating surface to a certain extent. In terms of wear calculation, someone summarized and analyzed the evolution of the calculation formula of boiler heating surface wear in the Soviet Union in the past 40 years. The line diagram for calculating the amount of wear is drawn, which provides a certain reference for the study of surface wear, but it does not solve how to monitor the amount of thinning caused by wear during the operation of the heating surface.
在防治低受热面温腐蚀方面,有在空预器入口加装暖风器、采用烟气再循环技术、加装热媒水系统等方法,上述方法能提高低温受热面的温度,在减缓受热面低温腐蚀方面起到一定作用,但并不能定量的在线监测受热面的低温腐蚀量。In terms of preventing corrosion on low-temperature heating surfaces, there are methods such as installing a heater at the inlet of the air preheater, adopting flue gas recirculation technology, and installing a heat medium water system. The above methods can increase the temperature of the low-temperature heating surface and slow down the heating. It plays a certain role in the low-temperature corrosion of the heating surface, but it cannot quantitatively monitor the low-temperature corrosion of the heating surface on-line.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型要解决的技术问题是如何在线监测火力发电厂锅炉受热面烟气侧的磨损量变化及温度腐蚀量变化。The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is how to monitor on-line the change of wear amount and the change of temperature corrosion amount on the flue gas side of the heating surface of the boiler in a thermal power plant.
为了解决上述技术问题,本实用新型的技术方案是提供一种受热面烟气侧磨损量及腐蚀量的在线监测系统,其特征在于:包括镀膜式传感器,镀膜式传感器由平面载体基座、引线、与受热面材质相同的材料制作的薄膜电阻组成,所述薄膜电阻均匀设于平面载体基座上,平面载体基座固定于受热面上,薄膜电阻通过导线连接电阻测量系统。In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution of the utility model is to provide an online monitoring system for the amount of wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of the heating surface. 1. It is composed of thin film resistors made of the same material as the heating surface. The thin film resistors are uniformly arranged on the plane carrier base, and the plane carrier base is fixed on the heating surface. The thin film resistors are connected to the resistance measurement system through wires.
优选地,所述平面载体基座为氧化铝陶瓷片基座。Preferably, the planar carrier base is an alumina ceramic sheet base.
优选地,所述薄膜电阻两端分别通过一根导线连接电阻测量系统。Preferably, both ends of the thin film resistor are respectively connected to the resistance measuring system through a wire.
优选地,所述薄膜电阻通过磁控溅射工艺均匀加工到所述平面载体基座上。Preferably, the thin film resistors are uniformly processed on the planar carrier base by magnetron sputtering process.
优选地,当镀膜式传感器长度和宽度不变时,其电阻值只与厚度成线性反比;通过监测镀膜式传感器电阻的变化,从而推导出镀膜式传感器厚度的变化,进而推断出受热面磨损量及腐蚀量的变化。Preferably, when the length and width of the coated sensor are constant, its resistance value is only linearly inversely proportional to the thickness; by monitoring the change of the resistance of the coated sensor, the change of the thickness of the coated sensor can be deduced, and then the amount of wear on the heating surface can be inferred and changes in corrosion.
优选地,所述薄膜电阻厚度与其电阻值的关系为:Preferably, the relationship between the thickness of the thin film resistor and its resistance value is:
其中,ρ为薄膜电阻材料的电阻率,LR为薄膜电阻长度,WR为薄膜电阻宽度,δ为薄膜电阻厚度;当薄膜电阻长度和宽度不变时,其电阻值只与厚度成线性反比;Among them, ρ is the resistivity of the thin-film resistor material, LR is the length of the thin-film resistor, W R is the width of the thin-film resistor, and δ is the thickness of the thin-film resistor; when the length and width of the thin-film resistor are constant, its resistance value is only linearly inversely proportional to the thickness ;
经炉内烟气的冲刷磨损,薄膜电阻逐渐减薄,测量薄膜电阻的阻值变化,反推得到薄膜电阻的厚度变化δt,其计算公式为:After being scoured and worn by the flue gas in the furnace, the thin film resistance is gradually reduced. The resistance value change of the thin film resistance is measured, and the thickness change δ t of the thin film resistance is obtained by inversion. The calculation formula is:
其中,R0为测得的薄膜电阻初始电阻值,R为腐蚀过程中测得的电阻值;Among them, R0 is the measured initial resistance value of the thin film resistance, and R is the resistance value measured during the corrosion process;
薄膜电阻的厚度变化即为受热面烟气侧磨损量及腐蚀量的变化。The change in the thickness of the thin film resistance is the change in the amount of wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of the heating surface.
本实用新型提供的系统克服了现有技术的不足,把镀膜式传感器和高温受热面结合起来,采用高精度数据采集器测量模式传感器的电阻变化,根据电阻厚度与电阻值的关系反推得到电阻厚度的变化,从而得出受热面烟气侧磨损量及腐蚀量的变化;系统结构简单、成本低,测量方便、准确,有利于受热面的安全稳定运行,降低机组因受热面磨损和腐蚀引起的非停。The system provided by the utility model overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art. It combines the coated sensor with the high-temperature heating surface, uses a high-precision data collector to measure the resistance change of the mode sensor, and calculates the resistance according to the relationship between the resistance thickness and the resistance value. Changes in the thickness of the heating surface, so as to obtain the changes in the amount of wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of the heating surface; the system has a simple structure, low cost, convenient and accurate measurement, which is conducive to the safe and stable operation of the heating surface, and reduces the unit caused by the wear and corrosion of the heating surface. non-stop.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实施例提供的受热面烟气侧磨损量及腐蚀量的在线监测系统示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an on-line monitoring system for wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of the heating surface provided in this embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本实用新型。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the utility model.
图1为本实施例提供的受热面烟气侧磨损量及腐蚀量的在线监测系统示意图,所述的受热面烟气侧磨损量及腐蚀量的在线监测系统包括镀膜式传感器,如图1中炉内烟气侧传感器部分所示,镀膜式传感器由平面载体基座、薄膜电阻和引线组成。薄膜电阻采用与受热面材质相同的材料制作。采用磁控溅射工艺将与受热面材质相同的薄膜电阻均匀加工到平面载体基座上,将平面载体基座固定在受热面上,在薄膜电阻两端通过两根导线引出炉外,以接数据采集系统。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the on-line monitoring system for the wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of the heating surface provided in this embodiment. The on-line monitoring system for the wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of the heating surface includes a coated sensor, as shown in Figure 1 As shown in the part of the sensor on the flue gas side in the furnace, the coated film sensor consists of a flat carrier base, a thin film resistor and a lead wire. Thin film resistors are made of the same material as the heating surface. Using the magnetron sputtering process, the thin-film resistor with the same material as the heating surface is evenly processed on the flat carrier base, the flat carrier base is fixed on the heating surface, and the two ends of the thin-film resistor are drawn out of the furnace through two wires to connect data collection system.
当镀膜式传感器长度和宽度不变时,其电阻值只与厚度成线性反比,厚度越小,电阻值越大。通过监测镀膜式传感器电阻的变化,从而推导出传感器厚度的变化,进而推断出受热面磨损量及腐蚀量的变化。具体如下:When the length and width of the coated sensor are constant, its resistance value is only linearly inversely proportional to the thickness, the smaller the thickness, the greater the resistance value. By monitoring the change of the resistance of the coating sensor, the change of the thickness of the sensor can be deduced, and then the change of the amount of wear and corrosion of the heating surface can be deduced. details as follows:
薄膜电阻厚度与其电阻值的关系为:The relationship between the thickness of a thin film resistor and its resistance value is:
式中,ρ为薄膜电阻金属材料的电阻率,LR为薄膜电阻长度,WR为薄膜电阻宽度,δ为薄膜电阻厚度。当薄膜电阻长度和宽度不变时,其电阻值只与厚度成线性反比,厚度越小,电阻值越大。In the formula, ρ is the resistivity of the metal material of the sheet resistor, LR is the length of the sheet resistor, W R is the width of the sheet resistor, and δ is the thickness of the sheet resistor. When the length and width of the thin film resistor are constant, its resistance value is only linearly inversely proportional to the thickness, the smaller the thickness, the greater the resistance value.
本实施例中,采用磁控溅射工艺在氧化铝陶瓷片基体的面上均匀地镀上一层与受热面管子相同材质的金属薄膜。薄膜电阻的长度和宽度一定,电阻只与其厚度有关。以薄膜电阻代替受热面,在一段时间内经受炉内烟气的冲刷磨损,薄膜电阻材料逐渐减薄,采用高精度数据采集器测量其电阻的变化,即可反推得到薄膜电阻材料厚度的变化,进而判断受热面的磨损量及腐蚀量的变化。薄膜电阻材料厚度的变化δt的计算公式为:In this embodiment, a metal film of the same material as that of the tube on the heating surface is evenly plated on the surface of the alumina ceramic sheet substrate by magnetron sputtering technology. The length and width of thin film resistors are fixed, and the resistance is only related to its thickness. Replace the heating surface with thin-film resistors, and withstand the erosion and wear of the flue gas in the furnace for a period of time, the thin-film resistor material will gradually become thinner, and use a high-precision data collector to measure the change in resistance, and you can reverse the change in thickness of the thin-film resistor material , and then judge the change of the wear amount and corrosion amount of the heating surface. The formula for calculating the thickness change δt of the thin-film resistance material is:
式中,R0为测得的薄膜电阻初始电阻值,R为腐蚀过程中测得的电阻值。In the formula, R0 is the measured initial resistance value of the thin film resistance, and R is the measured resistance value during the corrosion process.
δt即为受热面的磨损量及腐蚀量的变化。δ t is the change of the amount of wear and corrosion of the heating surface.
本实用新型中,把炉内烟气侧薄膜式传感器和炉外数据采集器结合在一起,可以定量的在线监测受热面磨损量和温度腐蚀量的发展程度。本系统克服了传统装置只能通过提高受热面处的温度腐蚀而不能在线定量的监测腐蚀量变化的缺点。通过在线实时监测受热面高温腐蚀量的变化,有利于高温受热面的安全稳定运行,降低机组因低温腐蚀引起的非停。In the utility model, the flue gas side film sensor in the furnace is combined with the data collector outside the furnace to quantitatively monitor the wear amount of the heating surface and the development degree of the temperature corrosion amount on-line. This system overcomes the disadvantage that the traditional device can only increase the temperature corrosion at the heating surface and cannot quantitatively monitor the change of corrosion amount on-line. By online real-time monitoring of changes in the amount of high-temperature corrosion on the heating surface, it is conducive to the safe and stable operation of the high-temperature heating surface and reduces the non-stop of the unit caused by low-temperature corrosion.
以上所述,仅为本实用新型的较佳实施例,并非对本实用新型任何形式上和实质上的限制,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本实用新型方法的前提下,还将可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本实用新型的保护范围。凡熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本实用新型的精神和范围的情况下,当可利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化,均为本实用新型的等效实施例;同时,凡依据本实用新型的实质技术对上述实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变,均仍属于本实用新型的技术方案的范围内。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the utility model, and is not any formal and substantial limitation of the utility model. It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the utility model , and several improvements and supplements can also be made, and these improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model. Those who are familiar with this profession, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present utility model, can make use of the technical content disclosed above to make some changes, modifications and equivalent changes of evolution, which are all equivalent changes of this utility model. New equivalent embodiments; at the same time, all changes, modifications and evolutions of any equivalent changes made to the above-mentioned embodiments according to the substantive technology of the utility model still belong to the scope of the technical solution of the utility model.
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Cited By (2)
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CN107389740A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-24 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of on-line monitoring system of heating surface fume side wear extent and etching extent |
US20200333272A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-10-22 | Nanjing Tech University | Method for predicting corrosion and spontaneous combustion of sulfur-related petrochemical equipment |
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CN107389740A (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2017-11-24 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | A kind of on-line monitoring system of heating surface fume side wear extent and etching extent |
CN107389740B (en) * | 2017-08-03 | 2023-08-29 | 上海发电设备成套设计研究院有限责任公司 | An online monitoring system for wear and corrosion on the flue gas side of the heating surface |
US20200333272A1 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2020-10-22 | Nanjing Tech University | Method for predicting corrosion and spontaneous combustion of sulfur-related petrochemical equipment |
US11428654B2 (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2022-08-30 | Nanjing Tech University | Method for predicting corrosion and spontaneous combustion of sulfur-related petrochemical equipment |
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