CN108825180A - A kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system and its observing and controlling localization method - Google Patents
A kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system and its observing and controlling localization method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108825180A CN108825180A CN201810609133.7A CN201810609133A CN108825180A CN 108825180 A CN108825180 A CN 108825180A CN 201810609133 A CN201810609133 A CN 201810609133A CN 108825180 A CN108825180 A CN 108825180A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/11—Perforators; Permeators
- E21B43/119—Details, e.g. for locating perforating place or direction
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning systems, including sequentially connected PC machine and ground control box, ground control box is sequentially connected school short circuit, observing and controlling deeply by single-core cable and is oriented to short circuit, damper, initiator and perforating gun, single-core cable is set in head harness, head harness and school are shorted deeply to be connected, observing and controlling guiding is equipped with orientation measuring system and power control system in being shorted, orientation measuring system connects sensor, power control system connects firing mount by intelligent electric machine, and firing mount is built in perforating gun.The invention also discloses the observing and controlling localization method of above-mentioned observing and controlling positioning system, observing and controlling positioning system accurate positioning provided by the invention is reliable, reduces production cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to oil/gas well completion technique fields, and in particular to a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system, this
Invention further relates to the observing and controlling localization method of above-mentioned observing and controlling positioning system.
Background technique
With scientific and technological progress corresponding development occurs for the important link perforating technology of domestic and international oil/gas well Well Completion Engineering of Oil Reservoirs, is oil gas
Well volume increase is played the role of vital.
Oriented perforation is to improve and improved the Perforating Techniques of well effect as the main purpose to protect oil-gas Layer.
Perforating bullet is conducive to improve perforating effect, increases the effective drainage area in reservoir, improve oil along stratum principal stress direction perforation
Gas production capacity.
Currently, oil pipe conveying and two kinds of gun perforation process of cable transfer of gyroscope orientation are widely used in oil/gas well Well Completion Engineering of Oil Reservoirs
Technology.Oil pipe conveys technique and rotates oil pipe mode using well head to adjust the position error of gyroscope measurement, and there are oil pipe resistances
Greatly, hole angle is excessive cannot use the technique；Also there is oil pipe and conveys long, expensive problem duty cycle.Cable transfer
Technique is measured using gyroscope or perforating gun carrier configuration gravity eccentricity clump weight is positioned, and gyroscope shock resistance is poor, is easy
Damage.Gravity eccentricity block is located in the smaller situation of hole angle and cannot use.There are also what is positioned using mechanical anchor device
Mode is easy to appear underground card plug accident, very risky.
Existing oil pipe conveying and cable transfer positioning method need 2--3 times lower well operations, and the construction operation time is long, expensive,
It is less economical.
The perforation trajectory degree of azimuth of existing various technical approach is not able to satisfy and penetrates according to that can survey uncontrollable or can not controllably survey
Hole technology development automation, intelligent, information-based needs.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning systems, and the system accurate positioning is reliable, drop
Low production cost.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling localization methods.
The first technical solution of the present invention is a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system, including successively
The PC machine and ground control box of connection, ground control box is sequentially connected school depth short circuit by single-core cable, observing and controlling guiding is shorted, is subtracted
Shake device, initiator and perforating gun, single-core cable are set in head harness, and head harness and school are shorted deeply and connect, and observing and controlling guiding is shorted
Interior to be equipped with orientation measuring system and power control system, orientation measuring system connects sensor, and power control system passes through intelligence
Motor connects firing mount, and firing mount is built in perforating gun.
The characteristics of the first technical solution of the present invention, also resides in,
Ground control box includes central processing unit, and central processing unit is separately connected RS485 communication module, communication instruction mould
Block, setup module, electric current display module, voltage display module, initial value display module, hole deviation display module, orientation display module,
Coding/decoding module A and cable interface module A.
It is both-way communication transmission between central processing unit and RS485 communication module, central processing unit and coding/decoding module.
Orientation measuring system includes that sequentially connected cable interface module B, coding/decoding module B, processor module, signal are put
Big Shaping Module and sensor, processor module are connect with power control system.
Sensor includes cylindrical steel cylinder, and the upper surface of steel cylinder is equipped with steel deck-plate, and the inside of steel cylinder is coaxially provided with cylinder
Insulation system, and the bottom surface of insulation system is hemisphere jut face, the inner sidewall of insulation system offers in circle a groove A, groove A
Equipped with a circle carbon film slip ring, the bottom center of insulation system, which offers, is equipped with a ring shape copper strips in circle a groove B, groove B,
Be equipped with steel ball in insulation system, be respectively equipped with binding post A, binding post B and binding post C on steel cylinder, binding post A and binding post B with
The connection of carbon film slip ring, binding post C and annular copper band connection.
Carbon film slip ring is equipped with opening, and the both ends of opening are separately connected binding post A and binding post B, and binding post C is connected to ring
At any point of shape copper strips.
Power control system includes sequentially connected intelligent electric machine control module, Intelligent driving module for electric motor, intelligent electric machine
Control module is connect with processor module.
Second of technical solution of the present invention is a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling localization method, detailed process
It is as follows：
Step 1, it is first determined use the perforating job of cable transfer mode；
Step 2, operation team determines the direction of deflection, perforated interval depth and perforation trajectory orientation；
Step 3, it in Ground Operation place, is positioned according to direction of deflection and the good perforating gun carrier of perforation trajectory orientation adjustment
Pin；
Step 4, in Ground Operation place, head harness, school is shorted deeply, observing and controlling guiding short circuit, damper, initiator, penetrated
Hole rifle assembles in place in sequence；
Step 5, lower well operations；
Step 6, PC machine and ground control box electrifying startup, operation PC machine carry out initial value adjusting to ground control box；
Step 7, school is shorted work deeply；
Step 8, process of going into the well lieutenant colonel is shorted deeply carries out depth of falling well detection, after depth arrival destination layer, stops going into the well；
Step 9, by single-core cable to underground for positive electricity；
Step 10, observing and controlling guiding is shorted starting, and observing and controlling guiding is shorted built-in orientation measuring system work, sensor output
Current low side electric signal successively transmits the signal to amplification Shaping Module, processor module, coding/decoding module B, cable interface
Module B, and it is uploaded to by single-core cable cable interface module A, coding/decoding module A, central processing unit in ground control box；
Step 11, central processing unit carries out operational analysis, exports the perforation trajectory bearing signal of current perforating gun, and orientation is aobvious
After showing that module is connected to signal, the current perforation trajectory bearing data of real-time display, if the current perforating bullet that orientation display module is shown
There are value of delta, PC machine work to input orientation adjustment data δ for the perforation trajectory bearing data that road bearing data and step 2 determine,
PC machine issues rotation control instruction and carries out at parsing after central processing unit is connected to rotation control instruction by RS485 communication module
Reason, under be transmitted to coding/decoding module A, cable interface module A, by be transmitted under single-core cable observing and controlling guiding be shorted；
Step 12, observing and controlling guiding is shorted built-in cable interface module B and is connected to rotation control instruction, by coding/decoding module
B is transferred to processor module, and processor module continues operation parsing, issues rotation control to intelligent electric machine control module and refers to
It enables, intelligent electric machine is controlled by Intelligent driving module for electric motor, the firing mount of perforating gun is driven to rotate；
Step 13, sensor and intelligent electric machine coaxial rotating, the low side electric signal that sensor detects is synchronous to be generated, synchronous
It is uploaded to ground control box, until being rotated in place, intelligent electric machine stops rotating, and the bearing data uploaded in real time at this time is aobvious in orientation
Show that module is shown, display orientation data are consistent with the perforation trajectory bearing data that step 2 determines on orientation display module, perforating bullet
Road positioning is completed.
The invention has the advantages that trajectory observing and controlling positioning system provided by the invention can be oriented without using conventional perforation
The method of used gravity clump weight and gyroscope orientation, and without down-hole mechanical anchoring device.By the above-mentioned means,
This observing and controlling positioning system ground control box and underground observing and controlling guiding are shorted data double-way real-time Transmission, realize that dynamic rotation underground is penetrated
Hole firing mount, perforation trajectory present orientation angular data real-time Transmission, real-time display, and perforation trajectory azimuth can be carried out real-time
The accurate positionin in perforation trajectory orientation is realized in measurement, real-time control.It is quasi- to can satisfy perforating job perforation trajectory in completion technique
True positioning requirements, a lower well operations, simple and convenient, automatic operation, when reducing perforation positioning operation program and shortening operation
Between, production efficiency improves, and operating cost substantially reduces.Observing and controlling perforation trajectory azimuth accuracy is high, make perforating bullet towards stratum most
Big stress direction increases oil-production capacity, cost efficiency, convenient for promoting the use of.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of connection schematic diagram of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the internal structure signal that observing and controlling guiding is shorted in a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the internal module connection signal of ground control box in a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 4 is orientation measuring system and power control system in a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system of the present invention
Connection schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of sensor in a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the top view of Fig. 5；
Fig. 7 is to carry out the low side position of working face using sensor in a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system of the present invention
The equivalent circuit diagram of measurement.
In figure, 1.PC machine；
2. ground control box, 2-1. central processing unit, 2-2.RS485 communication module, 2-3. communicate indicating module, 2-4. is set
Set module, 2-5. electric current display module, 2-6. voltage display module, 2-7. initial value display module, 2-8. hole deviation display module, 2-
9. orientation display module, 2-10. coding/decoding module A, 2-11. cable interface module A；
3. single-core cable, 4. perforating guns, 5. schools are shorted deeply, 6. observing and controlling guiding is shorted, 7. dampers, 8. initiators, 9. electricity
Cable interface module B, 10. coding/decoding module B, 11. processor modules, 12. signals amplify Shaping Module；
13. sensor, 13-1. steel cylinder, 13-2. steel deck-plate, 13-3. insulation system, 13-4. groove A, 13-5. carbon film are sliding
Ring, 13-6. groove B, 13-7. annular copper band, 13-8. binding post A, 13-9. binding post B, 13-10. binding post C, 13-11. are poly-
Acid imide paint, 13-12. steel ball；
14. intelligent electric machine control module, 15. Intelligent driving module for electric motor, 16. intelligent electric machines, 17.AC-DC module,
18.DC-DC module, 19. head harness.
Specific embodiment
The following describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, 2, including 1 He of sequentially connected PC machine
Ground control box 2, ground control box 2 is sequentially connected school depth short circuit 5 by single-core cable 3, observing and controlling guiding is shorted 6, damper 7,
Initiator 8 and perforating gun 4, single-core cable 3 are set in head harness 19, and head harness 19 is shorted 5 with school deeply and connect, and school is shorted 5 deeply
It is shorted 6 with observing and controlling guiding again to connect, school, which is shorted 5, observing and controlling guiding deeply and is shorted inside 6, damper 7, initiator 8 and perforating gun 4, to be led to
Cross the connection perforation of single-core cable 3.Observing and controlling guiding is shorted 6 data communication and power supply is completed by single-core cable 3.
Head harness 19 is to belong to the general mark in oil field for the Special connecting device between oil well logging instrument and logging cable
Standard apparatus.
Observing and controlling guiding is shorted the orientation measuring system and power control system for being equipped with and linking together in 6, azimuthal measurement system
System connection sensor 13, power control system connect (perforating gun) firing mount by intelligent electric machine 16, and firing mount is built in perforating gun 4
It is interior.Perforating bullet rack is without eccentric gravity clump weight.
As shown in figure 3, ground control box 2 includes central processing unit 2-1, central processing unit 2-1 is separately connected RS485 communication
Module 2-2, communication indicating module 2-3, setup module 2-4, electric current display module 2-5, voltage display module 2-6, initial value are shown
Module 2-7, hole deviation display module 2-8, orientation display module 2-9, coding/decoding module A2-10 and cable interface module A2-11.
Central processing unit 2-1, RS485 communication module 2-2, communication indicating module 2-3, setup module 2-4, electric current show mould
Block 2-5, voltage display module 2-6, initial value display module 2-7, hole deviation display module 2-8, orientation display module 2-9, encoding and decoding
Modules A 2-10 and cable interface module A2-11 are integrated on same circuit board, the circuit system of the circuit board using DSP and
The combo architectures of CPLD.
Ground control box 2 is powered by AC-DC module 17, AC-DC module 17, for being converted to directly mains 220V
Flowing 150V ,+5V, direct current 150V is supplied to cable interface module A2-11 as direct current centrally connected power supply by single-core cable 3, direct current+
5V is for ground control box 2 except other modules of cable interface module A2-11 provide power supply.
It is between central processing unit 2-1 and RS485 communication module 2-2, central processing unit 2-1 and coding/decoding module 2-10
Both-way communication transmission.
RS485 communication module 2-2 passes order according to serial communication for receiving the control command of the transmission of PC machine 1
It is analyzed and processed by RS485 communication module 2-2 reading central processing unit 2-2 to CPU module or PC machine 1
Target data realizes that PC machine 1 exchanges communication function with the half-duplex data between 2 two equipment of ground control box.
Communicate indicating module 2-3, for monitoring whether central processing unit 2-1 carries out communication work, if having communication signal into
Out, communication control status indicator lamp flashes.
Setup module 2-4, for storing and modifying initial parameter, to central processing unit 2-1 offer configuration information and initially
Change, store observing and controlling finder, store average information, data collection cycle temporal frequency is arranged in modularization design logic, and can
It modifies；
Coding/decoding module A2-10, it is tone coded for solve the direct current carrier signal for inputting central processing unit 2-1, or
The central processing unit 2-1 data-signal exported is decoded modulation, the model CY37000 that coding/decoding module A2-10 is used.
Central processing unit 2-1 is sent to initial value display module 2-7 for reading setup module 2-4 configuration signal；It receives
1 control command of PC machine carries out dissection process, generates corresponding control signal and is sent to coding/decoding module A2-10, passes through single-core cable
3, which are transmitted to underground observing and controlling guiding, is shorted 6；The downhole data transmitted on after coding/decoding module A2-10 processing is read, and is carried out
Analysis processing；Analysis treated voltage, electric current, hole deviation, bearing data is sent to voltage display module 2-6, electric current shows mould
Block 2-5, hole deviation display module 2-8, orientation display module 2-9；Central processing unit 2-1 uses 87C51 (MPU) single-chip microcontroller；
Cable interface module A2-11, for separating power supply signal, receiving or upload coding/decoding module A2-10, treated
Data information；
Voltage display module 2-6 shows after processing, selects for receiving the information of voltage of central processing unit 2-1 transmission
RT12864 LCD MODULE；
Electric current display module 2-5 shows after processing, selects for receiving the current information of central processing unit 2-1 transmission
RT12864 LCD MODULE；
Hole deviation display module 2-8 shows after processing, selects for receiving the hole deviation information of central processing unit 2-1 transmission
RT12864 LCD MODULE；
Orientation display module 2-9 shows after processing, selects for receiving the azimuth information of central processing unit 2-1 transmission
RT12864 LCD MODULE；
Initial value display module 2-7 shows after processing, selects for receiving the Initial Information of central processing unit 2-1 transmission
RT12864 LCD MODULE；
School is shorted 5 deeply and belongs to oil field fexible unit, built-in magnetic locator, for exporting school depth electromagnetic signal.
As shown in figure 4, orientation measuring system includes sequentially connected cable interface module B9, coding/decoding module B10, processing
Device module 11, signal amplification Shaping Module 12 and sensor 13, processor module 11 are connect with power control system.
Power control system includes sequentially connected intelligent electric machine control module 14, Intelligent driving module for electric motor 15, intelligence
Motor drive module 15 connects intelligent electric machine 16, and intelligent electric machine control module 14 is connect with processor module 11.
Power control system and orientation measuring system circuit hardware are integrated on same circuit board, the system on the circuit board
Circuit uses the combo architectures of DSP and FPGA.
Intelligent electric machine 16, is the DC servo intelligent electric machine that can be carried out automatically controlling, and low current large torque passes through intelligence
The armature keyway of motor 16 connects perforating gun carrier, drives the rotation of perforating bullet rack coaxial synchronous；
DC-DC module 18, for provided for sensor 13, orientation measuring system, intelligent electric machine 16, power control system+
5V and+24V DC power supply.
Cable interface module B9 receives or uploads coding/decoding module A10 treated data letter for separating power supply signal
Breath；
Coding/decoding module B10, it is tone coded for solve the direct current carrier signal of input processor module 11, or will place
The data-signal that reason device module 11 exports is decoded modulation, and coding/decoding module B10 uses AT89S52；
Processor module 11, for receiving the signal for passing through signal amplification Shaping Module 12 treated sensor 13, point
After analysis processing, it is sent to ground control box 2；Read the PC machine 1 transmitted after coding/decoding module B10 processing or ground control box 2
Control command carries out dissection process；Control command is sent to intelligent electric machine control module 14；Processor module 11 uses
TMS320F2808；
Processor module 11 is when intelligent electric machine 16 rotates, the low side signals arrived according to real-time reception, in conjunction with the first of reading
Value information carries out operational analysis, constantly relatively, issues control command.
Signal amplification Shaping Module 12 meets processor module 11 and patrols for amplifying the electric signal of sensor 13
The input of volume level needs, and the electric signal of sensor 13 is carried out shaping deburring, reaches the sampling of processor module 11 identification and arteries and veins
The needs of width are rushed, signal amplifies shaping and selects AD7656；
Intelligent electric machine control module 14, for receiving the control command of processor module 11, and dissection process is sent to intelligence
It can motor drive module 15；
Intelligent driving module for electric motor 15 is ordered for receiving intelligent electric machine control module 14, and driving intelligent electric machine 16 rotates
Or intelligent electric machine 16 stops operating, and selects DRV8833；
Damper 7 belongs to oil field fexible unit, for reducing impact of the perforation explosion time to observing and controlling guiding short circuit 6, protection
Observing and controlling guiding is shorted internal unit, plays cushioning effect.
Initiator belongs to 8 and receives fuze after the completion of perforation positioning in oil field fexible unit, and detonate perforating bullet.
Perforating gun 4 belongs to oil field fexible unit, is the assembly tool for complete well, built-in perforating gun carrier and perforation
Bullet.
As shown in Figure 5,6, sensor 13 uses low side measurement sensor, and specific structure includes cylindrical steel cylinder 13-1, steel
The upper surface of cylinder 13-1 is equipped with steel deck-plate 13-2, and the inside of steel cylinder 13-1 is coaxially provided with cylindrical insulation system 13-3, and insulate
The bottom surface of structure 13-3 is hemisphere jut face, and the inner sidewall of insulation system 13-3 offers circle a groove A13-4, groove A13-4
It is inside equipped with a circle carbon film slip ring 13-5, the bottom center of insulation system 13-3 offers circle a groove B13-6, groove B13-6
It is inside equipped in ring shape a copper strips 13-7, insulation system 13-3 and is equipped with steel ball 13-12, be respectively equipped with binding post on steel cylinder 13-1
A13-8, binding post B13-9 and binding post C13-10, binding post A13-8 and binding post B13-9 are connect with carbon film slip ring 13-5, are connect
Terminal C13-10 is connect with annular copper band 13-7.
It uses and is threadedly coupled between steel deck-plate 13-2 and steel cylinder 13-1.
The material of insulation system 13-3 is polyamide 66.
Carbon film slip ring 13-5 is equipped with opening, and the both ends of opening are separately connected binding post A13-8 and binding post B13-9, connect
Terminal C13-10 is connected at any point of annular copper with 13-7.Binding post A13-8, binding post B13-9, binding post C13-10
Power connecting column be copper product.One end of binding post A13-8 and one end of binding post B13-9 are open with carbon film slip ring 13-5 respectively
The both ends at place connect, and offer through-hole A on the side wall of steel cylinder 13-1, the other end of binding post A13-8 and binding post B13-9's
The other end, which sequentially passes through insulation system 13-3 and stretches out steel cylinder 13-1 by A, exposes receiving electrode.The bottom of steel cylinder 13-1 is equipped with logical
One end of hole 13-B, binding post C13-10 and annular copper band 13-7 a little at connection, the other end of binding post C13-10 is successively
Steel cylinder 13-1, which is stretched out, across the bottom of insulation system 13-3 and through-hole B exposes receiving electrode.Pass through polyamides Asia at through-hole A and through-hole B
Amine paint 13-11 filling sealing.
The inner surface of carbon film slip ring 13-5 is recessed inwardly, and keeps the outer wall of the inner surface and steel ball 13-2 of carbon film slip ring 13-5 proper
Good fitting.
The surface of steel ball 13-12 is smooth gold-plated.And steel ball 13-12 is ultraprecise steel ball.
During petroleum industry directed drilling, in order to can be effectively controlled well track, it is necessary to hole deviation, orientation, tool-face
Etc. parameters have accurate measurement.In non-magnetic environment, these parameters usually are completed to measure by directional tool.Directional tool is defeated
The angle parameter that data will be converted into drilling engineering technical staff needs out has to pass through coordinate transform, transformed parametric form
It is just hole deviation, orientation, gravity toolface angle and Magnetic tools face angle.It is defined as follows：
(1) hole angle β, the angle between hole axis and vertical line, vertical direction hole angle are 0 °, horizontal direction hole deviation
Angle is 90 °.The range of hole angle is 0 °~180 °.
(2) azimuth angle alpha, the angle in earth magnetic north direction and wellbore floor projection direction, magnetic north direction and real north are not
Together, and the magnetic declination of each department is not also identical.Azimuth changes between 0 °~360 °.When hole deviation is 0 °, azimuth
It can not just determine.
(3) gravity toolface angle is also flash tool face azimuth (GTF), is to overlook wellbore direction instrument angle towards relatively
In the right handed angle of wellbore flash, it is understood that be flash direction line be initial line, move clockwise to tool-face
The angle turned over the intersection of shaft bottom disk；Flash tool face azimuth changes between 0 °~360 °, high when hole deviation is 0 °
Side tool face azimuth is uncertain
(4) Magnetic tools face angle is to overlook wellbore direction instrument angle direction and the angle between magnetic north direction.Magnetic work
Tool face angle (MTF) changes between 0 °~360 °.When borehole axis direction is just in the pole of the earth, Magnetic tools face angle is also
It can not measure.
By aforementioned four measurement parameter it is found that the significance of tool face azimuth parameter, highest point is flash above tool-face,
Minimum point is exactly low side below corresponding tool-face, this it is low while be sensor 13 measure it is low while position.
The method for using the sensor 13 to measure is specifically comprises the following steps：
Step 1, binding post A13-8 is connected into direct current, and binding post A13-8 by conducting wire with binding post B13-9 respectively
Anode is connect, binding post B13-9 connects cathode, using binding post C13-10 as measuring electrode；
Step 2, by steel cylinder 13-1 slant setting, steel ball 13-12 is still at the minimum point in steel cylinder 13-1, passes through steel ball
The outer surface of 13-12 is contacted with carbon film slip ring 13-5 and annular copper band 13-7 simultaneously, that is, passes through steel ball 13-12 for binding post A13-
8, binding post B13-9 and binding post C13-10 conducting, and electric signal is exported by binding post C13-10；
Step 3, the electric signal exported according to step 2, determines the position on low side.
Detailed process is as follows for step 3：
Carbon film slip ring 13-5 and binding post A13-8, binding post B13-9 are equivalent to the variable resistance, equivalent circuit such as Fig. 7
Shown, carbon film slip ring 13-5 is resistance, and steel ball 13-12 is in contacting points position different on carbon film slip ring 13-5, is equivalent to cunning
Movable contact；
When carbon film slip ring 13-5 is as divider, carbon film slip ring 13-5 is high and low, sliding end output voltage uses UH, UL respectively,
UW is indicated；
When carbon film slip ring 13-5 is as adjustable resistor, carbon film slip ring 13-5 is high-end to low side all-in resistance and sliding end to low
End resistance is indicated with R, RW respectively
Following formula (1) can be obtained according to Ohm's law：
(UH-UL)/R=UW/RW (1)；
By above-mentioned formula (1) it is found that RW resistance value and sliding point are directly proportional in the physical location of carbon film slip ring, the ratio of resistance value
Rate is consistent with position ratio of the sliding end on carbon film slip ring, and under temperature variations, R/RW ratio is constant；By formula (1)
It is found that can obtain resistance R/RW ratio according to output voltage (UH-UL)/UW ratio, slided further according to resistance R/RW ratio
Hold the specific location on carbon film slip ring.
Binding post C13-10 is connect with signal amplification Shaping Module 12, binding post A8 ground connection, the steel cylinder 13- in sensor 13
1, which is mounted on observing and controlling guiding with 16 coaxial line of intelligent electric machine, is shorted in 6.
Sensor 13 measures the embodiment of low side position
When actually using low side sensor, low side sensor steel cylinder 13-1 outer wall binding post A13-8 is defined as at 0 point
Then position is that starting point etches 360 degree of circumference to binding post B13-9 suspension column point steel cylinder 13-1 outer wall counterclockwise along 0 point, scale
1 degree of line interval.Detailed process is as follows：
(1) binding post A8 meets 0V, and binding post B9 meets+5V；
5V=5000Mv,
5000Mv ÷ 360 degree=13.89Mv/ degree
If output voltage when measuring certain position locating for steel ball 13-12 is 200Mv, where low side position be
200 ÷ 13.89=14.4 degree can determine the specific point on the low side in slip ring face under this state on graduation mark
14.4 at degree.
(2) if the resistance for measuring entire carbon film slip ring 13-5 is 1K Ω, binding post A13-8 meets 0V, and binding post B13-9 connects
+ 5V, the i.e. Ω of R=1K Ω=1000,
(UH-UL)=(5-0)=5V=5000Mv,
If low side output voltage when measuring certain position locating for steel ball 13-12 is 350Mv,
That is UW=350Mv,
According to formula (UH-UL)/R=UW/RW, 5000Mv/1000 Ω=350Mv/RW can be obtained
RW=70 Ω,
Ω=0.07 RW/R=70 Ω/1000
Because RW resistance value and sliding point are directly proportional in the physical location of resistance band, carbon film slip ring 13-5 mono- week total resistance value is 1000
Ω, present steel ball are located at 0.07 that binding post A13-8 point is starting point one week,
360 degree × 0.07=25.2 degree can determine the specific of the low side in slip ring face of carbon film slip ring 13-5 under this state
Position is at 25.2 degree on graduation mark.
The present invention also provides the trajectory observing and controlling localization methods of above-mentioned trajectory observing and controlling positioning system, specifically include following step
Suddenly：
Step 1, it is first determined use the perforating job of cable transfer mode；
Step 2, operation team determines the direction of deflection, perforated interval depth and perforation trajectory orientation；
Step 3, it in Ground Operation place, is positioned according to direction of deflection and the good perforating gun carrier of perforation trajectory orientation adjustment
Pin；
Step 4, in Ground Operation place, head harness 19, school is shorted 5, observing and controlling guiding deeply and are shorted 6, damper 7, detonation
Device 8, perforating gun 4 assemble in place in sequence；
Step 5, lower well operations；
Step 6,2 electrifying startup of PC machine 1 and ground control box, operation PC machine 1 carry out initial value adjusting to ground control box 2
(routine operation that this step is petroleum industry)；
Step 7, school is shorted 5 work deeply；
Step 8, process of going into the well lieutenant colonel is shorted 5 progress depth of falling well detections deeply and stops going into the well after depth reaches destination layer；
Step 9, by single-core cable 3 to underground for positive electricity；
Step 10, observing and controlling guiding is shorted 6 startings, and observing and controlling guiding is shorted the orientation measuring system work built in 6, and (low side) passes
Sensor 13 exports current low side electric signal, and amplification Shaping Module 12, processor module 11, encoding and decoding will be successively transferred to signal
Module B10, cable interface module B9, and by single-core cable 3 be uploaded to cable interface module A2-11 in ground control box 2,
Coding/decoding module A2-10, central processing unit 2-1；
Step 11, central processing unit 2-1 carries out operational analysis, exports the perforation trajectory bearing signal of current perforating gun 4, side
After position display module 2-9 is connected to signal, the current perforation trajectory bearing data of real-time display, if what orientation display module 2-9 was shown
There are value of delta, PC1 work to input orientation tune for the perforation trajectory bearing data that current perforation trajectory bearing data and step 2 determine
Entire data δ, PC machine 1 issue rotation control instruction, and central processing unit 2-1 is connected to rotation control by RS485 communication module 2-2 and refers to
After order, carry out dissection process, under be transmitted to coding/decoding module A2-10, cable interface module A2-11, by being transmitted under single-core cable 3
Observing and controlling guiding is shorted 6；
Step 12, the cable interface module B9 that observing and controlling guiding is shorted built in 6 is connected to rotation control instruction, by encoding and decoding mould
Block B10 is transferred to processor module 11, and processor module 11 continues operation parsing, issues to intelligent electric machine control module 14
Control instruction is rotated, firing mount rotation (the intelligence electricity that intelligent electric machine 16 drives perforating gun 4 is controlled by Intelligent driving module for electric motor 15
The motor shaft of machine 16 is connect with the firing mount of perforating gun 4)；
Step 13,16 coaxial rotating of sensor 13 and intelligent electric machine, the low side electric signal that sensor 13 detects is synchronous to be produced
Raw, synchronized upload to ground control box 2, until being rotated in place, intelligent electric machine 16 stops rotating, the orientation number uploaded in real time at this time
It is shown according in orientation display module 2-9, the perforation trajectory side that display orientation data and step 2 determine on orientation display module 2-9
Position data are consistent, and the positioning of perforation trajectory is completed；
Step 14, the positive electricity of single-core cable 3 is closed；
Step 15, perforating job team confirmation positioning work is completed, and is prepared starting initiator 8 and is started perforating job；
Step 16, by single-core cable 3 to underground for negative electricity, initiator 8 detonates.
Trajectory observing and controlling localization method embodiment
Pacify the border region in extension oil field quiet -- 58-xx wells are oriented perforating job
This well uses 3 mode of movement perforation of single-core cable, positions system using oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling provided by the invention
System carries out perforation orientation；
After operation team reaches the well location, the job requirements book that oil field Party A issues is obtained, it is desirable that have in book quiet -- 58-xx
Well hole deviation data table has hole angle corresponding to well depth (points of degree), azimuth (points of degree) data, and the requirement of operation book in table：
For oriented perforating section at 2880 meters of well depth, oriented perforating orientation is 28 degree 50 points of north by east；
From operation book find 2880 meters of at this hole angle (points of degree) be 9.83 °, azimuth (points of degree) is 92.47 °, is made
Industry team according in the past using the conventional oriented perforating method of gyroscope measurement by perforating gun carrier according to 28 degree 50 points of north by east
It is required that adjusting positioning pin angle；
Then, operation team is in shaft mouth operation place, by head harness 19, school be shorted deeply 5, observing and controlling guiding be shorted 6, damper 7,
Initiator 8, perforating gun 4 assemble in place in sequence；
Work of going into the well lifts by crane single-core cable 3, starts downhole hardware and vertically descends well operations；
Perforation trajectory measurement and control instrument operator gives PC machine 1 and ground control box 2 electrifying startup, opens PC machine perforation trajectory and surveys
System software is controlled, input requires calculating according to hole deviation, orientation and 28 degree 50 of north by east sub-perforation in initial value adjusting box column
Initial value, ground control box carries out initial value adjusting at this time；
During going into the well, in addition oil field standard universal device that operation team configures -- school depth system work；
School is shorted 5 deeply and carries out depth detection；After depth reaches 2880 meters of destination layers, stop lower well operations；
Perforation trajectory measurement and control instrument operator is by single-core cable 3 to underground for 150V positive electricity；
Observing and controlling guiding in underground is shorted 6 startings, and built-in orientation measuring system work, (low side) sensor 13 exports current low
Side electric signal is successively uploaded to signal amplification Shaping Module 12, processor module 11, coding/decoding module B10, cable interface module
B9, and cable interface module A2-11, coding/decoding module A2-10, center in ground control box 2 are uploaded to by single-core cable 3
Processor 2-1；
Central processing unit 2-1 carries out operational analysis, exports current perforation trajectory bearing signal, orientation display module 2-9 connects
To after signal, the current perforation trajectory bearing data of real-time display, reading the data is 50 degree 50 points, the data and perforating job institute
There are 22 degree of difference, perforation trajectory measurement and control instrument operator operates 1 observing and controlling of PC machine in 28 degree 50 points of the perforation trajectory orientation of setting
System controlling software is 22 degree according to the difference of current perforation trajectory bearing data and set perforation trajectory bearing data,
Orientation adjustment data are inputted in 1 orientation adjustment box column of PC machine：- 22 (TT&C software default+xx is to rotate clockwise xx and drag out a miserable existence
Enable ,-xx drags out a miserable existence for rotation xx counterclockwise and enables), rotation control instruction is issued, central processing unit 2-1 passes through RS485 communication module 2-
2 be connected to rotation control instruction after, carry out dissection process, under be transmitted to coding/decoding module A2-10, cable interface module A2-11, pass through
It is transmitted to observing and controlling guiding in underground under single-core cable 3 and is shorted 6；
The cable interface module B9 that observing and controlling guiding is shorted built in 6 is connected to rotation control instruction, passes by coding/decoding module B10
It is defeated by processor module 11, processor module 11 continues operation parsing, issues counterclockwise to intelligent electric machine control module 14
Control instruction is rotated, intelligent electric machine 16 is controlled by Intelligent driving module for electric motor 15, the firing mount of perforating gun 4 is driven to rotate counterclockwise；
16 coaxial rotating of sensor 13 and intelligent electric machine, the low side electric signal that sensor 13 detects is synchronous to be generated, synchronous
It uploads, until being rotated in place, intelligent electric machine 16 stops rotating, and the bearing data uploaded in real time at this time is in orientation display module 2-9
Upper display, read the data be 28 degree 00 point (oil field perforation homework precision requirement error within ± 3 degree, this error be due to
The measurement accuracy error of sensor)；
Display data meet the preset perforation trajectory bearing data of operation book, and error meets perforation positioning operation and wants
It asks, positioning operation is completed；
Trajectory measurement and control instrument operator reports that operation team leader signs after confirmation to operation team leader, is closing single-core cable 3 just
Electricity；
Various processes before perforating job team detonates again according to standard operating procedure inspection prepare starting initiator and start to penetrate
Hole operation；By single-core cable 3 to underground for negative electricity, initiator 8 detonates, and makes tranquil -- and 58-xx well oriented perforating operations are completed
A kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system of the present invention has the following advantages that compared with prior art：
1. the present invention is shorted built-in orientation measuring system using underground observing and controlling guiding, it is real-time to realize perforation trajectory orientation
Measurement, does not need to have evaded the risk that gyroscope shock resistance is poor, and instrument is easily damaged using Conventional gyroscopes technology interception.
2. observing and controlling guiding of the present invention is shorted the design of ontology anti-seismic structure, and connects perforating gun by damper, reduces and penetrate
Operation blast impulse in hole can be recycled after the completion of operation and repeatedly be used.
3. the present invention is shorted built-in power control system control motor using underground observing and controlling guiding and drives perforating gun carrier
360 ° of rotations, realize the orientation real-time control of perforation trajectory.Do not need using conventional perforation bullet frame eccentrically mounted weight mode into
Row azimuthal orientation has evaded clump weight orientation vulnerable to oil well bevel angle influence, and the shortcomings that be unable to real-time measurement present orientation；
4. the present invention is shorted built-in azimuth angle measurement system and power control system using underground observing and controlling guiding, one is only needed
It plows to go into the well and perforating job can be completed, compared with conventional method operation of going into the well, reduce manpower and material resources, improve operation work efficiency,
Save activity duration and expense；
5. the present invention is shorted using ground control box and underground observing and controlling guiding realizes the two-way reality of perforation trajectory bearing data
When communicate, data stabilization is reliable, and perforation trajectory orientation is measurable and controllable, realize perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning operation it is information-based, from
Dynamicization, intelligence.
6. the present invention is shorted the firing mount dynamic rotation in control perforating gun using observing and controlling guiding, perforation trajectory orientation is realized
Accurate reliable location ensure that perforation orientation accurate directive stratum principal stress direction, improve oil-production capacity, and effect of increasing production is obvious.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system, it is characterised in that：It is controlled including sequentially connected PC machine (1) and ground
Case (2), ground control box (2) are sequentially connected school by single-core cable (3) and are shorted (5), observing and controlling guiding short circuit (6), damper deeply
(7), initiator (8) and perforating gun (4), single-core cable (3) are set in head harness (19), and head harness (19) and school are shorted deeply
(5) it connects, observing and controlling guiding, which is shorted in (6), is equipped with orientation measuring system and power control system, the orientation measuring system connection
Sensor (13), the power control system connect firing mount by intelligent electric machine (16), and the firing mount is built in perforating gun (4)
It is interior.
2. a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The ground control
Case (2) includes central processing unit (2-1), and central processing unit (2-1) is separately connected RS485 communication module (2-2), communication instruction mould
Block (2-3), setup module (2-4), electric current display module (2-5), voltage display module (2-6), initial value display module (2-7),
Hole deviation display module (2-8), orientation display module (2-9), coding/decoding module A (2-10) and cable interface module A (2-11).
3. a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The central processing
It is both-way communication between device (2-1) and RS485 communication module (2-2), central processing unit (2-1) and coding/decoding module (2-10)
Transmission.
4. a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The azimuthal measurement
System include sequentially connected cable interface module B (9), coding/decoding module B (10), processor module (11), signal amplification it is whole
Shape module (12) and sensor (13), processor module (11) are connect with the power control system.
5. a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The sensor
It (13) include cylindrical steel cylinder (13-1), the upper surface of steel cylinder (13-1) is equipped with steel deck-plate (13-2), the inside of steel cylinder (13-1)
It is coaxially provided with cylindrical insulation system (13-3), and the bottom surface of insulation system (13-3) is hemisphere jut face, insulation system (13-
3) inner sidewall offers a circle groove A (13-4), and circle carbon film slip ring (13-5), insulation system are equipped in groove A (13-4)
The bottom center of (13-3) offers a circle groove B (13-6), is equipped with a ring shape copper strips (13-7) in groove B (13-6),
It is equipped with steel ball (13-12) in insulation system (13-3), is respectively equipped with binding post A (13-8), binding post B (13- on steel cylinder (13-1)
9) and binding post C (13-10), binding post A (13-8) and binding post B (13-9) are connect with carbon film slip ring (13-5), binding post C
(13-10) is connect with annular copper band (13-7).
6. a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The carbon film slip ring
(13-5) is equipped with opening, and the both ends of the opening are separately connected binding post A (13-8) and binding post B (13-9), binding post C
(13-10) is connected at any point of annular copper band (13-7).
7. a kind of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The dynamic Control
System includes sequentially connected intelligent electric machine control module (14), Intelligent driving module for electric motor (15), Intelligent driving module for electric motor
(15) intelligent electric machine (16) are connected, intelligent electric machine control module (14) is connect with processor module (11).
8. using a kind of observing and controlling localization method of oil well perforation trajectory observing and controlling positioning system described in claim 1~7, feature
It is：Specifically include following process：
Step 1, it is first determined use the perforating job of cable transfer mode；
Step 2, operation team determines the direction of deflection, perforated interval depth and perforation trajectory orientation；
Step 3, in Ground Operation place, according to direction of deflection and the good perforating gun carrier positioning pin of perforation trajectory orientation adjustment；
Step 4, in Ground Operation place, head harness (19), school are shorted (5) deeply, observing and controlling guiding be shorted (6), damper (7),
Initiator (8), perforating gun (4) assemble in place in sequence；
Step 5, lower well operations；
Step 6, PC machine (1) and ground control box (2) electrifying startup, it is whole that operation PC machine (1) carries out initial value to ground control box (2)
It is fixed；
Step 7, school is shorted (5) work deeply；
Step 8, process of going into the well lieutenant colonel is shorted (5) progress depth of falling well detection deeply and stops going into the well after depth reaches destination layer；
Step 9, by single-core cable (3) to underground for positive electricity；
Step 10, observing and controlling guiding is shorted (6) starting, and observing and controlling guiding is shorted the orientation measuring system work built in (6), sensor
(13) current low side electric signal is exported, successively by the electric signal transmission to amplification Shaping Module (12), processor module (11), volume
Decoder module B (10), cable interface module B (9), and connect by the cable that single-core cable (3) are uploaded in ground control box (2)
Mouth modules A (2-11), coding/decoding module A (2-10), central processing unit (2-1)；
Step 11, central processing unit (2-1) carries out operational analysis, exports the perforation trajectory bearing signal of current perforating gun (4), side
After position display module (2-9) is connected to signal, the current perforation trajectory bearing data of real-time display, if orientation display module (2-9) is aobvious
For the perforation trajectory bearing data that the current perforation trajectory bearing data and step 2 shown determines there are value of delta, PC machine (1) work is defeated
Enter orientation adjustment data δ, PC machine (1) issues rotation control instruction, and central processing unit (2-1) passes through RS485 communication module (2-2)
Be connected to rotation control instruction after, carry out dissection process, under be transmitted to coding/decoding module A (2-10), cable interface module A (2-11),
(6) are shorted by being transmitted to observing and controlling guiding under single-core cable (3)；
Step 12, the cable interface module B (9) that observing and controlling guiding is shorted built in (6) is connected to rotation control instruction, by encoding and decoding mould
Block B (10) is transferred to processor module (11), and processor module (11) continues operation parsing, gives intelligent electric machine control module
(14) rotation control instruction is issued, perforating gun (4) are driven by Intelligent driving module for electric motor (15) control intelligent electric machine (16)
Firing mount rotation；
Step 13, sensor (13) and intelligent electric machine (16) coaxial rotating, the low side electric signal that sensor (13) detects are synchronous
It generates, synchronized upload to ground control box (2), until being rotated in place, intelligent electric machine (16) stops rotating, and uploads in real time at this time
Bearing data shows that display orientation data and step 2 are determined on orientation display module (2-9) at orientation display module (2-9)
Perforation trajectory bearing data is consistent, and the positioning of perforation trajectory is completed.
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| CN111999594A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2020-11-27 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Cable breakpoint positioner in perforating gun and positioning method thereof |
| CN112502676A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-16 | 西安物华巨能爆破器材有限责任公司 | Control instrument for motor-driven orientation perforating technology |
| CN113389529A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-09-14 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Cable conveying oil pipe perforating device |
| CN113550721A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-26 | 尹祖龙 | Coal bed gas perforation process and device thereof |
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| CN113389529A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2021-09-14 | 中石化石油工程技术服务有限公司 | Cable conveying oil pipe perforating device |
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| CN113550721A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-10-26 | 尹祖龙 | Coal bed gas perforation process and device thereof |
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| CN112502676A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-16 | 西安物华巨能爆破器材有限责任公司 | Control instrument for motor-driven orientation perforating technology |
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