CN108784886B - 用于腹股沟疝修补的假体 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于修补腹股沟疝缺陷的假体(1),包括:生物相容性材料片件(2),具有预成型的三维形状,所述片件包含:‑第一部分(3),形成被塑形且设定尺寸以便基本上符合前腹壁的形状的部分球形盖表面(8),‑第二部分(4),从所述第一部分的下方边缘延伸且形成被塑形且设定尺寸以便基本上符合腰大肌的形状的波形壁(9),所述假体的特征在于所述片件(2)进一步包括:第三部分(5),形成从所述第一部分的内侧下方角落(3a)在下方方向上纵向延伸的拱形部分(10),所述拱形部分基本上在前方向上径向延伸,所述第三部分旨在面对腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于腹股沟疝修补的预成型的三维假体。
背景技术
在本申请中,假体的元件的“内侧”端部或部分应被理解为意指当将假体植入到人体中时位于人体的中间平面的方向上的元件的端部或部分。假体的元件的“橫向”端部或部分应被理解为意指当将假体植入到人体中时位于人体的向外橫向平面的方向上的元件的端部或部分。同样地,在本申请中,“内侧方向”应被理解为意指朝向所述中间平面的方向,且所述“横向方向”与所述“内侧方向”相对,内侧方向与橫向方向在同一轴线—内侧横向轴线上对准。在本申请中,假体的元件的“上方”端部或部分应被理解为意指当将假体植入到人体中时基本上位于人体的头部的方向上的元件的端部或部分。假体的元件的“下方”端部或部分应被理解为意指当将假体植入到人体中时位于人体的足部的方向上的元件的端部或部分。同样地,在本申请中,“上方方向”应被理解为意指朝向所述头部的方向且所述“下方方向”与所述“上方方向”相对,所述上方方向与所述下方方向在同一轴线—上方下方轴线上对准。在本申请中,假体的元件的“前”端部或部分应被理解为意指当将假体植入到人体中时基本上位于人体的前部的方向上的元件的端部或部分。假体的元件的“后”端部或部分应被理解为意指当将假体植入到人体中时位于人体的后部的方向上的元件的端部或部分。同样地,在本申请中,“前方向”应被理解为意指朝向所述前部的方向且所述“后方向”与所述“前方向”相对,所述前方向与所述后方向在同一轴线—前后轴线上对准。
人类的腹壁由脂肪与通过筋膜互联的肌肉构成。有时筋膜的连续性会发生断裂,从而使得腹膜的部分滑入且形成含有脂肪或肠的部分的囊或疝。疝或切口疝(穿过腔壁手术疤痕出现的疝)自身展示呈皮肤的表面处的凸出的形式且例如取决于其所位于的部位而分类为脐疝或腹股沟疝。
举例来说,用于腹壁的壁增强假体广泛地用于手术中。这些假体旨在通过暂时或永久性地填充组织缺陷来治疗疝。这些假体一般由生物相容性假体织物制成且可具有数个形状,例如矩形、圆形或椭圆形,这取决于其所要适应的解剖结构。这些假体中的一些可展示出三维形状。
实际上,当将治疗腹股沟疝时,特别重要的是要考虑腹股沟区的解剖结构,尤其是髂血管的存在。另外,当患者是男性时,在定位假体时需要考虑精索。待考虑的各种解剖器官赋予待治疗的腹股沟区三维形状。另外,腹股沟区的形状不对称,旨在用于治疗腹股沟疝的假体的形状将取决于待治疗的人体的侧面(右或左)。在此视图中,一旦假体植入到患者的身体中,用于治疗腹股沟疝的假体的形状可相关于假体的位置来限定。举例来说,在植入配置中,用于治疗腹股沟疝的三维假体可包括如上文所限定的内侧部分、橫向部分、上方部分、下方部分、前部部分和后部部分。
参考图1,其上指示有内侧横向轴线A和上方下方轴线B,图1展示用于人体的右手侧的腹股沟区的前回向腔壁空间;换言之,从位于人体的后侧的视角展示腹股沟区,例如从腹腔的内部展示但其中为清晰起见腹膜未展示在图上,且朝向人体的前侧观看,换言之在人体的腹部皮肤的方向上观看。一个人可:
-在人体的前侧的方向上看到形成腹部的前腹壁的部分的腹直肌116和横向肌肉118,
-在所述人体的横向侧的方向上看到腰大肌112、髂血管111和精索120的要素,
-在人体的内侧下方侧的方向上看到耻骨117的上部部分。
在图1上,以虚线表示用于出现在腹股沟区中的潜在性疝的三个部位:腹股沟斜疝,在图1上展示为虚线圆圈122,主要出现在腹股沟区的橫向区域中:所述腹股沟疝是当腹膜的有可能含有腹部内脏的一部分(未展示但位于图1与观看图1的人之间)穿过腹股沟管的孔口时引起的腹股沟的隆起。有必要将腹膜且有可能将腹部内脏推回腹腔的方向,且在腹膜与腹股沟管的孔口之间放置屏障,即假体。在图1上展示为虚线圆圈119的直疝主要出现在腹股沟区的内侧区域中。在图1上展示为虚线圆圈121的股疝主要出现在腹股沟区的内侧下方区域中。
应注意,在图1中,上文所描述的要素并非全部在同一空间平面中,但实际上布置成从上方橫向角落到下方内侧角落的倾斜布置。在腹股沟疝的状况下,在缩减疝之后所植入的假体必须通过适应所述区的轮廓且通过尊重腹股沟区的倾斜来确保对待治疗的直疝、斜疝或股疝的令人满意的覆盖,如果可能的话不留下任何空的空间。
当通过腹腔镜检查进行手术以用于修补腹股沟疝时,可使用两条路线将假体带到植入位点,即腹股沟区。举例来说,根据第一手术方法,即经腹腹膜前路线(TAPP),所述假体首先通过套管针被输送到腹腔;腹膜接着打开且假体通过贯穿腹膜执行的切割被带入到腹股沟区。一旦完成植入,即闭合腹膜。根据第二手术方法,即完全腹膜外路线(TEP),假体通过套管针被带入到腹股沟区而直接贯穿腹壁的肌肉,且腹膜不打开。
由于腹股沟区和所限定的部署空间的倾斜,可证明部署假体且接着相对于腹股沟管的孔口或待保护的例如髂血管或精索的其它器官适当地定向所述假体是复杂的。
假体的有效性,因此最小化复发危险的能力,在很大程度上取决于假体相对于腹股沟区的生物组织的正确展开的程度如何。在本申请中,腹股沟区的“生物组织”应被理解为腹股沟区的器官或要素的生物组织,其展示于图1中且旨在从腹膜保护以修补疝,且尤其是前肌肉壁、耻骨的上部部分、髂血管和精索血管,以及腰大肌的部分。
实际上,基于织物的假体一般是柔性的。为了将其引入到套管针中,常常将其折叠或卷起来以缩减其体积。其因此在引入到植入位点时往往会形成褶痕。基于织物的假体从套管针的展开非常重要,但可证明是困难的。
文件US 6,723,133描述用于腹股沟疝修补的预成型的三维假体,其旨在符合有缺陷的壁的解剖形状。此专利中所描述的假体包括多个彼此接合的不同形状的部分,所有所述成形部分配置成具有基本上球形形状。
如上文所看到,腹股沟区的解剖结构意指各种器官,例如具有各种形状的肌肉、具有各种路径的例如髂血管的血管以及耻骨。另外,腹股沟区的解剖结构在不同人之间可能显著不同,尤其是在其内侧下方区域中,在耻骨的上部部分的周围环境中。已经观测到,在现有技术的一些预成型的三维假体的情况下,腹股沟区的此内侧下方区域未被有效覆盖。具体地说,取决于正被治疗的患者的真实解剖结构,外科医生可能需要在假体上施加一定张力或在定位假体时使假体移位,使得假体的一部分存在于腹股沟区的内侧下方区域中,即存在于耻骨的周围。替代地,外科医生可能需要在假体中产生褶皱,以便使其符合他所面临的与他正在治疗的患者相关的腹股沟区的内侧下方区域的特定形状。
因此,仍需要用于修补腹股沟疝的基于预成型的生物相容性材料三维片件的假体,其旨在总体地符合腹股沟区中的有缺陷的壁的解剖形状,其能够从套管针展开且不仅有效地覆盖所述有缺陷的壁也有效地覆盖腹股沟区的内侧下方区域,而不管待治疗的患者的所述内侧下方区域的真实解剖形状如何,使得外科医生不必在假体上施加特定张力或在相对于生物组织定位假体时产生褶皱。
发明内容
本发明旨在满足此需求。
本发明的第一方面是用于修补人体的由前腹壁、腰大肌和腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域定界的腹股沟区中的疝缺陷的可植入假体,所述假体包括:
生物相容性材料片件,其具有预成型的三维形状,所述片件包含:
-第一部分,其旨在面对所述前腹壁,所述第一部分形成被塑形且设定尺寸以便基本上符合所述前腹壁的形状的部分球形盖表面,
-第二部分,其旨在面对所述腰大肌,所述第二部分从所述第一部分的下方边缘延伸且形成被塑形且设定尺寸以便基本上符合所述腰大肌的形状的波形壁,
所述假体的特征在于所述片件进一步包括:
第三部分,其形成拱形部分,所述拱形部分从所述第一部分的内侧下方角落基本上在下方方向上纵向延伸,所述拱形部分基本上在前方向上径向延伸,所述第三部分旨在面对腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域。
本发明的假体具有使得其理想地符合待增强的腹股沟区的解剖结构的形状。具体地说,第一、第二和第三部分的形状和尺寸允许使假体适应不同类型的腹股沟疝,例如腹股沟直疝、腹股沟斜疝和腹股沟股疝。
此外,本发明的假体的第三部分的存在和此第三部分的特定形状允许覆盖腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域,尤其是围绕耻骨的上部部分的区,而无需撕裂或拉伸假体的其它部分或产生有可能不当地干涉周围器官的额外褶皱。实际上,此第三部分的存在和其形状允许外科医生容易地将整个假体放在每一待保护的解剖要素上而无需对假体的另一部分施加特定补偿力或使假体移位。所述假体在待修补的腹股沟区的三个维度中完美地展开,而不需要在假体中产生褶皱以便使其符合待保护的解剖结构的形状。当定位假体时,假体中不产生张力。
本发明的假体旨在用于修补人体的腹股沟区中的疝缺陷。本发明的假体尤其适应于通过经腹腹膜前路线(TAPP)或完全腹膜外路线(TEP)用于腹腔镜手术中。
腹股沟区可在耻骨的周围环境中由前腹壁、腰大肌和腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域定界。
本发明的假体包括具有预成型的三维形状的生物相容性材料片件。生物相容性材料片件包括若干部分,其各自具有确定形状,这些确定形状的组合形成预成型的三维形状。生物相容性材料片件优选地制成单式结构。
在本申请中,“生物相容性”应被理解为意指具有此属性的材料可植入到人类或动物身体中。
用于形成疝修补假体的生物相容性材料为此项技术中所熟知。举例来说,生物相容性材料可包括生物吸收性材料、非生物吸收性材料和其混合物。
在本申请中,“生物吸收性”或“生物降解性”应被理解为意指具有此属性的材料由组织吸收和/或降解或从植入位点洗涤且在一定时间后在体内消失,所述一定时间可取决于材料的化学性质在例如几小时到几年间变化。
适于本发明的假体的片件的生物吸收性材料的实例可从以下生物吸收性材料当中选出:聚乳酸(PLA)、聚己内酯(PCL)、聚二氧杂环己酮(PDO)、三亚甲基碳酸酯(TMC)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)、氧化纤维素、聚乙醇酸(PGA)、聚乙二醇(PE)、这些材料的共聚物,和其混合物。
适于本发明的假体的片件的非生物吸收性材料的实例可从以下非生物吸收性材料当中选出:聚丙烯、例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的聚酯、聚酰胺、硅酮、聚醚醚酮(PEEK)、聚芳基醚醚酮(PAEK)和其混合物。
所述片件可由预成型的泡沫片材优选地由多孔材料制成。在本申请的含义内,“多孔材料”应被理解为具有孔隙、空隙或孔的材料,所述孔隙、空隙或孔是打开的且均匀地或不规则地分布且促进细胞定植和组织向内生长。所述孔隙可例如作为球形、通道、六边形形式存在于所有类型的配置中。
在实施例中,生物相容性材料片件包括织物,尤其是多孔织物。在实施例中,生物相容性材料片件包括织物,例如多孔织物。
根据本发明,“织物”应被理解为例如通过针织、编织、编结或无纺布获得的生物相容性纱、纤维、长丝和/或复丝的任何布置或组合。适于修补疝缺陷的生物相容性织物,尤其是多孔织物,为此项技术中所熟知。
本发明的假体的生物相容性材料片件包括形成部分球形盖表面的第一部分。部分球形盖表面旨在面对前腹壁。部分球形盖表面可在前方向上延伸,即朝向腹壁延伸。部分球形盖表面被塑形且设定尺寸以便符合前腹壁的形状。适于形成所述第一部分的球形盖可源自具有范围介于约200mm到约220mm,优选地范围介于约206mm到约215mm的直径的球形,所述球形盖具有范围介于约15mm到约35mm,优选地约20mm到约28mm的高度。适于获得形成所述第一部分的表面的部分球形盖可由沿着形成第一部分的下方边缘的波状线移除球形盖的下方部分而产生。
本发明的假体的生物相容性材料片件包括形成旨在面对腰大肌的波形壁的第二部分。波形壁从第一部分的下方边缘延伸且被塑形且设定尺寸以便符合腰大肌的形状。在实施例中,波形壁基本上从生物相容性材料的横向侧延伸到内侧,且其包含由以直线D的形式的母线其后以导向曲线C的形式的准线产生的表面。在实施例中,导向曲线C包含基本上在下方方向上延伸的至少橫向曲线和相对于所述橫向曲线在内侧方向上偏移的至少中央曲线,所述中央曲线基本上在上方方向上延伸。在实施例中,导向曲线C进一步包含基本上在下方方向上延伸的内侧曲线。内侧曲线的存在与否可取决于待治疗的患者的解剖结构,尤其取决于待修补的疝缺陷的大小。
举例来说,橫向曲线的曲率半径的范围可介于约50mm到约55mm,且可优选地为约53mm,中央曲线的曲率半径的范围可介于约20mm到约35mm,且可优选地是从约24mm到约31mm,且当存在时,内侧曲线的曲率半径的范围可介于约70mm到约90mm,且可优选地为约80mm。
波形壁相对于第一部分的球形盖的高度的方向优选地倾斜。在实施例中,形成于波形壁的母线与第一部分的球形盖的高度的方向之间的角度的范围可介于约35°到约50°,优选地约40°到约45°。
生物相容性材料片件进一步包括形成拱形部分的第三部分。拱形部分基本上在下方方向上从所述第一部分的内侧下方角落纵向延伸,所述拱形部分基本上在前方向上径向地延伸,所述第三部分旨在面对腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域。在本申请中,“拱形部分”意指管的角度区段。根据本申请的拱形部分的半径是拱形部分所源自的管的半径。
在实施例中,拱形部分具有范围介于约70mm到约110mm,优选地约80mm到约100mm的半径。在实施例中,拱形部分沿着形成范围介于约30°到约45°,优选地范围介于33°到40°的角度的圆圈的一部分周向性延伸。拱形部分可具有范围介于约20mm到约40mm,优选地约21mm到约35mm的高度。拱形部分可具有范围介于约40mm到约60mm,优选地约45mm到约53mm的长度。
拱形部分允许覆盖存在于腹股沟区的内侧下方区域中的各种器官。具体地说,拱形部分的形状和尺寸允许容易地展开假体,而无需撕裂其或产生特定褶皱以便适应待治疗患者的特有解剖结构。
在实施例中,拱形部分的高度大于或等于、优选地大于第一部分的球形盖的高度。因此,在球形盖符合前腹壁的形状的同时,允许拱形部分覆盖腹股沟区的内侧下方区域,而无需在前方向或后方向上在假体上施加任何特定张力。
在实施例中,所述预成型的三维形状限定所述片件的边缘,所述边缘在空间的三个维度中延伸。生物相容性材料片件的边缘以最佳方式遵循待保护的区的解剖结构。具体地说,归功于片件的边缘在空间的三个维度中延伸的事实,不需要使外科医生产生假体的额外褶皱以便使其符合待保护的解剖形状。
在实施例中,所述预成型的三维形状限定所述片件的边缘,所述边缘具备至少在其周长的一部分上的增强部件。增强部件可由任何生物相容性材料制成且可沿着所述边缘连续地或不连续地延行。增强部件可选自模制材料、线、熔融织物部分和其组合。增强部件通常具备优于生物相容性材料片件的刚度的刚度且可帮助在手术操作期间操控假体。
在实施例中,增强部件沿着所述边缘的周长不展示出弹性。换句话说,如果一个人在所述片件的边缘的基本上位于所述边缘的线性区段上的两个点处握持所述片件且尝试从一个点处牵拉动另一个点,那么增强部件在两个点之间将不展示伸长。增强部件因此可构成维持生物相容性材料片件的边缘的某种三维非弹性带,其中此带在假体从例如套管针出来时提供弹出式效果。增强部件因此在假体从套管针出来时有助于所述假体的更高效部署。
在实施例中,生物相容性材料片件可展示弹性,所述弹性允许其在受到外部压力时变形且在释放所述外部压力时回到其初始预定的三维形状。外科医生因此可能够通过在假体上施加外部压力缩减假体的整体体积,以便在他引入套管针中的假体时对所述假体进行折叠。当在植入位点上,即在腹股沟区中,从套管针释放假体时,假体自然地变成其初始展开的三维形状。
展示此弹性的生物相容性片件可由多孔泡沫制成。
替代地,一些织物可形成展示此弹性的生物相容性材料。US 6,478,727中描述如下织物:其适于形成本发明的假体的片件且展示允许其在受到外部压力时变形且在释放所述外部压力时回到其初始预定的三维形状的弹性。举例来说,此织物可包括由聚丙烯单丝纱制成的多孔针织物,其具有范围介于约0.12mm到约0.25mm,优选地约0.15mm到约0.20mm,例如约0.18mm的直径,且根据按照ISO 11676标准的以下针织图案-公开案2014:杆I:3-2/2-1/0-1//、杆II:0-1/12/3-2//将两个导杆中的一个织满另一个空置。举例来说,用于此多孔针织物的每厘米的针数可在约7到15,优选地在约10到12之间变化。
在实施例中,增强部件包括形成生物相容性材料片件的织物的轮廓的熔融部分。替代地,增强部件可包括所述织物的轮廓的熔融部分。织物的轮廓的熔融部分允许形成具有平滑的外部形状且无任何潜在性创伤部分的增强部件。织物的轮廓的熔融部分进一步允许形成沿着边缘的周长不展示弹性的增强部件。织物的轮廓的熔融部分也允许避免织物的自身抓持。
织物的轮廓可通过热焊接,例如热脉冲密封、超声波焊接或感应焊接来熔融。举例来说,当使用热脉冲密封时,织物的轮廓在两个夹钳之间压缩且将加热到形成织物的材料的熔点。
在实施例中,边缘的内侧下方部分不含任何增强部件。本发明的假体的片件的边缘的内侧下方部分处不存在任何增强部件允许外科医生根据位于腹股沟区的内侧下方区域的区域中的解剖器官的形状自由地导向且定位假体的内侧下方部分。实际上,众所周知,腹股沟区的内侧下方区域的解剖结构在不同人之间显著不同。使假体的内侧下方部分无任何增强边缘使得外科医生能够根据针对特定患者遇到的解剖结构的真实形状调适定位且定制假体在此区域中的固定。假体的内侧下方部分因此可较符合在所治疗的患者中遇到的解剖起伏。
在实施例中,生物相容性材料片件是展示允许其在受到外部压力时变形且在释放所述外部压力时回到其初始预定的三维形状的弹性的织物,所述织物具有是所述织物的熔融部分的增强部件,其中边缘的内侧下方部分不含任何增强部件。此类实施例允许具有由增强部件形成的非弹性带,所述增强部件将假体维持在其边缘的主要部分上同时使边缘的内侧下方部分保留其弹性,所述弹性来自由所述增强部件制成的织物的弹性。此类实施例允许外科医生受益于织物的边缘的内侧下方部分的弹性以便容易地在腹股沟区的内侧下方区域中移动假体且根据解剖结构的此特定部分较自由地调适假体的位置,而同时具有具足够整体刚度以加以有效地操控且从套管针容易地展开的假体。
在实施例中,所述片件进一步包含从所述第一部分的上方内侧部分延伸的第四部分,所述第四部分形成限定假体的上方内侧角落的三角形部分,所述角落形成范围介于约100°到约120°,优选地约105°到约115°,例如约110°的角度。此第四部分允许向外科医生提供指示以用于较佳定位假体。具体地说,此第四部分帮助外科医生相对于腹白线(LineaAlba)定向假体。另外,形成假体的第四部分的三角形部分的存在允许增大腹股沟区的内侧上方区域中的假体的表面。此类实施例对于腹股沟直疝尤其优选,因为其因此在所述内侧上方区域中提供额外增强。
本发明的假体的预成型的三维形状可使用所属领域中已知的任何预成形工艺获得,例如使用传统两部分模具的压缩热成形工艺。举例来说,模具的第一部分展现具有用于待获得的假体的片件的所要形状的外表面且模具的第二部分具有类似于第一部分的形状但凹陷到其内表面中的形状。生物相容性材料的片材,例如织物,接着紧固在模具的第一部分与第二部分之间,整个片材在范围介于约140℃到约150℃的温度下加热且进一步冷却。如此获得的预成型的三维成形片件从所述模具移除。
附图说明
本发明将从以下描述和附图变得更清晰,在所述附图中:
-图1是腹股沟区的示意图,
-图2A是本发明的假体的第一实施例的俯视图,
-图2B是本发明的假体的第二实施例的俯视图,
-图3A是图2A的假体的侧面透视图,
-图3B是沿着线I-I截取的图3A的假体的截面视图,其展示球形盖的高度的方向与波形壁的母线之间的角度,
-图4是图2A的假体的侧视图,其展示拱形部分的半径、拱形部分延伸所在的圆圈的部分的角度和拱形部分的高度,
-图5是图2A的假体的第一部分的示意性俯视图,其展示波形壁的曲线的曲率半径。
具体实施方式
参考图2A,展示本发明的用于修补人体的腹股沟区中的疝缺陷的假体1。图1上所展示的假体1旨在植入在患者身体的左手侧。假体1包括具有预成型的三维形状的生物相容性材料片件2。图2A上指示内侧横向轴线A和上方下方轴线B。图2A的预成型的片件2具有横向侧2a、内侧2b、上方侧2c和下方侧2d。图2A上展示假体1的前侧。
片件2包括旨在面对前腹壁的第一部分3、旨在面对腰大肌的第二部分4和旨在面对腹股沟区的内侧下方区域的第三部分5。在所展示的实例中,片件2进一步包括第四部分6,其旨在易于在腹白线上对准假体1。在所展示的实施例中,片件2不包括此第四部分。第一部分3、第二部分4、第三部分5和第四部分6全部联合在一起以形成预成型的三维成形片件2作为单式结构。片件2具有由预成型的三维形状的轮廓限定的边缘7。
现将详细地描述生物相容性材料片件2的每一部分(3、4、5、6)。
第一部分3形成部分球形盖表面8。一旦假体1植入到患者的身体中,部分球形盖表面8即旨在面对前腹壁。部分球形盖表面8因此在前方向上,即朝向腹壁,延伸。部分球形盖表面8被塑形且设定尺寸以便符合前腹壁的弯曲形状。部分球形盖表面8进一步旨在在植入配置中定位成邻近于腰大肌。在此视图中,部分球形盖表面8源自下方部分已从其移除的球形盖,所移除的下方部分对应于腰大肌的存在。部分球形盖表面8因此可以是在其下方中沿着由腰大肌的形状定界的线被切割的球形盖表面。此线形成部分球形盖表面8的下方边缘8a。
形成第一部分3的球形盖可通过从具有范围介于约200mm到约220mm,优选地范围介于约206mm到约215mm的直径的球形切割盖而获得,其中所切割的盖具有高度H,如图4上所展示,所述高度H范围介于约15mm到约35mm,优选地约20mm到约28mm。形成第一部分3的部分球形盖表面8可由沿着形成部分球形盖8和第一部分3的下方边缘8a的波状线移除此球形盖的下方部分产生。
第二部分4形成波形壁9,一旦假体1植入到患者的身体中,所述波形壁即旨在面对腰大肌。波形壁9从第一部分3的下方边缘8a延伸且被塑形且设定尺寸以便符合腰大肌的形状。
参考图2A,波形壁9从横向侧2a基本上延伸到片件2的内侧2b。波形壁9包含由采取在例如图3A和3B上展示的直线D的形式的母线所产生的表面,其依照在例如图5上所展示的导向曲线C的形式的准线。波形壁9可包括形成波的一连串若干曲线,例如两个或三个曲线。在图2A中所展示的实例中,波形壁9包括三个曲线,即基本上在下方方向上延伸的橫向曲线9a、基本上在上方方向上延伸的中央曲线9b和在下方方向上延伸的内侧曲线9c。
参考图5,展示图2A的第一部分3的示意性俯视图,所述示意性俯视图展示包含橫向曲线9a、中央曲线9b和内侧曲线9c的导向曲线C以及其对应的曲率半径(R1、R2、R3)。
举例来说,橫向曲线9a的在图5上展示为R1的曲率半径的范围可介于约50mm到约55mm,且可优选地为约53mm,中央曲线9b的在图5上展示为R2的曲率半径的范围可介于约20mm到约35mm,且可优选地约24mm到约31mm,且内侧曲线9c的在图5上展示为R3的曲率半径的范围可介于约70mm到约90mm,且可优选地为约80mm。
波形壁9相对于第一部分3的球形盖8的高度“h”的方向倾斜。参考图3A和3B,形成于波形壁的母线D与第一部分3的球形盖表面8的高度的方向“h”之间的角度α的范围可介于约35°到约50°,优选地约40°到约45°。
参考图2B,展示图1的假体1的第二实施例,其中波形壁9不包括任何内侧曲线。如将从以下描述呈现,可针对如下状况设计图2B的假体:其中腹股沟区的内侧下方区域中的疝缺陷的大小需要来自假体1的高覆盖率。第三部分5被制造得较大且替代波形壁9的内侧曲线。
参考图2A,第三部分5形成拱形部分10。拱形部分10基本上在下方方向上从第一部分3的内侧下方角落3a纵向延伸。如在图4上最佳地看到,拱形部分10基本上在前方向上径向延伸。
形成第三部分5的拱形部分10旨在面对腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域。拱形部分10的半径R4是拱形部分所源自的管的半径且在图4中展示。
拱形部分10可具有范围介于约70mm到约110mm,优选地约80mm到约100mm的半径R4。
参考图4,拱形部分10沿着形成范围介于约30°到约45°,优选地范围介于33°到40°的角度β的圆圈的一部分周向性延伸。
仍参考图4,拱形部分10可具有范围介于约20mm到约40mm,优选地约21mm到约35mm的高度J。参考图2A和2B,拱形部分10可具有范围介于约40mm到约60mm,优选地约45mm到约53mm的长度L。
拱形部分10允许覆盖存在于腹股沟区的内侧下方区域中的各种器官。具体地说,拱形部分10的形状和尺寸允许容易地展开假体1,而无需撕裂其或产生特定褶皱以便适应待治疗患者的特有解剖结构。
仍参考图4,拱形部分10的高度J大于第一部分3的球形盖的高度H。一旦植入假体1,因此在球形盖表面8符合前腹壁的形状的同时,允许拱形部分10覆盖腹股沟区的内侧下方区域,而无需在前或后方向上在所述假体上施加任何特定张力。
参考图2A,第四部分6从第一部分3的上方内侧部分延伸。第四部分3形成限定假体1的上方内侧角落的三角形部分12。举例来说,此角落可形成角度γ,如在图2A上所展示,其范围介于约100°到约120°,优选地约105°到约115°,例如约110°。三角形部分12允许假体1在腹股沟区的内侧上方区域中提供额外增强。当待修补的疝是腹股沟直疝时,此类实施例尤其合适。第四部分6的存在还可通过使得外科医生更能看到假体1的内侧边缘而帮助外科医生最佳地定位假体1。外科医生接着可较容易地对准假体1的内侧边缘与腹白线。
参考图4,一个人可看到边缘7在空间的三个维度中延伸。这允许片件2以最佳方式遵循待保护的所述区的解剖结构。
参考图2A,边缘7具备增强部件11。
增强部件11形成维持假体1的非弹性带且帮助操控假体1,同时在假体1折叠在自身上时提供弹出式效果,例如像在套管针中那样。
在图2A上,增强部件11沿着边缘7的一部分延行,同时使所述边缘7的内侧下方部分保持空闲。具体地说,增强部件11从大约位于处中央曲线9b的层面处的第一端部11a延行到大约位于拱形部分5的内侧下方角落处的第二端部11b,从而使边缘7的内侧下方部分保持空闲。除其内侧下方部分之外边缘7被增强的此实施例允许获得所需的针对假体1从套管针离开的部署的弹出式效果和使第三部分5即拱形部分10适应和符合所治疗的患者的腹股沟区的内侧下方区域的真实解剖结构的可能性。
图2A的假体1的四个部分(3、4、5、6)由生物相容性材料制成。生物相容性材料可包括生物吸收性材料、非生物吸收性材料和其混合物。
图2A的假体1的四个部分(3、4、5、6)优选地由多孔织物制成,尤其是展示允许其在受到外部压力时变形且在释放所述外部压力时回到其初始预定的三维形状的弹性的织物。举例来说,此织物可以是由聚丙烯单丝纱制成的多孔针织物,其具有范围介于约0.12mm到约0.25mm,优选地约0.15mm到约0.20mm,例如约0.18mm的直径,且根据按照ISO11676标准的以下针织图案-公开案2014:杆I:3-2/2-1/01//、杆II:0-1/1-2/3-2//将两个导杆中的一个织满另一个空置。举例来说,用于此多孔针织物的每厘米的针数可在约7到15,优选地在约10到12之间变化。
增强部件11可以是形成片件2的织物的轮廓的熔融部分,其例如通过热焊接获得。此熔融部分展示平滑外部形状且不含任何创伤元件。当假体在其通过套管针引入到植入位点期间折叠在自身上时,此熔融部分还允许避免织物的自身抓持。
当织物是从如上文所描述的聚丙烯单丝获得的多孔针织物时,增强部件可通过如下熔融织物的轮廓来获得:织物的轮廓压缩在两个夹钳之间且将加热到约240℃,所述240℃是聚丙烯的熔点。
假体1的片件2可使用压缩热成形工艺获得:举例来说,例如上文所描述的织物的平坦织物紧固在模具的两部分之间,所述模具具有用于待获得的假体的片件的所要形状。整个片件在约140℃的温度下加热且接着冷却以便获得预成型的三维成形片件2。从所述织物如此获得的预成型的三维成形片件展示允许其在受到外部压力时变形且在释放所述外部压力时回到其初始预定三维形状的弹性。熔融片件的除边缘的内侧下方部分以外的边缘允许形成如下假体:其能够从套管针自动展开且具有良好操纵性,同时在其内侧下方部分中展示使得外科医生能够使假体符合正被治疗的患者的腹股沟区的内侧下方区域的弹性。
本发明的假体适用于修补腹股沟疝,例如腹股沟直疝、腹股沟斜疝和/或腹股沟股疝。具体地说,本发明的假体允许覆盖腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域,尤其是围绕耻骨的上部部分的区,而无需撕裂或拉伸假体的其它部分或产生有可能不当干涉周围器官的额外褶皱。
Claims (31)
1.一种用于修补由前腹壁、腰大肌和腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域定界的人体的腹股沟区中的疝缺陷的可植入假体,所述假体包括:
生物相容性材料片件,具有预成型的三维形状,包括沿内侧横向轴线延伸的横向侧和内侧以及沿上方下方轴线延伸的上方侧和下方侧,其特征在于,所述片件包含:
第一部分,配置为面对前腹壁,所述第一部分形成被塑形且设定尺寸以便基本上符合所述前腹壁的部分的球形盖,且包括在所述横向侧与所述内侧之间延伸的下方边缘,
第二部分,配置为面对腰大肌,所述第二部分从所述第一部分的所述下方边缘的至少横向部分在下方方向上延伸,且形成被塑形且设定尺寸以便基本上符合腰大肌的波形壁,以及
第三部分,形成拱形部分,所述拱形部分从所述第一部分的所述下方边缘的至少内侧部分基本上在下方方向上纵向延伸,所述拱形部分基本上在前方向上径向延伸,所述第三部分配置为面对腹股沟解剖结构的内侧下方区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述预成型的三维形状限定所述片件的边沿,所述边沿在三个维度中延伸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的假体,其中,所述边沿具备至少在所述边沿的周长的一部分上的增强部件。
4.根据权利要求3所述的假体,其中所述边沿的内侧下方部分不含任何增强部件。
5.根据权利要求3所述的假体,其中所述生物相容性材料片件包括织物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的假体,其中所述增强部件包括所述织物的轮廓的熔融部分。
7.根据权利要求3所述的假体,其中所述增强部件沿着所述边沿的周长不展示出弹性。
8.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述生物相容性材料片件展示允许其在受到外部压力时变形且在释放所述外部压力时回到其初始预定的三维形状的弹性。
9. 根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述第一部分的所述球形盖源自具有范围介于200 mm到220 mm的直径的球形,所述球形盖具有范围介于15 mm到35 mm的高度。
10.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述第一部分的所述球形盖源自具有范围介于206 mm到215 mm的直径的球形,所述球形盖具有范围介于20 mm到28 mm的高度。
11.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述波形壁包含由采取直线的形式的母线所产生的表面,其依照采取导向曲线的形式的准线。
12.根据权利要求11所述的假体,其中所述导向曲线包含基本上在下方方向上延伸的至少橫向曲线和相对于所述橫向曲线在内侧方向上偏移的至少中央曲线,所述中央曲线基本上在上方方向上延伸。
13.根据权利要求12所述的假体,其中所述橫向曲线的曲率半径的范围介于50 mm到55mm,所述中央曲线的曲率半径的范围介于20 mm到35 mm。
14.根据权利要求12所述的假体,其中所述橫向曲线的曲率半径为约53 mm,所述中央曲线的曲率半径的范围介于24 mm到31 mm。
15.根据权利要求13所述的假体,其中所述导向曲线进一步包含在下方方向上延伸的内侧曲线。
16.根据权利要求15所述的假体,其中所述内侧曲线的曲率半径的范围介于70 mm到90mm。
17.根据权利要求15所述的假体,其中所述内侧曲线的曲率半径为约80 mm。
18.根据权利要求11所述的假体,其中形成于所述波形壁的所述母线与所述第一部分的所述球形盖的高度的方向之间的角度的范围介于35°到50°。
19.根据权利要求11所述的假体,其中形成于所述波形壁的所述母线与所述第一部分的所述球形盖的高度的方向之间的角度的范围介于40°到45°。
20.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分具有范围介于70 mm到110 mm的半径。
21.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分具有范围介于80 mm到100 mm的半径。
22.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分沿着形成范围介于30°到45°的角度的圆圈的一部分周向性延伸。
23.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分沿着形成范围介于33°到40°的角度的圆圈的一部分周向性延伸。
24.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分具有范围介于20 mm到40 mm的高度。
25.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分具有范围介于21 mm到35 mm的高度。
26.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分具有范围介于40 mm到60 mm的长度。
27.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分具有范围介于45 mm到53 mm的长度。
28.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述片件进一步包含从所述第一部分的上方内侧部分延伸的第四部分,所述第四部分形成限定所述假体的上方内侧角落的三角形部分,所述角落形成范围介于100°到120°的角度。
29.根据权利要求28所述的假体,其中所述角落形成范围介于105°到115°的角度。
30.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分的高度大于或等于所述第一部分的所述球形盖的高度。
31.根据权利要求1所述的假体,其中所述拱形部分的高度大于所述第一部分的所述球形盖的高度。
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2018
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- 2018-04-26 CN CN201810386483.1A patent/CN108784886B/zh active Active
- 2018-04-27 US US15/965,826 patent/US10675137B2/en active Active
- 2018-04-30 CA CA3003189A patent/CA3003189A1/en active Pending
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2020
- 2020-06-08 US US16/895,888 patent/US11672636B2/en active Active
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2023
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EP3398554B1 (en) | 2025-06-25 |
US20230301766A1 (en) | 2023-09-28 |
EP3398554A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
CN108784886A (zh) | 2018-11-13 |
CA3003189A1 (en) | 2018-11-02 |
US20180318057A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
AU2018202680A1 (en) | 2018-11-22 |
US20200297472A1 (en) | 2020-09-24 |
US10675137B2 (en) | 2020-06-09 |
US11672636B2 (en) | 2023-06-13 |
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