CN108736171A - A kind of wide-angle scanning multibeam lens antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-angle scanning multi-beam lens antenna, comprising an installation cavity (1), a focus conversion cavity (2) and a lens body (3), and a printed board is arranged inside the installation cavity (1) (4), the top of the installation cavity (1) is provided with a rectangular installation slot (5) matching the focus conversion cavity (2), and the bottom of the focus conversion cavity (2) passes through the rectangular installation slot (5) installed on the printed board (4); the lens body (3) is arranged on the top of the focus conversion cavity (2). The present invention uses a spherical lens as the lens main body to achieve large-angle beam coverage and ensure beam performance and gain performance; at the same time, considering that the main body of the lens antenna is a spherical lens, and the focal point of the spherical lens is on the circumference, the present invention passes the focal point The conversion cavity transforms the curved focal plane of the spherical lens into a flat focal plane, thereby ensuring the overall performance of the antenna.

Description

A large-angle scanning multi-beam lens antenna

technical field

The invention relates to the field of multi-beam lens antennas, in particular to a large-angle scanning multi-beam lens antenna.

Background technique

With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the exchange of data traffic has become more frequent, and the data transmission rate of the fourth generation communication (4G) has reached the bottleneck. The strong demand for greater channel capacity and faster communication rates has led the entire communication industry to invest a lot in research and development and exploration of the fifth-generation communication (5G) in the hope of developing communication that is more suitable for various communication scenarios. system. For traditional communication networks below 5G, since they work below 6GHz, their absolute bandwidth is very limited. In order to increase the communication rate, more complex modulation methods or more stations are often used. However, the use of more complex modulation methods has higher requirements on the system and the operating environment (such as system phase noise, etc.); and the method of adding sites cannot fundamentally solve the communication rate requirements. 5G communication increases the operating frequency spectrum of its system from the radio frequency band to the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) frequency band, which can obtain greater absolute bandwidth, so that faster communication rates and greater communication capacity can be obtained more conveniently.

Since the wavelength of the millimeter wave frequency band is much smaller than that of the radio frequency band, the space link loss of the millimeter wave communication system will be higher than that of the radio frequency communication system. This is also an important point that limits millimeter wave communication. In order to compensate for the link loss of millimeter wave communication, Higher effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and smaller system sensitivity are required. It is a very effective measure to increase EIRP and increase antenna gain. Traditional high-gain antennas have narrower beams and are mostly suitable for point-to-point communications, while antennas used for area coverage require a wider beam width, so traditional high-gain antennas are not suitable for area coverage. In order to apply high-gain antennas to regional coverage application scenarios, the development of high-gain lens antennas with multi-beam systems is the key point of 5G antennas.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a large-angle scanning multi-beam lens antenna with large coverage and good gain effect.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a large-angle scanning multi-beam lens antenna, including an installation cavity, a focus conversion cavity and a lens body, a printed board is arranged inside the installation cavity, and the The top of the installation cavity is provided with a rectangular installation groove matched with the focus conversion cavity, and the bottom of the focus conversion cavity is installed on the printed board inside the installation cavity through the rectangular installation groove; the lens body It is arranged on the top of the focus conversion cavity.

Preferably, the lens body is a spherical lens; the top of the focus conversion cavity is provided with a polygonal groove matching the lens body, and the lens body is installed on the top of the focus conversion cavity through the polygonal groove.

Preferably, the lens body is also provided with two symmetrical fixing parts, and the fixing parts are fixed on the top of the focus conversion cavity by lens assembly screws, thereby realizing the fixing of the lens main body; specifically, the fixing parts and the focus The top of the conversion cavity is provided with threaded holes, and the lens assembly screw passes through the fixing piece and the threaded hole on the top of the focus conversion cavity to fix the lens body on the top of the focus conversion cavity.

Preferably, the printed board is fixed inside the installation cavity through printed board assembly screws.

Wherein, the printed board is a double-layer structure, including a first-layer PCB board and a second-layer PCB board, and a feed source array of a multi-beam antenna is arranged in the first-layer PCB board, and the lens is fed through the focus conversion cavity. The main body feeds power; the second layer PCB board is provided with a switch array of antennas, and the switch array is connected to the feed source array to realize the gating of the feed source array.

The feed source array includes a plurality of feed source modules, the switch array includes a plurality of switch modules, the number of the feed source modules and the switch modules are the same and are connected in one-to-one correspondence; the second layer PCB board is also provided with control module, and the control module is respectively connected with each switch module.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is: the present invention adopts spherical lens as the lens main body, realizes large-angle beam coverage and guarantees beam performance and gain performance; At the same time, considering that the main body of the lens antenna is a spherical lens, and the focal point of the spherical lens is on the circumference On the other hand, this will lead to the fact that the planar feeder cannot effectively feed the lens antenna, so the present invention transforms the curved focal plane of the spherical lens into a plane focal plane through the focus conversion cavity, thereby ensuring the overall performance of the antenna; and, The feed source array and the switch array are integrated into a double-layer PCB, which reduces assembly errors.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is an explosion diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a focus conversion cavity;

Fig. 4 is the standing wave curve schematic diagram of antenna of the present invention;

Figure 5 is the horizontal plane pattern of 26GHz horizontal polarization;

Figure 6 is a horizontal pattern of vertical polarization at 26 GHz;

In the figure, 1-installation cavity, 2-focus conversion cavity, 3-lens body, 4-printed board, 5-rectangular mounting groove, 6-polygonal groove, 7-fixing piece, 8-lens assembly screw, 9-transition cavity, 10-waveguide, 11-waveguide wall.

Detailed ways

The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following description.

As shown in Figures 1 to 2, a large-angle scanning multi-beam lens antenna includes an installation cavity 1, a focus conversion cavity 2 and a lens body 3, and a printed board 4 is arranged inside the installation cavity 1. The top of the installation cavity 1 is provided with a rectangular installation groove 5 matching the focus conversion cavity 2, and the bottom of the focus conversion cavity 2 is installed on the printed board inside the installation cavity 1 through the rectangular installation groove 5. 4; the lens body 3 is disposed on the top of the focus conversion cavity 2 .

In the embodiment of the present application, the lens body 3 is a spherical lens; the top of the focus conversion cavity 2 is provided with a polygonal groove 6 matched with the lens body, and the lens body 3 is installed through the polygonal groove 6 At the top of focus conversion chamber 2.

In the embodiment of the present application, the lens body 3 is also provided with two symmetrical fixing pieces 7, and the fixing pieces 7 are fixed on the top of the focus conversion cavity 2 by lens assembly screws 8, thereby realizing the lens body 3 Fixed; the top of the fixture 7 and the focus conversion cavity 2 are provided with threaded holes, and the lens assembly screw 8 passes through the threaded holes on the top of the fixture 7 and the focus conversion cavity 2 to fix the lens main body 3 on the focus conversion Chamber 2 top.

In the embodiment of the present application, the printed board 4 is fixed inside the installation cavity 1 by printed board assembly screws; the printed board 4 is a double-layer structure, including a first layer of PCB board and a second layer of PCB board, the first layer PCB board is provided with a feed array of multi-beam antennas, and feeds power to the lens body 3 through the focus conversion cavity 2; the second layer PCB board is provided with a switch array of antennas, and the The switch array is connected with the feed source array to realize the gating of the feed source array.

In the embodiment of the present application, the feed source array includes a plurality of feed source modules, the switch array includes a plurality of switch modules, and the number of the feed source modules and the switch modules are the same and are connected in one-to-one correspondence; the second A control module is also arranged in the layer PCB, and the control module is respectively connected with each switch module.

In order to realize the multi-beam function of the antenna, the feed source array needs to have the ability to quickly switch the feed source; in the embodiment of the application, considering the integration of the system, the multiple feed sources of the feed source array on the first layer The source module can be implemented with a microstrip antenna to achieve compact structure and easy manufacture. Using a microstrip antenna as an antenna feed source is also more scalable and more convenient to implement a multi-channel multi-beam lens antenna; considering millimeter wave frequency band, the use of RF connectors to connect the feed source and the switch array will introduce a large number of assembly errors and deteriorate the performance of the antenna. In order to reduce assembly errors, the interconnection between the feed source module and the switch module adopts a multi-layer coupling structure, and the multi-layer coupling The structure is directly completed by PCB technology, which further reduces the complexity of the antenna while ensuring the assembly accuracy; in some embodiments, the control module is also connected to an external host computer, which is convenient for users to feed through the host computer Source switching is controlled.

Traditional lens antennas, such as convex lens antennas, have only one focal point, and the beam of the antenna will deteriorate as the feed source deviates from the focal point of the lens. When the feed source is farther away from the focal point of the lens antenna, the gain of the antenna decreases. The more severe the side lobe is, the more obvious the side lobe is raised; in order to improve the beam coverage, the present invention uses a spherical lens as the lens body, which can achieve large-angle beam coverage and keep the beam consistency, and suppress the gain deterioration; and the present invention through focus conversion The cavity transforms the curved focal plane of the spherical lens into a flat focal plane, thereby ensuring the overall performance of the antenna; It can be used as a structural support or as a heat-conducting component to export the heat generated inside the cavity to avoid deformation of the antenna and feed due to the heat generated by the power amplifier, thereby affecting the performance of the antenna.

As shown in FIG. 3 , in the embodiment of the present application, multiple waveguides 10 are arranged in the focus conversion cavity 2, and each waveguide 10 is separated by a waveguide wall 11, and the direction of each waveguide 10 is All point to the center of the lens body 3; there is also a transition cavity 9 between the focus conversion cavity 2 and the lens body 3; the electromagnetic waves generated by the feed source array are first fed into the waveguide 10, and then fed into the waveguide 10 The electromagnetic wave is transmitted to the transition cavity 9, and radiated from the transition cavity 9 to the lens body 3; since the waveguide 10 points to the center of the lens body 3, after passing through the focus conversion cavity 2, the radiation produced by the feed source is radiated along the normal direction The electromagnetic wave can be converted into electromagnetic wave radiating along the radial direction, so that the curved surface focus of the lens body can be transformed into a plane focus.

The working process of the present invention is as follows: when transmitting a signal, the external TR component transmits the radio frequency signal to the switch array of the antenna through the feeder, and the switch array gates a certain path of the feed source array according to the control signal of the control module, so that the radio frequency signal is transmitted to Corresponding to the feed source module, the feed source module converts the phase center to the spherical lens body through the focus conversion cavity 2, and then generates electromagnetic wave radiation through the converging function of the lens antenna. The entire feed source array can realize different The switching of the feed source module, so as to achieve the purpose of beam scanning; in the embodiment of the application, when the present invention uses two radio frequency channels to realize the radiation of dual-polarized electromagnetic waves, the beam coverage can reach ±45°;

In the embodiments of the present application, in order to verify the performance of the present invention, the electromagnetic simulation software is used to model and simulate the large-angle scanning multi-beam lens antenna to obtain the gain, direction diagram and standing wave curve of the antenna: the standing wave curve of the antenna The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 4. It can be seen that the minimum return loss in the frequency range of 25.1GHz~26.9GHz is 10dB; the horizontal plane pattern of the antenna at 26GHz horizontal polarization is shown in Figure 5. It can be seen that the coverage The angle is greater than ±45°, and the maximum gain is greater than 15dBi; the horizontal plane pattern of the vertically polarized antenna at 26GHz is shown in Figure 6. It can be seen that the coverage angle of the vertically polarized beam of the antenna is greater than ±45°, and the maximum gain is greater than 15dBi; in summary As mentioned above, it can be seen from the simulation results that the large-angle scanning multi-beam lens antenna of the present invention has the advantages of large coverage (beam coverage of both polarizations is greater than ±45°) and good gain effect.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of wide-angle scans multibeam lens antenna, it is characterised in that：Including installing cavity（1）, focus transfer chamber（2） And lens body（3）, the installation cavity（1）It is internally provided with printed board（4）, the installation cavity（1）Top offer With focus transfer chamber（2）Matched rectangle mounting groove（5）, focus transfer chamber（2）Bottom pass through the rectangle and pacify Tankage（5）Mounted on the installation cavity（1）Internal printed board（4）On；The lens body（3）Setting turns in the focus Change cavity（2）Top.

2. a kind of wide-angle according to claim 1 scans multibeam lens antenna, it is characterised in that：The lens body （3）For sphere lens.

3. a kind of wide-angle according to claim 1 scans multibeam lens antenna, it is characterised in that：The focus conversion Cavity（2）Top be provided with and the matched polygonal grooves of lens body（6）, the lens body（3）Pass through polygon Groove（6）Mounted on focus transfer chamber（2）Top.

4. a kind of wide-angle according to claim 3 scans multibeam lens antenna, it is characterised in that：The lens body （3）On also set up there are two symmetrical fixing piece（7）, the fixing piece（7）Pass through lens arrangement screw（8）Focus is fixed on to turn Change cavity（2）Top, and then realize lens body（3）Fixation.

5. a kind of wide-angle according to claim 4 scans multibeam lens antenna, it is characterised in that：The fixing piece （7）With focus transfer chamber（2）Top is both provided with threaded hole, the lens arrangement screw（8）Across fixing piece（7）And focus Transfer chamber（2）The threaded hole at top, by lens body（3）It is fixed on focus transfer chamber（2）Top.

6. a kind of wide-angle according to claim 1 scans multibeam lens antenna, it is characterised in that：The printed board （4）It is fixed on installation cavity by printed board rigging screw（1）It is internal.

7. a kind of wide-angle according to claim 1 scans multibeam lens antenna, it is characterised in that：The printed board （4）For double-layer structure, including first layer pcb board and second layer pcb board, multibeam antenna is provided in the first layer pcb board Feed array, pass through focus transfer chamber（2）To lens body（3）Feed；It is provided with antenna in the second layer pcb board Switch arrays, the switch arrays are connect with feed array, realize the gating of feed array.

8. a kind of wide-angle according to claim 7 scans multibeam lens antenna, it is characterised in that：The feed array Including multiple feed modules, the switch arrays include multiple switch module, and the feed module is identical as switch module number And it connects one to one.

9. a kind of wide-angle according to claim 8 scans multibeam lens antenna, it is characterised in that：The second layer Control module is additionally provided in pcb board, the control module is connect with each switch module respectively.