CN1087034C - Technology for desulfurizing molten steel in enclosed ladle by spraying powder - Google Patents
Technology for desulfurizing molten steel in enclosed ladle by spraying powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN1087034C CN1087034C CN99122341A CN99122341A CN1087034C CN 1087034 C CN1087034 C CN 1087034C CN 99122341 A CN99122341 A CN 99122341A CN 99122341 A CN99122341 A CN 99122341A CN 1087034 C CN1087034 C CN 1087034C
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- steel
- molten steel
- cover
- dipping
- powder
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- Expired - Fee Related
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 title description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 15
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940098458 powder spray Drugs 0.000 claims 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036651 mood Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
本发明适用于钢铁冶金工艺的炉外精炼处理领域。钢液二次精炼时，在盛钢桶中浸入一耐火材料罩。罩内将残余炉渣处理为还原性炉渣、通过底吹氩将炉渣排除在浸渍罩外、采用氩封降低罩内氮分压到一定限度。浸渍罩内插入喷枪，喷吹复合脱硫剂进行钢液脱硫。该工艺具有常规喷粉脱硫反应速度快、效率高的优点，同时避免了喷吹造成钢液翻腾时的钢液二次氧化及吸氮。该工艺的工程投资相对较小，生产成本也较低。适合大规模生产0.003%的低硫钢。该工艺具有良好的推广应用前景。The invention is applicable to the field of refining treatment outside the furnace of iron and steel metallurgical technology. During secondary refining of molten steel, a refractory cover is immersed in the steel ladle. The residual slag is treated in the hood as reducing slag, and the slag is excluded from the impregnation hood by bottom blowing argon, and the partial pressure of nitrogen in the hood is reduced to a certain limit by argon sealing. A spray gun is inserted into the dipping hood, and the composite desulfurizer is injected to desulfurize the molten steel. This process has the advantages of fast desulfurization reaction speed and high efficiency of conventional powder spraying, and at the same time avoids the secondary oxidation of molten steel and nitrogen absorption when the molten steel is tumbling caused by spraying. The engineering investment of this process is relatively small, and the production cost is also low. Suitable for mass production of 0.003% low sulfur steel. The process has a good prospect of popularization and application.
Description
The invention belongs to the external refining process field of ferrous metallurgy technology.At present, the common method of carrying out molten steel desulfurizing in steel teeming ladle has two kinds: the first is removed into powdery or block sweetening agents such as lime, fluorites to the molten steel face in the steel teeming ladle of band heat riser, carries out desulfurization by slag steel interfacial mass transfer; Add-on is generally 8-15kg/t, and refining time is 30-50min, generally sulphur in the steel can be reduced to 10ppm.It two is with sweetening agent (CaO, CaCO with carrier gas
3, CaF
2Deng) spraying into molten steel inside, sweetening agent directly contacts with sulphur in the molten steel and carries out desulfurization; Straying quatity is generally 6-10kg/t, and the winding-up time is 5-10min, generally sulphur in the steel can be reduced to 10ppm.
The shortcoming that is sprinkled into sweetening agent in steel teeming ladle is: slag steel interfacial mass transfer speed is slow, and desulfurization time is long, causes productivity low, and steel teeming ladle need possess the heat temperature raising condition simultaneously.
The shortcoming that sweetening agent is sprayed into molten steel is: the violent stirring effect in the winding-up process, and make the part molten steel seethe and be exposed in the air, cause molten steel easily to inhale nitrogen and secondary oxidation; Powder injection desulphurization efficient is subjected to the influence of the interior first slag rerum natura (oxidation susceptibility) of steel teeming ladle and the quantity of slag bigger simultaneously.For addressing this problem, adopted blowing desulfurization agent desulfurization (as RH-KB) under the vacuum, but because it is higher to obtain the investment and the production cost of vacuum, generally being used for high quality steel and special steel must produce, and can not be used for straight carbon steel and low alloy steel and carry out scale operation.
The objective of the invention is and can produce low-sulfur and super low sulfur steel economical, efficiently, exploitation is fit to the secondary refining process of scale operation straight carbon steel and low alloy steel desulfurization.
Invention comprises steel teeming ladle impregnating cover, intrusive mood refractory materials powder monitor, steel teeming ladle Argon device, composite desulfurizing agent.The steel teeming ladle impregnating cover is inserted molten steel, molten steel temperature is 1650-1700 ℃, in impregnating cover, add earlier reduced blast furnace, feed argon gas to powder monitor again, the decline powder monitor inserts molten steel, blowing desulfurization pulvis immediately, regulate the argon bottom-blowing parameter and carry out the bottom blowing stirring, the oxygen partial pressure in the impregnating cover is reduced to 0.005Mpa, and the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of oxygen concn is 5-12%, nitrogen partial pressure is reduced to 0.02Mpa, the concentration expressed in percentage by volume of nitrogen concentration is 15-25%, and the treatment time of powder injection desulphurization is 5-15min, 30-50 ℃ of molten steel temperature decline, the liquid steel desulphurization rate is 60-80%, and molten steel terminal point sulfur content reaches 0.004-0.001%.
The present invention adds reduction slag charge CaO:5-30kg/t, CaF in impregnating cover
2: 2-10kg/t, Al
2O
3: 0-5kg/t, SiC:0.5-3kg/t, the main component that the composition of adjusting slag in the back cover is is (%CaO)=45-66, (%SiO
2)=15-26, (%FeO+MnO)≤1, (%MgO)=3-10, (%Al
2O
3)=5-15, (%CaF
2)=1-3.
The impregnating cover insertion molten steel degree of depth is 100mm-400mm among the present invention, and the depth of penetration of refractory materials powder monitor is 0-1800mm, and the winding-up argon flow amount is 0.005-0.1Nm
3/ t.min, pressure are 0.3-0.5Mpa, the winding-up amount 0.2-2kg/t.min of sweetening agent, and the BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING flow is 0.005-0.05Nm
3/ t.min.
Refractory materials powder monitor of the present invention was jetted argon gas 1-3 minute at the interface at the slag steel earlier, and powder monitor being inserted the molten steel degree of depth is 200-1800mm again, and oxygen concn is volume percent 5-12% in blowing desulfurization pulvis 5-12 minute, sweetening process impregnating cover.
Desulfurization powder composition of the present invention is calculated by mass percentage, and the main component of sweetening agent is CaO (60-80%), CaF
2(5-20%), CaCO
3(5-10%), BaCO
3(1-6%), Na
2CO
3(1-6%), SiC (1-5%) etc.The granularity of sweetening agent is 0.0375-0.075mm.
The diameter of impregnating cover of the present invention is the 1/3-1/2D (D is the steel teeming ladle diameter) of steel teeming ladle diameter, the height H of cover
21/2-3/4H for the steel teeming ladle height
1The hatch of powder monitor is located at the central position at impregnating cover top, and diameter is 50-200mm.Charge cavity and venting hole are a hole, and diameter is the 1/4-1/6D of impregnating cover diameter
1, be positioned at apart from impregnating cover center 1/4D
1The bottom blowing device is located at the central position of ladle bottom corresponding to impregnating cover.
Fig. 1 of the present invention comprises steel teeming ladle (1), impregnating cover (2), powder monitor hole (3), refractory submerged material powder monitor (4), charge cavity (double as venting hole) (5), slag liquid (6), molten steel (7), steel teeming ladle Bottom Argon Blowing Device (8).The powder monitor hole that the impregnating cover top is provided with is positioned at the central position at impregnating cover top, and diameter is 50-200mm, and charge cavity double as venting hole is in the top center 3/4D of impregnating cover
1, D
1Be the impregnating cover diameter, the charge cavity diameter is the 1/4-1/6D of impregnating cover diameter
1
The present invention is when Liquid Steel Secondary Refining, in steel teeming ladle, a refractory materials cover is inserted molten steel, the impregnating cover on position is in the center of steel teeming ladle in the scope of center 1/6D, the depth of penetration of impregnating cover is the 1/5-1/6 of the molten steel degree of depth, the diameter of impregnating cover is the 1/3-1/2D of steel teeming ladle diameter, and the height of impregnating cover is the 1/2-3/4 of steel teeming ladle height.The refractory materials of cover is a high alumina matter, and wall thickness is 40-100mm.The vertical refractory materials spray gun that inserts in impregnating cover.
The present invention adopts high alumina matter or corundum matter powder monitor (spray gun exit diameter d
1Be 15-50mm, be the 1/50-1/100D of impregnating cover diameter
1), impregnating cover is inserted molten steel, again spray gun is inserted into slag steel position at the interface and carries out Argon, argon flow amount is 0.005-0.2Nm
3/ t.min, pressure are 0.3-0.7Mpa; Diffuse type gas permeable brick Argon is adopted in the bottom simultaneously, and argon flow amount is 0.005-0.05Nm
3/ t.min, pressure are 0.3-0.7Mpa, and the position of gas permeable brick is in the steel teeming ladle center in the scope of center 1/6D.By the rising of bottom and top argon gas stream, can reduce oxygen, nitrogen gas concn in the cover.According to experimental result, every m in the impregnating cover
3Spray into 2-3Nm
3Behind the argon gas, oxygen concentration can drop to 5%, nitrogen gas concn drops to 20%.
The original slag of steel teeming ladle is the oxidisability slag.Make the quantity of slag drop to below 0.5% of molten steel amount by pushing off the slag (converter relies on slag-blocking ball pushing off the slag, electric furnace to rely on eccentric bottom tapping).Before impregnating cover inserted molten steel, (argon flow amount was 0.1-1.0Nm by steel teeming ladle bottom Argon
3/ min), slag on the molten steel face can be blown open, form the exposed eye of molten steel of a no slag, the area of exposed eye is mainly determined exposed area at present by the decisions such as character of flow, pressure and the steel teeming ladle size of BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING, the molten steel degree of depth, molten steel by numerical simulation and experiment.
Impregnating cover diameter D
1Be by the exposed eye of molten steel diameter D
2Determine, that is: D
1≤ D
2After adopting impregnating cover, the amount of slag in the cover according to the experience of steel-making CAS technology, is generally the 0.1%-0.3% of molten steel amount.The impregnating cover top is provided with gun hole, charge cavity.Gun hole is positioned at the center at impregnating cover top, and its diameter is 50-200mm, and charge cavity also is a venting hole, is positioned at the impregnating cover top far from center 3/4D
1, its diameter is the 1/4-1/6D of impregnating cover diameter
1
The present invention adopts tapping pushing off the slag technology and steel teeming ladle impregnating cover initial slag all can not be got rid of, and last slag main component is [%CaO]=30-50 in the cover, [%SiO
2]=10-25, [%FeO+MnO]=15-25, [%MgO]=5-10.[be mainly CaO (60-80% of slag total amount), CaF by in cover, adding lime base reducing slag
2(5-20%), Al
2O
3(3-10%), CaCO
3(5-10%), SiC (2-5%), etc.].Original slag is carried out denaturing treatment, make it become the reductibility slag.The quantity of slag that adds reducing slag in impregnating cover is the 0.3-1.0% of molten steel amount, and the main component of its slag is [%CaO]=40-60 behind the formation reducing slag, [%SiO
2]=15-25, [%FeO+MnO]≤1, [%MgO]=3-8, [%Al
2O
3]=5-15.
The present invention inserts molten steel with high alumina matter in the impregnating cover or corundum matter spray gun, and spray gun inserts the molten steel degree of depth greater than 200mm.As the carrier gas composite desulfurizing agent of jetting, the flow of argon gas is 0.1-1.0Nm with argon gas
3/ t.h, the winding-up amount of sweetening agent is 2-10kg/t, the winding-up time is 5-10min.The main component of sweetening agent is CaO (60-80%), CaF
2(5-20%), CaCO
3(5-10%), BaCO
3(1-6%), Na
2CO
3(1-6%), SiC (1-5%) etc., the granularity of sweetening agent is 0.0375-0.075mm.
The temperature of the winding-up process of liquid steel desulphurization of the present invention is 1650-1700 ℃, and temperature drop is 30-50 ℃, and original sulphur is 50-120ppm, and desulfurization degree is 60-90%, the minimum 10ppm that drops to of molten steel sulphur content.
Adopt above method, solved blowing desulfurization agent process molten steel and under atmosphere, inhaled nitrogen and secondary oxidation problem, by the blowing desulfurization experiment confirm, molten steel nitrogen increased amount＜5ppm, molten steel oxygenation amount＜3ppm.
Compare with existing refinery practice, because sweetening process adopts the airtight method of impregnating cover, carrier gas with BOTTOM ARGON BLOWING and powder monitor is that argon gas dusts, can make molten steel be in the rough vacuum condition, the oxygen level of molten steel and freeboard gas is low, for liquid steel desulphurization provides good condition, therefore accelerate the liquid steel desulphurization process and prevented the molten steel secondary oxidation and suction nitrogen, so technology for desulfurizing molten steel in enclosed ladle by spraying powder has the advantage that conventional powder injection desulphurization speed of response is fast, efficient is high, molten steel secondary oxidation when having avoided simultaneously winding-up to cause molten steel to seethe again and suction nitrogen.Adopt impregnating cover powder injection desulphurization technology, desulphurization cost reduces, and the ton steel is expected to reduce 10-50 unit.This technology investment is less relatively, production cost is lower, is fit on a large scale molten steel sulphur is removed to 0.003% level.Has good popularizing application prospect.
Accompanying drawing 1 of the present invention is the longitudinal sectional drawing of steel teeming ladle impregnating cover molten steel powder injection desulphurization device sketch.Diameter is the 1/4-1/6D of impregnating cover diameter
1
Embodiment of the present invention are carried out on the 30t steel teeming ladle, steel teeming ladle diameter 1800mm, steel teeming ladle height 2400mm, impregnating cover inserts the central authorities of steel teeming ladle, the diameter of impregnating cover is 900mm, and the height of impregnating cover is 1200mm, and the plug in rifle hole of impregnating cover is 100mm, charge cavity is 200mm, and the external diameter of spray gun is 80mm.The composition of sweetening agent is CaO (65%), CaF
2(10%), CaCO
3(9%), BaCO
3(2%), Na
2CO
3(2%), SiC (2%) etc.The granularity of sweetening agent is 0.075mm.
The winding-up starting condition be, the initial sulphur in the steel is 70-90ppm, the molten steel equilibrium temperature is 1700 ℃.
The preceding spray gun that dusts is inserted into slag steel position at the interface and carries out Argon, and argon flow amount is 0.05Nm
3/ t.min, pressure are 0.4Mpa, and argon blowing time is 3min.The position of gas permeable brick is in the center of steel teeming ladle, and argon blowing rate is 0.05Nm
3/ t.min, pressure are 0.4Mpa.The amount of dusting of top spray sweetening agent is 8-10kg/t, and the winding-up time is 5min.
Terminal point sulphur average out to 25ppm in the steel after the blowing desulfurization agent, nitrogen increased amount is 1-2ppm, molten steel temperature descends 30 ℃.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99122341A CN1087034C (en) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Technology for desulfurizing molten steel in enclosed ladle by spraying powder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99122341A CN1087034C (en) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Technology for desulfurizing molten steel in enclosed ladle by spraying powder |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1294199A CN1294199A (en) | 2001-05-09 |
| CN1087034C true CN1087034C (en) | 2002-07-03 |
Family
ID=5282453
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN99122341A Expired - Fee Related CN1087034C (en) | 1999-11-02 | 1999-11-02 | Technology for desulfurizing molten steel in enclosed ladle by spraying powder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1087034C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2653743C1 (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2018-05-14 | Публичное акционерное общество "Северсталь" (ПАО "Северсталь") | Method of mixing steel in the metallurgical unit |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2197540C2 (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2003-01-27 | Хлопонин Виктор Николаевич | Method of mixing steel in ladle |
| RU2208054C1 (en) * | 2002-04-03 | 2003-07-10 | Техком Импорт Экспорт Гмбх | Method for mixing steel in ladle |
| LU90924B1 (en) * | 2002-05-24 | 2003-11-25 | Wurth Paul Sa | Metallurgical treatment process on a metal bath |
| CN102002554B (en) * | 2009-08-28 | 2012-04-25 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Rapid desulfurization refining method for ladle refining furnace |
| CN102337377A (en) * | 2011-08-23 | 2012-02-01 | 莱芜钢铁集团有限公司 | Molten steel wire feeding device and wire feeding method |
| CN102559998A (en) * | 2012-02-03 | 2012-07-11 | 北京首钢国际工程技术有限公司 | Technology for online dusting desulfuration of steel ladles |
| CN102747190A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2012-10-24 | 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Deoxygenation modifier for molten steel |
| CN105624367B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2017-07-21 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Refining device and method for controlling nitrogen content of molten steel |
| CN114606364B (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2023-08-11 | 首钢集团有限公司 | KR powder spraying molten iron pretreatment method |
| CN115976301B (en) * | 2023-02-01 | 2023-08-08 | 江苏省镔鑫钢铁集团有限公司 | Steel ladle nitrogen increasing equipment for increasing strength of anti-seismic steel bars and control method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1045128A (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1990-09-05 | 曼内斯曼股份公司 | The method and apparatus of treatment of metal in vacuum |
| CN2235449Y (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1996-09-18 | 鞍山钢铁公司 | Impregnation tube used in steel ladle refining |
-
1999
- 1999-11-02 CN CN99122341A patent/CN1087034C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1045128A (en) * | 1989-02-24 | 1990-09-05 | 曼内斯曼股份公司 | The method and apparatus of treatment of metal in vacuum |
| CN2235449Y (en) * | 1994-04-12 | 1996-09-18 | 鞍山钢铁公司 | Impregnation tube used in steel ladle refining |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2653743C1 (en) * | 2017-03-20 | 2018-05-14 | Публичное акционерное общество "Северсталь" (ПАО "Северсталь") | Method of mixing steel in the metallurgical unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1294199A (en) | 2001-05-09 |
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