CN108754073A - Improve the smelting process of heavy rail steel cleanness - Google Patents
Improve the smelting process of heavy rail steel cleanness Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 211
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 164
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ca].[Fe] Chemical compound [Ca].[Fe] WNQQFQRHFNVNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910001199 N alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- YLUIKWVQCKSMCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Mg+2].[Ca+2] YLUIKWVQCKSMCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009851 ferrous metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 54
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 22
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011419 magnesium lime Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese silicon Chemical compound [Si].[Mn] PYLLWONICXJARP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 S content: 0.001% Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron silicon Chemical group [Si].[Fe] XWHPIFXRKKHEKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003137 locomotive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000720 Silicomanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009865 steel metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
- C21C7/0645—Agents used for dephosphorising or desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/10—Handling in a vacuum
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于钢铁冶金技术领域，具体涉及一种提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of iron and steel metallurgy, and in particular relates to a smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel.
背景技术Background technique
重轨钢是铁路轨道的主要组成部分，在铁路运输过程中，钢轨对机车提供有效支撑及引导，需承受来自车轮的巨大垂向压力。基于我国基础建设发展需求，铁路运输正以迅猛的速度发展，并不断趋于高速化、重载化。这无疑对钢轨的质量提出了更加严苛的要求。Heavy rail steel is the main component of railway tracks. During railway transportation, steel rails provide effective support and guidance for locomotives and must bear huge vertical pressure from wheels. Based on the development needs of my country's infrastructure construction, railway transportation is developing at a rapid speed, and it is becoming more and more high-speed and heavy-duty. This undoubtedly puts forward stricter requirements on the quality of the rails.
钢轨与车轮接触的时候，承受着机车回环往复且多变的载荷，其洁净度对钢轨的寿命有着重要影响，钢中夹杂物是造成重轨内部损伤、产生疲劳破损的主要原因。钢中夹杂物对钢材基体组织连续性的阻碍作用，使得钢材在轧制加工、热处理以及使用过程中与夹杂物发生分离，导致缝隙产生，对钢材力学性能、抗腐蚀性等指标产生消极影响。对于钢轨的生产，其变形量轧制、复杂的热处理工艺、特殊的受力条件及气候环境等一系列影响因素对钢轨夹杂物的评级不利。When the rail is in contact with the wheel, it bears the reciprocating and variable load of the locomotive. Its cleanliness has an important impact on the life of the rail. The inclusions in the steel are the main reasons for the internal damage and fatigue damage of the heavy rail. The impediment effect of inclusions in the steel on the continuity of the matrix structure of the steel makes the steel separate from the inclusions during rolling, heat treatment and use, resulting in gaps, which have a negative impact on the mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and other indicators of the steel. For the production of rails, a series of influencing factors such as deformation rolling, complex heat treatment process, special stress conditions and climate environment are unfavorable to the rating of rail inclusions.
随着我国高铁的快速发展和重轨铁路的提速，高速钢轨的需求越来越大，高速铁路对疲劳性能要求非常高，而重轨钢的洁净度能在很大程度上影响其疲劳性能，为提高疲劳性能，需要控制重轨钢的洁净度。一般而言，洁净度包含P+S+O+N+H以及夹杂物。在本技术开发前，国内重轨钢洁净度P+S+O+N+H≤200ppm，夹杂物各类评级≤1.5级。为满足高速铁路的要求，进一步提高钢水洁净度，需要开发P+S+O+N+H≤160ppm，夹杂物各类评级≤1.0级的高速轨生产技术。With the rapid development of my country's high-speed rail and the speed-up of heavy-rail railways, the demand for high-speed steel rails is increasing. High-speed railways have very high requirements on fatigue performance, and the cleanliness of heavy rail steel can greatly affect its fatigue performance. In order to improve fatigue performance, it is necessary to control the cleanliness of heavy rail steel. Generally speaking, cleanliness includes P+S+O+N+H and inclusions. Before the development of this technology, the cleanliness of domestic heavy rail steel was P+S+O+N+H≤200ppm, and the ratings of various inclusions were ≤1.5. In order to meet the requirements of high-speed railways and further improve the cleanliness of molten steel, it is necessary to develop high-speed rail production technology with P+S+O+N+H≤160ppm and various ratings of inclusions≤1.0.
专利CN104975130A公开了一种控制重轨钢洁净度的方法，该方法包括转炉冶炼、LF精炼、RH真空处理及连铸，其中在LF精炼过程使用活性石灰、碳化硅及石英砂造渣的精炼，控制制备得到的重轨钢连铸坯硫含量≤0.006％，得到钢中夹杂物A类为1.5～2.0级，B类、C类、D类为0.5级，难以满足高速铁路的要求。Patent CN104975130A discloses a method for controlling the cleanliness of heavy rail steel. The method includes converter smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum treatment and continuous casting. In the LF refining process, active lime, silicon carbide and quartz sand are used for slag refining. Controlling the sulfur content of the prepared heavy rail steel continuous casting slab to ≤0.006%, the inclusions in the steel A are 1.5-2.0, and B, C, and D are 0.5, which is difficult to meet the requirements of high-speed railways.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是现有国内重轨钢洁净度难以满足高速铁路P+S+O+N+H≤160ppm，夹杂物各类评级≤1.0级的要求。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the cleanliness of the existing domestic heavy rail steel is difficult to meet the requirements of high-speed railways P+S+O+N+H≤160ppm, and various ratings of inclusions≤1.0.
本发明为解决其技术问题采用的技术方案是提供了一种提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法，该方法包括如下步骤：The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for solving its technical problem is to provide a kind of smelting method that improves the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, and this method comprises the following steps:
a、铁水预处理：以活性石灰和钝化镁粉作为脱硫剂对铁水脱硫，获得S含量≤0.003％，P含量≤0.080％的脱硫后铁水；a. Hot metal pretreatment: use active lime and passivated magnesium powder as desulfurizers to desulfurize hot metal to obtain desulfurized hot metal with S content ≤ 0.003% and P content ≤ 0.080%;
b、转炉冶炼：向转炉内加入步骤a脱硫后铁水，加入活性石灰、石英砂、高镁石灰和炼钢污泥球进行转炉冶炼，同时以氧枪供氧进行吹炼，吹炼结束后得到P含量≤0.003％的钢水，钢水出钢过程中加入低氮合金；b. Converter smelting: Add molten iron after desulfurization in step a into the converter, add active lime, quartz sand, high-magnesium lime and steelmaking sludge balls to carry out converter smelting, and at the same time use an oxygen lance to supply oxygen for blowing. For molten steel with P content ≤ 0.003%, low-nitrogen alloys are added during the tapping process of molten steel;
c、LF精炼：将步骤b所得钢水送至LF钢包炉，加入碳化钙和高碱度精炼渣后加热，精炼20～30min后，向钢水中加入石英砂，精炼5～10min后，向钢水中加入12～15m/t钢水的铁钙线，吹氩处理后钢水出站；c. LF refining: Send the molten steel obtained in step b to the LF ladle furnace, add calcium carbide and high-basicity refining slag and heat it. After refining for 20-30 minutes, add quartz sand to the molten steel. After refining for 5-10 minutes, pour it into the molten steel Add 12-15m/t of molten steel to the iron-calcium line, and the molten steel will leave the station after blowing argon;
d、RH精炼：LF精炼完成后，将钢水转入RH钢包炉进行真空处理，加入低氮合金，真空处理完成，吹氩处理后钢水出站；d. RH refining: After the LF refining is completed, the molten steel is transferred to the RH ladle furnace for vacuum treatment, adding low-nitrogen alloy, the vacuum treatment is completed, and the molten steel leaves the station after argon blowing treatment;
e、连铸：对步骤d所得钢水进行连铸。e. Continuous casting: performing continuous casting on the molten steel obtained in step d.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤a中，所述活性石灰的用量为4～6kg/t铁水；钝化镁粉的用量为1～3kg/t铁水。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step a, the dosage of the active lime is 4-6 kg/t molten iron; the dosage of passivating magnesium powder is 1-3 kg/t molten iron.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤a和b中，所述活性石灰含CaO90％以上，余为杂质；步骤b中，所述活性石灰的用量为15～20kg/t铁水；所述石英砂的用量为10～15kg/t铁水，含SiO295％以上，余为杂质；所述高镁石灰的用量为10～15kg/t铁水，含MgO30％～40％、CaO50％～60％，余为杂质；所述炼钢污泥球是由炼钢转炉烟气中回收得到的尘泥制备得到的球状固体；其用量为2～3kg/t铁水，含CaO30％～40％、SiO210％～20％、Fe10％～20％，余为杂质。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in steps a and b, the active lime contains more than 90% CaO, and the remainder is impurities; in step b, the amount of active lime is 15-20kg/t molten iron The consumption of the quartz sand is 10-15kg/t molten iron, containing more than 95% of SiO 2 , and the remainder is impurities; the consumption of the high-magnesia lime is 10-15kg/t molten iron, containing 30%-40% of MgO and 50% of CaO ～60%, the remainder is impurities; the steelmaking sludge ball is a spherical solid prepared from the dust sludge recovered from the steelmaking converter flue gas; its dosage is 2～3kg/t molten iron, containing 30%～40% of CaO , SiO 2 10% to 20%, Fe10% to 20%, and the rest are impurities.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤b中，所述钢水出钢过程中，当出钢量为1/2以上时加入低氮合金。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step b, during the tapping process of the molten steel, a low-nitrogen alloy is added when the tapping amount is more than 1/2.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤b中，所述吹炼过程中，氧枪的吹炼枪位控制在1.5～2.5m。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step b, during the blowing process, the blowing lance position of the oxygen lance is controlled at 1.5-2.5m.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤b中，所述吹炼过程中，温度控制在1640～1670℃。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step b, during the blowing process, the temperature is controlled at 1640-1670°C.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c和d中，所述LF和RH精炼吹氩处理的流量为50～80NL/min，持续时间为5～10min。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in steps c and d, the flow rate of the LF and RH refining argon blowing treatment is 50-80 NL/min, and the duration is 5-10 min.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c中，所述碳化钙的用量为0.2～0.8kg/t钢水；所述高碱度精炼渣的用量为1～5kg/t钢水；所述石英砂的用量为0.2～0.8kg/t钢水。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step c, the dosage of the calcium carbide is 0.2-0.8kg/t molten steel; the dosage of the high-alkalinity refining slag is 1-5kg/t molten steel; The dosage of the quartz sand is 0.2-0.8kg/t molten steel.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c中，所述LF精炼温度为1580～1595℃。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step c, the LF refining temperature is 1580-1595°C.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c中，所述碳化钙含CaC295％以上，其余为杂质；所述高碱度精炼渣含CaO60％～70％、Al2O30～10％、SiO220％～30％，其余为杂质。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step c, the calcium carbide contains more than 95% of CaC 2 , and the rest is impurities; the high-alkalinity refining slag contains 60% to 70% of CaO, Al 2 O 3 0-10%, SiO 2 20%-30%, and the rest are impurities.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c中，所述铁钙线的成分以质量百分数计包括68％的Fe和30％的Ca，其余为杂质；所述铁钙线的规格为200g/m；所述铁钙线的直径为10mm。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step c, the composition of the iron-calcium wire includes 68% Fe and 30% Ca by mass percentage, and the rest are impurities; The specification is 200g/m; the diameter of the iron-calcium wire is 10mm.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤d中，所述RH精炼控制真空度≤100Pa，真空处理15～20min。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step d, the RH refining controls the vacuum degree ≤ 100 Pa, and the vacuum treatment is 15-20 minutes.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤d中，所述RH精炼温度为1535～1550℃。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step d, the RH refining temperature is 1535-1550°C.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，所述转炉冶炼和RH精炼加入的低氮合金的含氮量≤0.01％。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the nitrogen content of the low-nitrogen alloy added in the converter smelting and RH refining is ≤0.01%.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，所述低氮合金包括含氮量为0.005％的硅铁、含氮量为0.003％的硅锰、含氮量为0.002％的硅铁、含氮量为0.001％的锰铁。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the low-nitrogen alloy includes ferrosilicon with a nitrogen content of 0.005%, silicon-manganese with a nitrogen content of 0.003%, ferrosilicon with a nitrogen content of 0.002%, Ferromanganese with a nitrogen content of 0.001%.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，所述含氮量为0.005％的硅铁合金的组成以质量百分数计为75％Si、24％Fe、0.005％N，余为杂质；所述含氮量为0.003％的硅锰合金的组成以质量百分数计为28％Si、70％Mn、0.003％N，余为杂质；所述含氮量为0.002％的硅铁合金的组成以质量百分数计为75％Si、24％Fe、0.002％N，余为杂质；所述含氮量为0.001％的锰铁合金的组成以质量百分比计为75％Mn、24％Fe、0.001％N，余为杂质。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the composition of the ferrosilicon alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.005% is 75% Si, 24% Fe, and 0.005% N by mass percentage, and the remainder is impurities; The composition of the silicon-manganese alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.003% is 28% Si, 70% Mn, 0.003% N by mass percentage, and the remainder is impurities; the composition of the silicon-iron alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.002% is by mass percentage It is 75% Si, 24% Fe, 0.002% N, and the rest are impurities; the composition of the ferromanganese alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.001% is 75% Mn, 24% Fe, 0.001% N, and the rest are impurities .
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，所述冶炼过程加入含氮量为0.005％的硅铁合金的量为10～15kg/t钢水；加入含氮量为0.003％的硅锰合金的量为15～20kg/t钢水；所述RH精炼过程加入含氮量为0.002％的硅铁合金的量为1～3kg/t钢水；加入含氮量为0.001％的锰铁合金的量为1～3kg/t钢水。Among them, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the amount of ferrosilicon alloy with nitrogen content of 0.005% added in the smelting process is 10-15kg/t molten steel; The amount is 15-20kg/t molten steel; the amount of ferrosilicon alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.002% added in the RH refining process is 1-3kg/t molten steel; the amount of ferromanganese alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.001% is 1-3kg /t molten steel.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤e中，所述连铸过程采用大方坯连铸，生产成横截面为250mm×250mm以上的大方连铸坯产品。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step e, the continuous casting process adopts bloom continuous casting to produce a generous continuous casting billet product with a cross section of more than 250mm×250mm.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明方法提高了重轨钢的洁净度，控制钢轨中P+S+O+N+H≤160ppm，夹杂物各类评级≤1.0级，满足了目前对高速钢轨的要求，直接提高了钢轨的疲劳性能和力学性能，为下一代钢轨的生产提供了有力的技术支撑，具有显著的社会效益。本发明方法可以控制重轨钢中P≤0.0060％、S≤0.0030％、O≤0.0010％、N≤0.0050％及H≤0.00015％，适用P、S、O、N和H单个元素有控制要求的钢种。本发明方法在控制钢水的氧活度≤0.0015％的基础上，LF精炼过程采用12～15m/t钢水的铁钙线进行钙处理，改善硅酸盐夹杂物和抑制MnS的析出，有效改善硅酸盐夹杂以及硫化物夹杂物，从而降低夹杂物评级。本发明方法冶炼过程结束后出钢时，当出钢量为1/2以上时加入低氮合金进行脱氧，抑制氮进入钢水中，有效控制钢水中氮含量。The method of the invention improves the cleanliness of the heavy rail steel, controls the P+S+O+N+H in the rail to ≤160ppm, and the various ratings of the inclusions≤1.0, which meets the current requirements for high-speed rails and directly improves the quality of the rails. Fatigue performance and mechanical properties provide strong technical support for the production of next-generation rails and have significant social benefits. The method of the invention can control P ≤ 0.0060%, S ≤ 0.0030%, O ≤ 0.0010%, N ≤ 0.0050% and H ≤ 0.00015% in heavy rail steel, and is suitable for P, S, O, N and H with control requirements steel type. On the basis of controlling the oxygen activity of molten steel to be ≤0.0015%, the method of the present invention adopts iron-calcium wire of 12-15m/t molten steel for calcium treatment in the LF refining process, so as to improve silicate inclusions and inhibit the precipitation of MnS, effectively improving silicon salt inclusions as well as sulfide inclusions, thereby lowering the inclusion rating. When the steel is tapped after the smelting process of the method of the present invention is completed, when the tapped amount is more than 1/2, a low-nitrogen alloy is added for deoxidation, so as to inhibit nitrogen from entering molten steel and effectively control the nitrogen content in molten steel.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
基于现有国内重轨钢的洁净度P+S+O+N+H≤200ppm，夹杂物各类评级≤1.5级，难以满足高速铁路的要求，为了寻找提高重轨钢洁净度的方法，发明人通过大量研究，提供了一种提高重轨钢洁净度的方法，可使洁净度P+S+O+N+H≤160ppm，夹杂物各类评级≤1.0级。Based on the cleanliness of the existing domestic heavy rail steel P+S+O+N+H≤200ppm, and the various ratings of inclusions≤1.5, it is difficult to meet the requirements of high-speed railways. In order to find a way to improve the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the invention Through a lot of research, people have provided a method to improve the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, which can make the cleanliness P+S+O+N+H≤160ppm, and the ratings of various inclusions≤1.0.
本发明提供了一种提高重轨钢洁净度的方法，该方法包括如下步骤：The invention provides a method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the method comprising the steps of:
a、铁水预处理：以活性石灰和钝化镁粉作为脱硫剂对铁水脱硫，获得S含量≤0.003％，P含量≤0.080％的脱硫后铁水；a. Hot metal pretreatment: use active lime and passivated magnesium powder as desulfurizers to desulfurize hot metal to obtain desulfurized hot metal with S content ≤ 0.003% and P content ≤ 0.080%;
b、转炉冶炼：向转炉内加入步骤a脱硫后铁水，加入活性石灰、石英砂、高镁石灰和炼钢污泥球进行转炉冶炼，同时以氧枪供氧进行吹炼，吹炼结束后得到P含量≤0.003％的钢水，钢水出钢过程中加入低氮合金；b. Converter smelting: Add molten iron after desulfurization in step a into the converter, add active lime, quartz sand, high-magnesium lime and steelmaking sludge balls to carry out converter smelting, and at the same time use an oxygen lance to supply oxygen for blowing. For molten steel with P content ≤ 0.003%, low-nitrogen alloys are added during the tapping process of molten steel;
c、LF精炼：将步骤b所得钢水送至LF钢包炉，加入碳化钙和高碱度精炼渣后加热，精炼20～30min后，向钢水中加入石英砂，精炼5～10min后，向钢水中加入12～15m/t钢水的铁钙线，吹氩处理后钢水出站；c. LF refining: Send the molten steel obtained in step b to the LF ladle furnace, add calcium carbide and high-basicity refining slag and heat it. After refining for 20-30 minutes, add quartz sand to the molten steel. After refining for 5-10 minutes, pour it into the molten steel Add 12-15m/t of molten steel to the iron-calcium line, and the molten steel will leave the station after blowing argon;
d、RH精炼：LF精炼完成后，将钢水转入RH钢包炉进行真空处理，加入低氮合金，真空处理完成，吹氩处理后钢水出站；d. RH refining: After the LF refining is completed, the molten steel is transferred to the RH ladle furnace for vacuum treatment, adding low-nitrogen alloy, the vacuum treatment is completed, and the molten steel leaves the station after argon blowing treatment;
e、连铸：对步骤d所得钢水进行连铸。e. Continuous casting: performing continuous casting on the molten steel obtained in step d.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤a中，所述活性石灰的用量为4～6kg/t铁水；钝化镁粉的用量为1～3kg/t铁水。铁水预处理利用惰性气体将活性石灰粉和钝化镁粉混合，利用旋转脱硫喷枪喷入铁水中，喷吹时间为15～30min，喷吹完成后获得脱硫后铁水，其中S含量≤0.003％，P含量≤0.080％。本发明中脱硫前铁水为炼钢一般铁水，铁水S含量范围可以在0.060％～0.120％，大于0.012％也可以实施，但是会延长脱硫时间，影响生产进度。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step a, the dosage of the active lime is 4-6 kg/t molten iron; the dosage of passivating magnesium powder is 1-3 kg/t molten iron. Hot metal pretreatment uses inert gas to mix active lime powder and passivated magnesium powder, and uses a rotary desulfurization spray gun to spray into molten iron for 15 to 30 minutes. After the injection is completed, desulfurized molten iron is obtained, wherein the S content is ≤0.003%. P content≤0.080%. In the present invention, the molten iron before desulfurization is the common molten iron for steelmaking. The S content range of the molten iron can be 0.060% to 0.120%, and it can also be implemented if it is greater than 0.012%, but it will prolong the desulfurization time and affect the production progress.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤a和b中，所述活性石灰含CaO90％以上，余为杂质；步骤b中，所述活性石灰的用量为15～20kg/t铁水；所述石英砂的用量为10～15kg/t铁水，含SiO295％以上，余为杂质；所述高镁石灰的用量为10～15kg/t铁水，含MgO30％～40％、CaO50％～60％，余为杂质；所述炼钢污泥球是由炼钢转炉烟气中回收得到的尘泥制备得到的球状固体；其用量为2～3kg/t铁水，含CaO30％～40％、SiO210％～20％、Fe10％～20％，余为杂质。本发明中活性石灰、石英砂、高镁石灰和炼钢污泥球分批次加入，先分别加入活性石灰、石英砂高镁石灰和炼钢污泥球，待炉渣熔化后，再分别加入活性石灰、石英砂高镁石灰和炼钢污泥球，多批次加入至全部加入。活性石灰、石英砂、高镁石灰和炼钢污泥球组成的造渣材料化学成分均匀、稳定，能够起到提前化渣，缩短冶炼时间，有效脱磷的作用。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in steps a and b, the active lime contains more than 90% CaO, and the remainder is impurities; in step b, the amount of active lime is 15-20kg/t molten iron The consumption of the quartz sand is 10-15kg/t molten iron, containing more than 95% of SiO 2 , and the remainder is impurities; the consumption of the high-magnesia lime is 10-15kg/t molten iron, containing 30%-40% of MgO and 50% of CaO ～60%, the remainder is impurities; the steelmaking sludge ball is a spherical solid prepared from the dust sludge recovered from the steelmaking converter flue gas; its dosage is 2～3kg/t molten iron, containing 30%～40% of CaO , SiO 2 10% to 20%, Fe10% to 20%, and the rest are impurities. In the present invention, active lime, quartz sand, high-magnesium lime and steelmaking sludge balls are added in batches. First, active lime, quartz sand high-magnesium lime and steelmaking sludge balls are added respectively. After the slag is melted, active lime is added respectively. Lime, quartz sand high-magnesia lime and steelmaking sludge balls are added in multiple batches until all are added. The chemical composition of the slagging material composed of activated lime, quartz sand, high-magnesium lime and steelmaking sludge balls is uniform and stable, which can reduce slag in advance, shorten the smelting time and effectively dephosphorize.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤b中，所述吹炼过程中，氧枪的吹炼枪位控制在1.5～2.5m。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step b, during the blowing process, the blowing lance position of the oxygen lance is controlled at 1.5-2.5m.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤b中，所述吹炼过程中，温度控制在1640～1670℃。温度不应超过1670℃，温度过高，不利于脱磷反应的进行。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step b, during the blowing process, the temperature is controlled at 1640-1670°C. The temperature should not exceed 1670°C. If the temperature is too high, it is not conducive to the dephosphorization reaction.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤b中，为了保证钢水中较低的氮含量，钢水出钢过程中，当出钢量为1/2以上时加入低氮合金进行扩散脱氧和钢水合金化，确保了出钢前期钢水氧活度较高，从而抑制氮进入钢水。Among them, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step b, in order to ensure a lower nitrogen content in molten steel, during the tapping process of molten steel, when the tapping amount is more than 1/2, a low-nitrogen alloy is added for diffusion Deoxidation and alloying of molten steel ensure that the oxygen activity of molten steel is high in the early stage of tapping, thereby inhibiting nitrogen from entering molten steel.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c中，所述碳化钙的用量为0.2～0.8kg/t钢水；所述高碱度精炼渣的用量为1～5kg/t钢水；所述石英砂的用量为0.2～0.8kg/t钢水。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step c, the dosage of the calcium carbide is 0.2-0.8kg/t molten steel; the dosage of the high-alkalinity refining slag is 1-5kg/t molten steel; The dosage of the quartz sand is 0.2-0.8kg/t molten steel.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c中，所述碳化钙含CaC295％以上，其余为杂质；所述高碱度精炼渣含CaO60％～70％、Al2O30～10％、SiO220％～30％，其余为杂质。加入碳化钙和高碱度精炼渣的目的可以均匀地降低LF炉内钢渣的氧化性，降低其熔点，利于吸附钢水中的夹杂物，进行扩散脱氧，控制钢水中氧活度≤0.0015％，一方面为了控制夹杂物，防止连铸过程氧化钢水中的Al、Si等元素；另一方面是为了提高Ca的收得率，减少铁钙线加入钢水后被钢水中的O氧化成CaO。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step c, the calcium carbide contains more than 95% of CaC 2 , and the rest is impurities; the high-alkalinity refining slag contains 60% to 70% of CaO, Al 2 O 3 0-10%, SiO 2 20%-30%, and the rest are impurities. The purpose of adding calcium carbide and high alkalinity refining slag can evenly reduce the oxidation of steel slag in LF furnace, lower its melting point, facilitate the adsorption of inclusions in molten steel, carry out diffusion deoxidation, and control the oxygen activity in molten steel ≤0.0015%. On the one hand, it is to control inclusions and prevent the oxidation of Al, Si and other elements in molten steel during continuous casting; on the other hand, it is to increase the yield of Ca and reduce the oxidation of iron-calcium wire to CaO by O in molten steel after it is added to molten steel.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c中，所述LF精炼温度为1580～1595℃。LF精炼可以深度脱氧、脱硫、降低钢水夹杂物、提高钢水的洁净度。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step c, the LF refining temperature is 1580-1595°C. LF refining can deeply deoxidize, desulfurize, reduce molten steel inclusions, and improve the cleanliness of molten steel.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c中，为了改善硅酸盐夹杂物和抑制MnS的析出，降低夹杂物评级，采用12～15m/t钢水的铁钙线进行钙处理。Among them, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step c, in order to improve silicate inclusions, suppress the precipitation of MnS, and reduce the rating of inclusions, the iron-calcium wire of 12-15m/t molten steel is used for calcium treatment .
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c中，所述铁钙线的成分以质量百分数计包括68％的Fe和30％的Ca，其余为杂质；所述铁钙线的规格为200g/m；所述铁钙线的直径为10mm。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step c, the composition of the iron-calcium wire includes 68% Fe and 30% Ca by mass percentage, and the rest are impurities; The specification is 200g/m; the diameter of the iron-calcium wire is 10mm.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤c和d中，所述LF和RH精炼吹氩处理的流量为50～80NL/min，持续时间为5～10min。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in steps c and d, the flow rate of the LF and RH refining argon blowing treatment is 50-80 NL/min, and the duration is 5-10 min.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤d中，所述RH精炼控制真空度≤100Pa，真空处理15～20min。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step d, the RH refining controls the vacuum degree ≤ 100 Pa, and the vacuum treatment is 15-20 minutes.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤d中，所述RH精炼温度为1535～1550℃。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step d, the RH refining temperature is 1535-1550°C.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤d中，为了使钢水合金化、保证钢水成分满足目标要求，钢水进入RH钢包炉真空处理8min后开始加入低氮合金，控制钢水中氮含量≤0.0050％，控制钢水中氧活度≤0.0010％。Among them, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step d, in order to alloy the molten steel and ensure that the composition of the molten steel meets the target requirements, the molten steel enters the RH ladle furnace for vacuum treatment for 8 minutes and then starts to add low-nitrogen alloys to control the nitrogen in the molten steel. The content is ≤0.0050%, and the oxygen activity in molten steel is controlled to be ≤0.0010%.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，所述转炉冶炼和RH精炼加入的低氮合金的含氮量≤0.01％。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the nitrogen content of the low-nitrogen alloy added in the converter smelting and RH refining is ≤0.01%.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，所述低氮合金包括含氮量为0.005％的硅铁、含氮量为0.003％的硅锰、含氮量为0.002％的硅铁、含氮量为0.001％的锰铁。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the low-nitrogen alloy includes ferrosilicon with a nitrogen content of 0.005%, silicon-manganese with a nitrogen content of 0.003%, ferrosilicon with a nitrogen content of 0.002%, Ferromanganese with a nitrogen content of 0.001%.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，所述含氮量为0.005％的硅铁合金的组成以质量百分数计为75％Si、24％Fe、0.005％N，余为杂质；所述含氮量为0.003％的硅锰合金的组成以质量百分数计为28％Si、70％Mn、0.003％N，余为杂质；所述含氮量为0.002％的硅铁合金的组成以质量百分数计为75％Si、24％Fe、0.002％N，余为杂质；所述含氮量为0.001％的锰铁合金的组成以质量百分比计为75％Mn、24％Fe、0.001％N，余为杂质。Wherein, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the composition of the ferrosilicon alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.005% is 75% Si, 24% Fe, and 0.005% N by mass percentage, and the remainder is impurities; The composition of the silicon-manganese alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.003% is 28% Si, 70% Mn, 0.003% N by mass percentage, and the remainder is impurities; the composition of the silicon-iron alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.002% is by mass percentage It is 75% Si, 24% Fe, 0.002% N, and the rest are impurities; the composition of the ferromanganese alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.001% is 75% Mn, 24% Fe, 0.001% N, and the rest are impurities .
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，所述冶炼过程加入含氮量为0.005％的硅铁合金的量为10～15kg/t钢水；加入含氮量为0.003％的硅锰合金的量为15～20kg/t钢水；所述RH精炼过程加入含氮量为0.002％的硅铁合金的量为1～3kg/t钢水；加入含氮量为0.001％的锰铁合金的量为1～3kg/t钢水。Among them, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, the amount of ferrosilicon alloy with nitrogen content of 0.005% added in the smelting process is 10-15kg/t molten steel; The amount is 15-20kg/t molten steel; the amount of ferrosilicon alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.002% added in the RH refining process is 1-3kg/t molten steel; the amount of ferromanganese alloy with a nitrogen content of 0.001% is 1-3kg /t molten steel.
其中，上述提高重轨钢洁净度的冶炼方法中，步骤e中，所述连铸过程在开浇前对中间包进行吹氩5min～10min；长水口采用密封垫圈密封；生产成横截面为250mm×250mm以上的大方连铸坯产品。Among them, in the above-mentioned smelting method for improving the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, in step e, in the continuous casting process, the tundish is blown with argon for 5 minutes to 10 minutes before pouring; the long nozzle is sealed with a sealing gasket; Large square continuous casting slab products over 250mm.
下面将通过具体的实施例对本发明进行详细的阐述。The present invention will be described in detail below through specific examples.
实施例1Example 1
铁水预处理：以铁水为原料，利用载气将4kg/t铁水的活性石灰和1kg/t铁水的钝化镁粉混合，利用旋转脱硫喷枪喷入铁水中，其喷吹时间为15min，脱硫后获得低硫铁水，S含量：0.001％，P含量：0.075％。Molten iron pretreatment: use molten iron as raw material, use carrier gas to mix 4kg/t molten iron active lime and 1kg/t molten iron passivated magnesium powder, use rotary desulfurization spray gun to spray into molten iron, the injection time is 15min, after desulfurization Obtain low sulfur molten iron, S content: 0.001%, P content: 0.075%.
转炉冶炼：向转炉内加入脱硫后铁水，加入15kg/t铁水的活性石灰、10kg/t铁水的石英砂、10kg/t铁水的高镁石灰和2kg/t铁水的炼钢污泥球，单渣法冶炼，同时以氧枪供氧进行吹炼，氧枪的吹炼枪位控制在1.5～2.5m，吹炼过程温度为1668℃。冶炼结束后将铁水初炼成钢水，P含量为0.0025％。转炉冶炼结束后出钢，当出钢量为1/2以上时加入10kg/t钢水含氮量为0.005％的硅铁，加入15kg/t钢水含氮量为0.003％的硅锰。Converter smelting: add molten iron after desulfurization into the converter, add 15kg/t molten iron active lime, 10kg/t molten iron quartz sand, 10kg/t molten iron high magnesium lime and 2kg/t molten iron steelmaking sludge balls, single slag At the same time, oxygen is supplied by oxygen lance for blowing. The blowing lance position of the oxygen lance is controlled at 1.5-2.5m, and the temperature of the blowing process is 1668°C. After the smelting is finished, the molten iron is initially smelted into molten steel with a P content of 0.0025%. After the converter smelting is completed, the steel is tapped. When the tapping amount is more than 1/2, 10kg/t of ferrosilicon with a nitrogen content of 0.005% in molten steel is added, and 15kg/t of silicon manganese with a nitrogen content of 0.003% in molten steel is added.
LF精炼：将转炉冶炼得到的钢水送至LF炉钢包中进行精炼，LF炉加热前，向钢包内加入0.2kg/t钢水的碳化钙、1kg/t钢水的高碱度精炼渣，加热至1580℃，精炼20min后，向钢包内加入0.2kg/t钢水的石英砂，继续精炼5min后，向钢包内加入12m/t钢水的铁钙线进行钙处理，钙处理结束后向LF炉内以50NL/min的流量吹氩5min，钢水出站。LF refining: Send molten steel obtained from converter smelting to LF furnace ladle for refining. Before heating in LF furnace, add 0.2kg/t molten steel calcium carbide and 1kg/t molten steel high alkalinity refining slag into the ladle, and heat to 1580 ℃, after refining for 20 minutes, add 0.2kg/t molten steel quartz sand into the ladle, continue refining for 5 minutes, add 12m/t molten steel iron-calcium wire into the ladle for calcium treatment, after the calcium treatment, pour 50NL of molten steel into the LF furnace Argon is blown at a flow rate of /min for 5 minutes, and the molten steel leaves the station.
RH精炼：LF炉精炼完成后，将钢水转入RH炉钢包进行真空处理，控制真空度为70Pa，精炼温度为1535℃，钢水进入RH钢包炉真空处理8min后开始加入2.5kg/t钢水含氮量为0.002％的硅铁，加入2.5kg/t钢水含氮量为0.001％的锰铁。真空处理18min后以50NL/min的流量吹氩气5min，钢水出站。RH refining: After finishing refining in LF furnace, transfer molten steel to RH furnace ladle for vacuum treatment, control the vacuum degree to 70Pa, refining temperature at 1535°C, and start adding 2.5kg/t molten steel containing nitrogen after entering RH ladle furnace for vacuum treatment for 8 minutes 0.002% ferrosilicon, and 2.5kg/t molten steel with 0.001% nitrogen ferromanganese was added. After 18 minutes of vacuum treatment, blow argon gas at a flow rate of 50NL/min for 5 minutes, and the molten steel leaves the station.
连铸：钢水送至连铸工序，开浇前对中间包进行吹氩5min；长水口采用密封垫圈密封，生产成横截面为280mm×380mm的大方连铸坯产品。Continuous casting: The molten steel is sent to the continuous casting process, and the tundish is blown with argon for 5 minutes before pouring; the long nozzle is sealed with a sealing gasket, and a large continuous casting billet product with a cross section of 280mm×380mm is produced.
将得到的连铸坯轧制成60kg钢轨，所生产的钢轨P+S+O+N+H＝0.0146％，其中，P0.0060％、S 0.0030％、O 0.0010％、N 0.0045％、H 0.0001％。夹杂物各类评级：A类1.0级，B类、C类、D类均为0级。The obtained continuous casting slab is rolled into 60kg steel rail, and the produced steel rail P+S+O+N+H=0.0146%, wherein, P0.0060%, S 0.0030%, O 0.0010%, N 0.0045%, H 0.0001 %. Various ratings of inclusions: Class A is 1.0, Class B, Class C, and Class D are all grade 0.
实施例2Example 2
铁水预处理：以铁水为原料，利用载气将6kg/t铁水的活性石灰和3kg/t铁水的钝化镁粉混合，利用旋转脱硫喷枪喷入铁水中，其喷吹时间为30min，脱硫后获得低硫铁水，S含量：0.001％，P含量：0.076％。Molten iron pretreatment: use molten iron as raw material, use carrier gas to mix 6kg/t molten iron active lime and 3kg/t molten iron passivated magnesium powder, use rotary desulfurization spray gun to spray into molten iron, the injection time is 30min, after desulfurization Obtain low sulfur molten iron, S content: 0.001%, P content: 0.076%.
转炉冶炼：向转炉内加入脱硫后铁水，加入20kg/t铁水的活性石灰、15kg/t铁水的石英砂、15kg/t铁水的高镁石灰和3kg/t铁水的炼钢污泥球，单渣法冶炼，同时以氧枪供氧进行吹炼，氧枪的吹炼枪位控制在1.5～2.5m，吹炼过程温度为1658℃。冶炼结束后将铁水初炼成钢水，P含量为0.0018％。转炉冶炼结束后出钢，当出钢量为1/2以上时加入15kg/t钢水含氮量为0.005％的硅铁，加入20kg/t钢水含氮量为0.003％的硅锰。Converter smelting: Add molten iron after desulfurization into the converter, add 20kg/t molten iron active lime, 15kg/t molten iron quartz sand, 15kg/t molten iron high magnesium lime and 3kg/t molten iron steelmaking sludge ball, single slag At the same time, oxygen is supplied by oxygen lance for blowing. The blowing lance position of the oxygen lance is controlled at 1.5-2.5m, and the temperature of the blowing process is 1658°C. After the smelting is finished, the molten iron is initially smelted into molten steel with a P content of 0.0018%. After the converter smelting is completed, the steel is tapped. When the tapping amount is more than 1/2, 15kg/t of ferrosilicon with a nitrogen content of 0.005% is added, and 20kg/t of silicomanganese with a nitrogen content of 0.003% is added.
LF精炼：将转炉冶炼得到的钢水送至LF炉钢包中进行精炼，LF炉加热前，向钢包内加入0.8kg/t钢水的碳化钙、5kg/t钢水的高碱度精炼渣，加热至1595℃，精炼30min后，向钢包内加入0.8kg/t钢水的石英砂，继续精炼10min后，向钢包内加入15m/t钢水的铁钙线进行钙处理，钙处理结束后向LF炉内以80NL/min的流量吹氩10min，钢水出站。LF refining: Send the molten steel obtained from converter smelting to the ladle of LF furnace for refining. Before heating in LF furnace, add calcium carbide of 0.8kg/t molten steel and high alkalinity refining slag of 5kg/t molten steel into the ladle, and heat to 1595 ℃, after refining for 30 minutes, add 0.8kg/t molten steel quartz sand to the ladle, continue refining for 10 minutes, add 15m/t molten steel iron-calcium wire to the ladle for calcium treatment, after the calcium treatment, pour 80NL of molten steel into the LF furnace Argon is blown for 10 minutes at a flow rate of /min, and the molten steel leaves the station.
RH精炼：LF炉精炼完成后，将钢水转入RH炉钢包进行真空处理，控制真空度为60Pa，精炼温度为1550℃，钢水进入RH钢包炉真空处理8min后开始加入1kg/t钢水含氮量为0.002％的硅铁，加入1kg/t钢水含氮量为0.001％的锰铁。真空处理19min后以80NL/min的流量吹氩气10min，钢水出站。RH refining: After the LF furnace refining is completed, the molten steel is transferred to the RH furnace ladle for vacuum treatment. The vacuum degree is controlled at 60Pa, and the refining temperature is 1550°C. For 0.002% ferrosilicon, add 1kg/t molten steel with 0.001% nitrogen ferromanganese. After 19 minutes of vacuum treatment, blow argon gas at a flow rate of 80NL/min for 10 minutes, and the molten steel leaves the station.
连铸：钢水送至连铸工序，开浇前对中间包进行吹氩10min；长水口采用密封垫圈密封，生产成横截面为280mm×380mm的大方连铸坯产品。Continuous casting: The molten steel is sent to the continuous casting process, and the tundish is blown with argon for 10 minutes before pouring; the long nozzle is sealed with a sealing gasket, and a large continuous casting slab product with a cross section of 280mm×380mm is produced.
将得到的连铸坯轧制成60kg/m钢轨，所生产的钢轨P+S+O+N+H＝0.0121％，其中，P0.0050％、S 0.0020％、O 0.0008％、N 0.0042％、H 0.0001％。夹杂物各类评级：A类0.5级，B类、C类、D类均为0级。The obtained continuous casting slab is rolled into 60kg/m rail, and the produced rail P+S+O+N+H=0.0121%, wherein, P0.0050%, S 0.0020%, O 0.0008%, N 0.0042%, H 0.0001%. Various ratings of inclusions: Class A 0.5, Class B, Class C, and Class D are all 0.
实施例3Example 3
铁水预处理：以铁水为原料，利用载气将5kg/t铁水的活性石灰和2kg/t铁水的钝化镁粉混合，利用旋转脱硫喷枪喷入铁水中，其喷吹时间为20min，脱硫后获得低硫铁水，S含量：0.0006％，P含量：0.077％。Molten iron pretreatment: use molten iron as raw material, use carrier gas to mix 5kg/t molten iron active lime and 2kg/t molten iron passivated magnesium powder, use rotary desulfurization spray gun to spray into molten iron, the injection time is 20min, after desulfurization Obtain low sulfur molten iron, S content: 0.0006%, P content: 0.077%.
转炉冶炼：向转炉内加入脱硫后铁水，加入18kg/t铁水的活性石灰、13kg/t铁水的石英砂、13kg/t铁水的高镁石灰和2.5kg/t铁水的炼钢污泥球，单渣法冶炼，同时以氧枪供氧进行吹炼，氧枪的吹炼枪位控制在1.5～2.5m，吹炼过程温度为1658℃。冶炼结束后将铁水初炼成钢水，P含量为0.0022％。转炉冶炼结束后出钢，当出钢量为1/2以上时加入12kg/t钢水含氮量为0.005％的硅铁，加入18kg/t钢水含氮量为0.003％的硅锰。Converter smelting: add molten iron after desulfurization into the converter, add 18kg/t molten iron active lime, 13kg/t molten iron quartz sand, 13kg/t molten iron high magnesium lime and 2.5kg/t molten iron steelmaking sludge balls, single The slag method is used for smelting, and the oxygen lance is used for blowing at the same time. The blowing lance position of the oxygen lance is controlled at 1.5-2.5m, and the temperature of the blowing process is 1658°C. After the smelting is finished, the molten iron is initially smelted into molten steel with a P content of 0.0022%. After the converter smelting is completed, the steel is tapped. When the tapping amount is more than 1/2, 12kg/t of ferrosilicon with a nitrogen content of 0.005% is added, and 18kg/t of silicon manganese with a nitrogen content of 0.003% is added.
LF精炼：将转炉冶炼得到的钢水送至LF炉钢包中进行精炼，LF炉加热前，向钢包内加入0.6kg/t钢水的碳化钙、3kg/t钢水的高碱度精炼渣，加热至1585℃，精炼25min后，向钢包内加入0.6kg/t钢水的石英砂，继续精炼8min后，向钢包内加入13m/t钢水的铁钙线进行钙处理，钙处理结束后向LF炉内以70NL/min的流量吹氩8min，钢水出站。LF refining: Send molten steel obtained from converter smelting to LF furnace ladle for refining. Before heating in LF furnace, add calcium carbide of 0.6kg/t molten steel and high-alkalinity refining slag of 3kg/t molten steel into the ladle, and heat to 1585 ℃, after refining for 25 minutes, add quartz sand of 0.6kg/t molten steel to the ladle, continue refining for 8 minutes, add iron-calcium wire of 13m/t molten steel to the ladle for calcium treatment, after the calcium treatment, pour 70NL of molten steel into the LF furnace Argon is blown at a flow rate of /min for 8 minutes, and the molten steel leaves the station.
RH精炼：LF炉精炼完成后，将钢水转入RH炉钢包进行真空处理，控制真空度为70Pa，精炼温度为1545℃，钢水进入RH钢包炉真空处理8min后开始加入2kg/t钢水含氮量为0.002％的硅铁，加入2kg/t钢水含氮量为0.001％的锰铁。真空处理18min后以60NL/min的流量吹氩气8min，钢水出站。RH refining: After the LF furnace refining is completed, the molten steel is transferred to the RH furnace ladle for vacuum treatment. The vacuum degree is controlled at 70Pa, and the refining temperature is 1545°C. For 0.002% ferrosilicon, add 2kg/t molten steel with 0.001% nitrogen ferromanganese. After 18 minutes of vacuum treatment, blow argon gas at a flow rate of 60NL/min for 8 minutes, and the molten steel leaves the station.
连铸：钢水送至连铸工序，开浇前对中间包进行吹氩8min；长水口采用密封垫圈密封，生产成横截面为280mm×380mm的大方连铸坯产品。Continuous casting: The molten steel is sent to the continuous casting process, and the tundish is blown with argon for 8 minutes before pouring; the long nozzle is sealed with a sealing gasket, and a large continuous casting billet product with a cross section of 280mm×380mm is produced.
将得到的连铸坯轧制成60kg/m钢轨，所生产的钢轨P+S+O+N+H＝0.0141％，其中，P0.0060％、S 0.0030％、O 0.0009％、N 0.0041％、H 0.0001％。夹杂物各类评级：A类0.5级，B类、C类、D类均为0级。The obtained continuous casting slab is rolled into 60kg/m rail, and the produced rail P+S+O+N+H=0.0141%, wherein, P0.0060%, S 0.0030%, O 0.0009%, N 0.0041%, H 0.0001%. Various ratings of inclusions: Class A 0.5, Class B, Class C, and Class D are all 0.
对比例1Comparative example 1
铁水预处理：以铁水为原料，利用载气将4kg/t铁水的活性石灰和1kg/t铁水的钝化镁粉混合，利用旋转脱硫喷枪喷入铁水中，其喷吹时间为15min，脱硫后获得低硫铁水，S含量为：0.001％，P含量：0.077％。Molten iron pretreatment: use molten iron as raw material, use carrier gas to mix 4kg/t molten iron active lime and 1kg/t molten iron passivated magnesium powder, use rotary desulfurization spray gun to spray into molten iron, the injection time is 15min, after desulfurization Obtain low-sulfur molten iron, S content: 0.001%, P content: 0.077%.
转炉冶炼：向转炉内加入脱硫后铁水，加入15kg/t铁水的活性石灰、10kg/t铁水的石英砂、10kg/t铁水的高镁石灰和2kg/t铁水的炼钢污泥球，单渣法冶炼，同时以氧枪供氧进行吹炼，氧枪的吹炼枪位控制在1.5～2.5m，吹炼过程温度为1668℃。冶炼结束后将铁水初炼成钢水，P含量为0.0025％。转炉冶炼结束后出钢，当出钢量为1/2以上时加入12kg/t钢水含氮量为0.005％的硅铁，加入12kg/t钢水含氮量为0.003％的硅锰。Converter smelting: add molten iron after desulfurization into the converter, add 15kg/t molten iron active lime, 10kg/t molten iron quartz sand, 10kg/t molten iron high magnesium lime and 2kg/t molten iron steelmaking sludge balls, single slag At the same time, oxygen is supplied by oxygen lance for blowing. The blowing lance position of the oxygen lance is controlled at 1.5-2.5m, and the temperature of the blowing process is 1668°C. After the smelting is finished, the molten iron is initially smelted into molten steel with a P content of 0.0025%. After the converter smelting is completed, the steel is tapped. When the tapping amount is more than 1/2, 12kg/t of ferrosilicon with a nitrogen content of 0.005% in molten steel is added, and 12kg/t of molten steel with a nitrogen content of 0.003% of silicon manganese is added.
LF精炼：将转炉冶炼得到的钢水送至LF炉钢包中进行精炼，LF炉加热前，向钢包内加入0.2kg/t钢水的碳化钙、1kg/t钢水的高碱度精炼渣，加热至1585℃，精炼20min后，向钢包内加入0.2kg/t钢水的石英砂，继续精炼5min后，向钢包内加入6m/t钢水的铁钙线进行钙处理，钙处理结束后向LF炉内以70NL/min的流量吹氩5min，钢水出站。LF refining: Send molten steel obtained from converter smelting to LF furnace ladle for refining. Before heating in LF furnace, add 0.2kg/t molten steel calcium carbide and 1kg/t molten steel high alkalinity refining slag into the ladle, and heat to 1585 ℃, after refining for 20 minutes, add 0.2kg/t molten steel quartz sand into the ladle, continue refining for 5 minutes, add 6m/t molten steel iron-calcium wire into the ladle for calcium treatment, after the calcium treatment, pour 70NL of molten steel into the LF furnace Argon is blown at a flow rate of /min for 5 minutes, and the molten steel leaves the station.
RH精炼：LF炉精炼完成后，将钢水转入RH炉钢包进行真空处理，控制真空度为70Pa，精炼温度为1545℃，钢水进入RH钢包炉真空处理8min后开始加入2kg/t钢水含氮量为0.002％的硅铁，加入2kg/t钢水含氮量为0.001％的锰铁。真空处理18min后，向钢包内加入3m/t钢水的铁钙线进行钙处理，钙处理结束后以50NL/min的流量吹氩气5min，钢水出站。RH refining: After the LF furnace refining is completed, the molten steel is transferred to the RH furnace ladle for vacuum treatment. The vacuum degree is controlled at 70Pa, and the refining temperature is 1545°C. For 0.002% ferrosilicon, add 2kg/t molten steel with 0.001% nitrogen ferromanganese. After vacuum treatment for 18 minutes, add iron-calcium wire of 3m/t molten steel to the ladle for calcium treatment. After calcium treatment, blow argon gas at a flow rate of 50NL/min for 5 minutes, and the molten steel leaves the station.
连铸：钢水送至连铸工序，开浇前对中间包进行吹氩5min；长水口采用密封垫圈密封，生产成横截面为280mm×380mm的大方连铸坯产品。Continuous casting: The molten steel is sent to the continuous casting process, and the tundish is blown with argon for 5 minutes before pouring; the long nozzle is sealed with a sealing gasket, and a large continuous casting billet product with a cross section of 280mm×380mm is produced.
将得到的连铸坯轧制成60kg/m钢轨，所生产的钢轨P+S+O+N+H＝0.0149％，其中，P0.0060％、S 0.0030％、O 0.0010％、N 0.0048％、H 0.0001％。夹杂物各类评级：A类2.0级，B类1.0、C类、D类均为0级。The obtained continuous casting slab is rolled into a 60kg/m rail, and the produced rail P+S+O+N+H=0.0149%, wherein, P0.0060%, S 0.0030%, O 0.0010%, N 0.0048%, H 0.0001%. Various ratings of inclusions: Class A 2.0, Class B 1.0, Class C, and Class D are all 0.
由实施例1～3和对比例1可知，本发明方法通过对钢水中P、S、O、N和H的控制，使P+S+O+N+H≤160ppm，夹杂物各类评级≤1.0级，显著提高了重轨钢洁净度，具有显著的社会效益，值得推广应用。From Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that the method of the present invention controls P, S, O, N and H in molten steel so that P+S+O+N+H≤160ppm, and the various ratings of inclusions≤ 1.0 level, which significantly improves the cleanliness of heavy rail steel, has significant social benefits, and is worthy of popularization and application.
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