CN108686094B - 一种降血糖的中药及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药技术领域,特别公开了一种降血糖的中药及其制备方法。该降血糖的中药,以黄芪、当归、葛根、茯苓、白术、木香、藿香、山药、桑叶、马齿苋、鬼箭羽、黄连、丹参、赤芍、川芎、熟地黄、麦门冬、五味子和甘草为原料,按照一定的重量配比混合制成。本发明原料药材均采用天然的中药原料,其配置简便,药源广泛,成本低廉,其遵循中医的处方用药原则,诸药合用,相得益彰。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及医药技术领域,特别涉及一种降血糖的中药及其制备方法。
(二)背景技术
中国2型糖尿病发病率在过去30年内猛增,已成为公众主要健康威胁之一。柳叶刀《Lancet Diabetes &Endocrinology》杂志曾在线连续发表三篇关注中国糖尿病的系列文章,称中国目前有超过1亿的人口患有糖尿病,该数字远远超过世界上的其他国家。据国际糖尿病联合会(IDF)统计,现中国糖尿病患者位居世界首位。2015年我国有130万人死于糖尿病及其并发症,其中40.8%的人年龄低于60岁,逐渐呈现年轻化趋势。IDF预测到2040年,全球将会有6.42亿人患有糖尿病,而中国糖尿病患者将达到1.51亿。
面对如此庞大的患者群及由糖尿病及其并发症所带来的危害,医生们尝试各种治疗方法来治疗和减缓患者病情及痛苦。中医学是有记载治疗糖尿病最早的医学之一,翻阅古籍,根据其临床症状,可被划为“消渴”“脾瘅”等范畴。早在《黄帝内经》时代便有提及。时至今日,经过千百年来的繁衍、洗礼和不断实践总结,中医已经积累了丰富的临床经验,继续为人类健康保驾护航。
糖尿病我国医学称为“消渴病”。消渴病病变脏腑主要在肺、脾、肾,三脏互相影响,主要以气虚为本,血瘀为标。《素问·阴阳应象大论》言:“治病必求于本”,治病求本是整体观念与辨证论治在治疗观中的体现,是中医学治疗的主导思想。气虚血瘀是糖尿病的主要病机,故治疗应兼顾“气虚”与“血瘀”。“益气”,一则气旺能生血,二则气行则血行,为治本之法;“活血”则瘀除血脉得通,新血得生,为治标之法。补气不化瘀,则瘀血不去,生化乏源,效不持久;化瘀不益气,则气虚无力行血,旧瘀难去,新血难生。清·王清任《医林改错》:“气通而不滞,血活而不瘀,气通血活,何患疾病不除。”
由此可知治疗糖尿病益气同时,必须与活血化瘀同步进行,方能奏效。
(三)发明内容
本发明为了弥补现有技术的不足,提供了一种工艺简单、成本低廉、效果显著的降血糖的中药及其制备方法。
本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:
一种降血糖的中药,由以下重量份数的原料混合制成:黄芪30-50份、当归15-25份、葛根15-25份、茯苓15-25份、白术15-25份、木香6-15份、藿香15-25份、山药15-25份、桑叶20-40份、马齿苋15-25份、鬼箭羽15-25份、黄连8-12份、丹参15-25份、赤芍15-25份、川芎15-25份、熟地黄15-25份、麦门冬15-25份、五味子6-15份、甘草8-12份。
其优选的重量配比为:
黄芪30-50份、当归15-25份、葛根15-25份、茯苓15-25份、白术15-25份、木香6-15份、藿香15-25份、山药15-25份、桑叶20-40份、马齿苋15-25份、鬼箭羽15-25份、黄连8-12份、丹参15-25份、赤芍15-25份、川芎15-25份、熟地黄15-25份、麦门冬15-25份、五味子6-15份、甘草8-12份。
本发明所述中药为胶囊剂。服用方式为口服,一日三次,饭前半小时服用,每次0.5g,两周为一个疗程。
本发明通过对传统中药的研究,并结合辩证论证,多方收集众家之长,寻求最佳治疗方案,按中医理论组方,采用纯天然中药原料,经系统研究、科学配伍,应用黄芪当归,配伍健脾生津止渴的葛根,清肝润燥止消渴的桑叶来治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病,效果显著;再结合传统中医技术精心配制成本发明的降血糖的中药,对糖尿病有较佳的功效。
上述降血糖的中药的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)分别称取各原料药,备用;
(2)取党参、五味子、葛根、木香、藿香、山药、马齿苋、丹参、赤芍、熟地黄混合均匀,加水煎煮两次,过滤收集滤液后合并两次滤液,冷却后浓缩成浸膏,再烘干后粉碎成粉末,得复合物A;
(3)取黄芪、当归、麦冬、桑叶、茯苓、白术、鬼箭羽、黄连、川芎、甘草,加乙醇浸泡,提取两次,合并提取液,滤过、浓缩成浸膏,干燥后粉碎,得复合物B;
(4)将复合物A和复合物B混合均匀,灭菌消毒制得胶囊剂产品。
本发明的更优技术方案为:
步骤(2)中,两次煎煮中,第一次加3倍重量的水武火煮沸,然后文火煎煮1小时,过滤收集滤液和滤渣;往滤渣中添加水,以没过滤渣为准,武火煮沸,然后文火煎煮30分钟,过滤收集滤液。
滤液冷却后浓缩成密度为1.1-1.2g/mL的浸膏,80℃下烘干后,粉碎成粉末,得复合物A。
步骤(3)中,加质量浓度70%的乙醇浸泡0.5-1.5小时,提取两次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液。
浸膏的相对密度为1.2。
本发明药物中,君药为黄芪、当归、葛根、桑叶。黄芪甘温升发,功擅补气,为“补药之长”。本品能补益三焦,表里脏腑诸气。黄芪的特点是气薄、质轻而善走,所以除补益之外,还兼有蕴通行之功。所以《名医别录》中指出“逐五脏间恶血”。当归味辛、苦、甘、微温,具有补血活血、调经止痛的功效。历朝历代对于当归的论述有很多,比如《药性论》中提到当归具有“破宿血”之力。葛根味干、辛,性凉,归肺、胃经,始载于《神农本草经》,具有解肌退热、生津止渴、升阳止泻之功效,是临床应用较为广泛的一种中药。动物研究发现,葛根素可有效提高糖尿病小鼠胰岛素敏感性、抑制胰岛素抵抗,对于降低血糖水平以及改善糖耐量具有重要作用,在糖尿病治疗中具有积极作用。桑叶为桑科植物桑Morus alba L.的干燥叶,始载于《神农本草经》,中医又称“神仙草”“铁扇子”。其味苦、甘,性寒,具有疏散风热,清肺润燥,清肝明目的功效,可用于风热感冒,肺热燥咳,头晕头痛,目赤昏花。《本草纲目》记载:“桑叶乃手足阳明之药,汁煎代茗,能止消渴,明目长发”。现代研究表明桑叶具有降血糖、降血压、降血脂、抗衰老等药理作用。近年来,桑叶的降血糖作用备受关注,其防治糖尿病的功效得到广泛认可。
另外,前期对黄芪当归主要成分黄芪甲苷阿魏酸的糖尿病大鼠实验结果显示黄芪甲苷阿魏酸组血糖下降较为明显。临床应用黄芪当归,配伍健脾生津止渴的葛根,清肝润燥止消渴的桑叶来治疗气虚血瘀型糖尿病,效果显著。
茯苓、白术、木香、藿香、山药为臣药,共奏健脾益气之功。佐以黄连健脾燥湿,清胃火,因为血瘀贯穿糖尿病始终,故佐以丹参、赤芍、川芎活血化瘀。马齿苋、鬼箭羽、熟地黄、麦门冬、五味子、甘草共为使药。
本发明的中药可采用一般方法将处方中的各位药材按比例进行配伍,按现有制剂工艺制程各种临床适用剂型,所用的各味药材均为市售的经过检验合格的中药材。
本发明原料药材均采用天然的中药原料,其配置简便,药源广泛,成本低廉,其遵循中医的处方用药原则,诸药合用,相得益彰,且制剂服用量小,药物有效成分易于释放,吸收快,生物利用度高,使药效能够充分挥发,经临床应用验证,其疗效显著可靠,药性平和,未出现毒副作用,应用前景广阔。
服药期间忌食辛辣及寒凉食物,避免情志刺激,生活要有规律。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)药剂由纯中药制成,各组分复合药典法相关规定,利用各味中药的配伍作用,不含化工成分,不含激素,无毒副作用,标本兼治,达到更好的降血糖的作用;
(2)疗程短,总有效率高,愈后不易复发;
(3)工艺简单,降低了生产成本,减轻了患者的经济负担。
(四)具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例来详尽解释本发明,但是并不作为对本发明内容的限制。
实施例1:
一种降血糖的中药复合物,其由下述原料制备而得,
黄芪30g、当归15g、葛根15g、茯苓15g、白术15g、木香6g、藿香15g、山药15g、桑叶20g、马齿苋15g、鬼箭羽15g、黄连8g、丹参15g、赤芍15g、川芎15g、熟地黄15g、麦门冬15g、五味子6g、甘草8g。
上述降血糖的中药复合物的制备方法为:取上述重量份的原料药( 配比单位:克)制备胶囊,具体操作为:
1)称取各原料药,备用;
2)取党参、五味子、葛根、木香、藿香、山药、马齿苋、丹参、赤芍、熟地黄混合均匀,加3倍重量的水武火煮沸,然后文火煎煮1小时,过滤收集滤液和滤渣;往滤渣中添加水,以没过滤渣为准,武火煮沸,然后文火煎煮30分钟,过滤收集滤液;合并上述两次滤液,冷却后,浓缩成密度为1.1-1.2g/ml 的浸膏;80℃烘干后,粉碎成粉末,即为复合物A ;
3)取黄芪、当归、麦冬、桑叶、茯苓、白术、鬼箭羽、黄连、川芎、甘草加70%乙醇浸泡0.5-1.5 小时,提取两次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液,滤过,浓缩成相对密度为1.2的浸膏,干燥后粉碎,得复合物B;
4)将复合物A和复合物B混合搅拌均匀,灭菌消毒制得胶囊剂产品。
服用方式:口服,一日三次,饭前半小时服用,每次0.5g,两周为一个疗程。
实施例2:
一种降血糖的中药复合物,其由下述原料制备而得,
黄芪50g、当归25g、葛根25g、茯苓25g、白术25g、木香15g、藿香25g、山药25g、桑叶40g、马齿苋25g、鬼箭羽25g、黄连12g、丹参25g、赤芍25g、川芎25g、熟地黄25g、麦门冬25g、五味子15g、甘草12g。
制备及服用方法如实施例1。
实施例3:
一种降血糖的中药复合物,其由下述原料制备而得,
黄芪40g、当归20g、党参20g、葛根20g、茯苓20g、白术20g、木香10g、藿香20g、山药20g、桑叶30g、马齿苋20g、鬼箭羽20g、黄连10g、丹参20g、赤芍20g、川芎20g、熟地黄20g、麦冬20g、五味子10g、甘草10g。
制备及服用方法如实施例1。
实施例4:动物学实验
试验流程:
随机选8周龄SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠90只,由山东大学动物实验室提供,体重200±20g,许可证号为:SCXK(鲁)2013-0009。
自由进食及饮水,动物房温度控制在温度22-26℃,湿度55%,光照12/24h。适应性饲养1周,血糖均为正常范围内,测量体重。
随机分为空白组(n=10)和造模组(n=80)。空白组予标准大鼠饲料,造模组予高糖高脂饲料6周,检测空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)。
造模组大鼠高糖高脂饲料喂养6周后禁食12h,予链脲佐菌素(于0℃溶于0.1mol/LpH=4.4的柠檬酸钠缓冲液,终浓度为10mg/mL,按40mg/kg一次性腹腔注射);对照组注射等剂量的缓冲液。72小时后尾静脉采血,连续三次随机血糖≥16.7mmol/L者确定为糖尿病大鼠。
选取造模成功的大鼠60只,随机分为3组,每组20只,即模型组(不施用任何药物)、本发明实施例3药物组10mg/Kg、对照药物组:施用二甲双胍(10mg/kg),施用方式均为口服,每天早晚饭前半时服用。连续服用两周后检测;停药10 天后再次监测血糖。
经检测:对照药物组和本发明药物组空腹血糖均有明显下降,本发明药物明显好于对照药物组,停药十天后,本发明药物组基本没有出现反弹,具体参见下表。
实施例5:临床病例
资料与方法:一般资料门诊2型糖尿病属于气虚血瘀型患者共56 例,其中男30例,女26例,患者年龄50-80岁,空腹血糖(FPG)以及餐后2h血糖(2hPG) 均大幅升高。服用本发明实施例3制备的药物两个疗程后,检测上述生化指标。
治愈:FPG<6.1mmol/L,2h血糖(2hPG)<8.0mmol/L;
有效:空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)有所改善,但未达到正常水平;
无效:空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h 血糖(2hPG) 均无明显改变。
治疗效果:治愈43例,有效12例,无效1例,总有效率为98%。
实施例6:典型病例
林某某,女,53岁,面色淡白,身倦乏力,气少懒言,口干多饮,气短、自汗,动则加重,心烦,视物模糊。舌暗红,苔薄白少津,舌边有齿痕,脉沉细。空腹血糖10.8mmol/L,餐后2h血糖14.0mmol/L,诊断为2型糖尿病。给予实施例3的中药复合物,服用2个疗程后,症状减轻,继续服用1个疗程巩固,空腹血糖小于7.0mmol/L。半年后追访,血糖值正常。
王某,男,67 岁,2型糖尿病病史7年,现面色晦暗,乏力、口干多饮,气短、多汗,纳差,视物模糊,双下肢麻木,舌暗。舌边有齿痕,苔薄白,脉沉涩。空腹血糖11.4mmol/L,餐后2h血糖16.0mmol/L,现口服格列美脲1片,QD,二甲双胍0.5TID。在原有药物基础上给予实施例1的中药复合物,服用2个疗程后,症状减轻,继续服用1个疗程巩固,空腹血糖小于7。之后多次随访,血糖稳定在7.0mmo/L以下。
Claims (6)
1.一种降血糖的中药,其特征为,由以下重量份数的原料混合制成胶囊剂:黄芪30-50份、当归15-25份、葛根15-25份、茯苓15-25份、白术15-25份、木香6-15份、藿香15-25份、山药15-25份、桑叶20-40份、马齿苋15-25份、鬼箭羽15-25份、黄连8-12份、丹参15-25份、赤芍15-25份、川芎15-25份、熟地黄15-25份、麦门冬15-25份、五味子6-15份、甘草8-12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述降血糖的中药的制备方法,其特征为,包括如下步骤:(1)分别称取各原料药,备用;(2)取党参、五味子、葛根、木香、藿香、山药、马齿苋、丹参、赤芍、熟地黄混合均匀,加水煎煮两次,过滤收集滤液后合并两次滤液,冷却后浓缩成浸膏,再烘干后粉碎成粉末,得复合物A;(3)取黄芪、当归、麦冬、桑叶、茯苓、白术、鬼箭羽、黄连、川芎、甘草,加乙醇浸泡,提取两次,合并提取液,滤过、浓缩成浸膏,干燥后粉碎,得复合物B;(4)将复合物A和复合物B混合均匀,灭菌消毒制得胶囊剂产品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的降血糖的中药的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,两次煎煮中,第一次加3倍重量的水武火煮沸,然后文火煎煮1小时,过滤收集滤液和滤渣;往滤渣中添加水,以没过滤渣为准,武火煮沸,然后文火煎煮30分钟,过滤收集滤液。
4.根据权利要求2所述的降血糖的中药的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,滤液冷却后浓缩成密度为1.1-1.2g/mL的浸膏,80℃下烘干后,粉碎成粉末,得复合物A。
5.根据权利要求2所述的降血糖的中药的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,加质量浓度70%的乙醇浸泡0.5-1.5小时,提取两次,每次1-2小时,合并提取液。
6.根据权利要求2所述的降血糖的中药的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,浸膏的相对密度为1.2。
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