CN108684303B

CN108684303B - Bran combine harvester

Info

Publication number: CN108684303B
Application number: CN201711072493.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨学军; 方宪法; 赵郑斌; 刘立晶; 赵金辉; 杜佳伟
Original assignee: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences
Current assignee: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences
Priority date: 2017-11-03
Filing date: 2017-11-03
Publication date: 2024-03-26
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-03
Also published as: CN108684303A

Abstract

The invention discloses a bran combine harvester which comprises a walking chassis device, a header device, a first straw conveying device and a threshing device, wherein the header device, the first straw conveying device and the threshing device are arranged on the walking chassis device; the header device comprises a header, a reel and a second seedling conveying device, wherein the second seedling conveying device is positioned in the header, and the feeding port is connected with the first seedling conveying device; the reel comprises a reel frame and an eccentric rotary frame, the reel frame is arranged at the upper part of the header through a lifting device, the eccentric rotary frame is arranged at the inner sides of two ends of the reel frame, an eccentric rotary shaft is arranged at the middle part of the eccentric rotary frame, a plurality of reel shafts distributed along the circumference of the eccentric rotary frame are arranged on the eccentric rotary frame, and a plurality of reel elastic teeth with adjustable angles are arranged on the reel shafts at intervals. The invention realizes the combined operation of harvesting, threshing and cleaning of the bran and enhances the lodging and harvesting capacity of the lodged bran.

Description

Bran combine harvester

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of harvesting technology for small seed crops, and more particularly to a combine harvester for bran.

Background

The bran is a main grain crop of Egyptian, and has wide planting area. At present, the agricultural production of the bran mainly depends on manpower and animal power, the production mode is backward, the production efficiency is low, and the demand of population growth on the bran is very difficult to meet. Threshing and cleaning are one of the most important links, and mainly comprise the steps of manually harvesting, airing on the field, manually threshing by stepping on the field with cattle, and manually cleaning by using natural wind. Because the bran kernels are smaller, the thousand kernel weight is only 0.26-0.42 g, the grain-straw ratio is small, the straw amount is large, a lot of very fine straws are generated, a lot of short and fine straws, seeds, glume, grass seeds and the like are mixed together after threshing and crushing, how to completely threshing the small seeds from bran ears by machinery when harvesting the bran and separate the seeds from the glume, the fine straws and the like, and realize the bran harvesting, threshing and cleaning integrated operation, especially for harvesting lodged bran, how to improve the lodging supporting capability of the lodged bran, and the bran combine harvester achieves more efficient harvesting, is a technical problem which needs to be solved at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention solves the problems of harvesting the bran and threshing and cleaning the small seeds, especially the harvesting of the lodged bran, and realizes the combined operation of harvesting, threshing and cleaning. The invention provides a bran combine harvester. The technical scheme is as follows:

the bran combine harvester comprises a walking chassis device, a header device, a first straw conveying device and a threshing device, wherein the header device, the first straw conveying device and the threshing device are arranged on the walking chassis device; the cutting table device comprises a cutting table, a reel and a second seedling conveying device, wherein the second seedling conveying device is positioned in the cutting table, and a feeding port is connected with the first seedling conveying device; the reel comprises a reel frame and an eccentric rotary frame, the reel frame is arranged on the upper portion of the header through a lifting device, the eccentric rotary frame is arranged on the inner sides of two ends of the reel frame, an eccentric rotary shaft is arranged in the middle of the eccentric rotary frame, a plurality of reel shafts distributed along the circumference of the eccentric rotary frame are arranged on the eccentric rotary frame, and a plurality of reel bullet gears with adjustable angles are arranged on the reel shafts at intervals.

Preferably, the reel spring tooth is movably connected with the reel shaft, and the reel spring tooth is inclined backwards by 19-30 degrees relative to the vertical direction.

The second straw conveying device is a spiral finger-scraping type conveyor, a telescopic finger-scraping type conveyor and a spiral auger are arranged on the second straw conveying device, and a plurality of anti-winding feeding plates perpendicular to the straw conveying direction are arranged at the feeding inlet of the spiral finger-scraping type conveyor.

The threshing device is an airflow cleaning device and comprises a thresher, a fan shaft, an airflow cleaning cylinder and a grain receiving device, wherein the thresher and the fan are arranged on the fan shaft, and the fan shaft is connected with the driving end of the threshing device through a belt; the thresher is arranged at the outlet of the threshing device, the thresher is communicated with the side opening of the lower part of the airflow cleaning cylinder through a pipeline, the outlet of the upper end of the airflow cleaning cylinder is connected with the fan through an air pipe, and a grain receiving device is arranged below the airflow cleaning cylinder.

The upper part of the air flow cleaning cylinder is provided with an air regulating plate, and the inside of the air flow cleaning cylinder is provided with a grain baffle.

Or preferably, the cleaning device is a scraper lifting device which is arranged at the outlet of the threshing device, the scraper lifting device comprises a scraper lifting chain and a impurity-sucking fan, an air suction inlet of the impurity-sucking fan is arranged right above the scraper lifting chain, and a grain receiving device is arranged at the outlet of the scraper lifting device.

The threshing device comprises a threshing cylinder, a concave plate sieve and a conveying auger, wherein the threshing cylinder is arranged above the concave plate sieve, the conveying auger is arranged right below the concave plate sieve, and an outlet of the conveying auger is connected with the cleaning device.

The threshing cylinder is a cutter type cylinder or a spike-tooth type cylinder, cutters and spike teeth which are in spiral line arrangement are respectively distributed on the cutter type cylinder and the spike-tooth type cylinder, and the concave plate screen is a small-aperture punching screen.

The walking chassis device comprises a frame, a gearbox and a rubber crawler walking system, wherein the rubber crawler walking system is arranged below the frame and is in driving connection with the gearbox.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:

A. the cutting table device, the first straw conveying device, the threshing device and the cleaning device are arranged on the walking chassis device, so that the combined operation process of harvesting, threshing and cleaning of the bran crops is realized, and the harvesting efficiency of the bran is greatly improved.

B. The second straw conveying device on the header adopts the straw pulling spring tooth structure with the eccentric revolving frame structure and the straw pulling spring tooth structure which is angled with the vertical direction, thereby greatly improving the capability of supporting lodged bran during the operation of the combine harvester.

C. The invention adopts the combination of the threshing cylinder, the concave plate sieve and the conveying auger to convey the threshed bran seeds into the airflow cleaning device, and the seeds can be effectively cleaned and the impurities can be reduced after the seeds are cleaned by the airflow cleaning device, thereby greatly improving the cleaning effect of the bran seeds after harvest, reducing the entrainment loss and providing a solution for obtaining clean bran seeds.

D. The invention adopts the rubber crawler traveling system in the traveling chassis device, is suitable for uneven plots, and realizes the stable harvesting of the harvester.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a bran combine provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top view of the bran combine of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the reel configuration of the configuration of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a cutter type drum according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a threshing conveying auger in a threshing device;

FIG. 6-1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the assembly of a blower and a winnower in an airflow cleaning apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 6-2 is a schematic view of the structure of an air flow cleaning drum in the air flow cleaning device provided by the invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a connection structure of a blade lifting device according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the screed lifting chain structure of FIG. 7;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a triangular rubber crawler travel system provided by the invention.

Reference numerals provided in the figures are as follows:

1-header device

11-header lifting oil cylinder

12-cutting table

13-reel

131-lifting device, 132-reel frame, 133-eccentric rotary frame, 134-reel shaft 135-reel spring gear, 136-eccentric rotary shaft

14-second seedling conveying device

141-telescopic scraping finger, 142-spiral auger and 143-anti-winding feeding plate

2-first seedling conveying device

3-threshing device

31-threshing cylinder

311-cutter type roller, 312-cutter, 313-spike tooth type roller, 314-spike tooth 315-threshing roller shaft

32-concave plate screen

33-conveying screw conveyor

4-cleaning device

41-air flow cleaning device

411-winnower, 412-fan, 413-fan shaft, 414-airflow cleaning cylinder 415-grain receiving device, 416-fan belt, 417-air regulating plate, 418-air pipe 419-grain baffle

42-scraper lifting device

421-scraper lifting chain and 422-impurity-sucking fan

5-engine

6-walking chassis device

61-a frame, 62-a gearbox, 63-a rubber crawler running system, 64-a transmission shaft, 65-a driving wheel 66-a parallel crawler and 67-a triangular crawler.

Detailed Description

The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the invention provides a bran combine harvester, which comprises a walking chassis device 6, a header device 1, a first straw conveying device 2 and a threshing device 3, wherein the header device 1, the first straw conveying device 2 and the threshing device 3 are arranged on the walking chassis device 6, and a cleaning device 4 is arranged at an outlet position of the threshing device 3 and used for separating threshed seeds from glumes; the cutting table device comprises a cutting table 12, a reel 13 and a second seedling conveying device 14, wherein the second seedling conveying device 14 is positioned in the cutting table 12, a feeding port is connected with the first seedling conveying device, and the cutting table 12 is connected with the walking chassis device 6 through a cutting table lifting oil cylinder 11 and is used for controlling the lifting of the cutting table 12; the reel 13 comprises a reel frame 132 and an eccentric rotary frame 133, the reel frame 132 is arranged at the upper part of the header 12 through a lifting device 131 and is used for controlling the lifting of the reel frame 132, the lifting device 131 can be a lifting cylinder or other cylinder structures, the eccentric rotary frame 133 is arranged at the inner sides of two ends of the reel frame 132, the middle part of the eccentric rotary frame 133 is provided with an eccentric rotary shaft 136, the eccentric rotary frame 133 is provided with a plurality of reel shafts 134 distributed along the circumference thereof, and a plurality of reel spring teeth 135 with adjustable angles are arranged on the reel shafts 134 at intervals. In the running process of the bran combine harvester, the reel angle of reel spring teeth above the header is adjusted, the eccentric rotary frame 133 eccentrically rotates along the eccentric rotary shaft 136, the reel shaft 136 on the eccentric rotary frame 133 can drive the reel spring teeth 135 on the eccentric rotary frame to rotate, and the lodged bran is better harvested through the eccentric rotary motion of the reel spring teeth and the eccentric rotary frame, so that the harvesting efficiency of the lodged bran is greatly improved.

As shown in fig. 3, the reel spring teeth 135 are movably connected with the reel shaft 134, and the reel spring teeth 135 are inclined by 19-30 degrees backwards relative to the vertical direction, so that the lodging ability of the cutting table is further improved.

The second straw conveying device 14 is a spiral finger-type conveyer, a telescopic finger 141 and a spiral auger 142 are arranged on the spiral finger-type conveyer, and a plurality of anti-winding feeding plates 143 perpendicular to the straw conveying direction are arranged at the feeding inlet of the spiral finger-type conveyer. The bran harvested by the cutting table vertically enters a spiral finger-scraping conveyor positioned behind the cutting table, as shown in fig. 2, the bran harvested at two ends of the cutting table enters a feeding port close to the middle of the spiral finger-scraping conveyor after being conveyed in a spiral manner, the harvested bran is pulled into a first straw conveying device 2 under the action of telescopic finger-scraping, and the bran is conveyed to a threshing device for the next threshing process under the conveying action of the first straw conveying device. According to the invention, the feeding port is provided with the plurality of anti-winding feeding plates parallel to the bus along the circumference of the spiral finger type conveyor, so that the bran stalks can be well prevented from winding the rotating body.

The cleaning apparatus of the present invention may take a variety of forms, preferably two: one is an airflow cleaning device, and the other is a scraper lifting device.

The airflow cleaning device 41 is shown in fig. 1, 2, 6-1 and 6-2, and comprises a winnower 411, a fan 412, a fan shaft 413, an airflow cleaning cylinder 414 and a grain receiving device 415, wherein the winnower 411 and the fan 412 are arranged on the fan shaft 413, the fan shaft 413 is connected with the driving end of the threshing device 3 through a belt, and the fan shaft 413 synchronously drives the fan and the winnower to rotate under the driving of the engine 5; the thresher 411 is arranged at the outlet of the threshing device 3, the thresher 411 is communicated with the opening of the side surface of the lower part of the airflow cleaning cylinder 414 through a pipeline, under the combined action of the thresher and the fan, materials conveyed from the threshing device enter the airflow cleaning cylinder, the outlet of the upper end of the airflow cleaning cylinder 414 is connected with the fan 412 through an air pipe 418, the grain receiving device 415 is arranged below the airflow cleaning cylinder 414, fine and light particles such as chaffs are discharged from the fan opening under the action of airflow winnowing, and seeds fall from the outlet of the lower end of the airflow cleaning cylinder and are received by the grain receiving device 415, so that seeds can be effectively cleaned and impurities are reduced.

In order to further enhance the cleaning effect, the upper part of the airflow cleaning cylinder 414 is provided with the air regulating plate 417, the inside of the airflow cleaning cylinder 414 is provided with the grain baffle 419, and materials entering the airflow cleaning cylinder are better dispersed under the action of the grain baffle by regulating the opening size of the air regulating plate, so that the bran grains are prevented from being directly sucked into the fan by negative pressure.

Of course, the invention also provides another cleaning device 4, namely a scraper lifting device 42, as shown in fig. 7 and 8, which is arranged at the outlet of the threshing device 3, wherein the scraper lifting device 42 comprises a scraper lifting chain 421 and a impurity sucking fan 422, an air suction inlet of the impurity sucking fan 422 is arranged right above the scraper lifting chain 421, and a grain receiving device 415 is arranged at the outlet of the scraper lifting device 42.

The threshing device 3 is shown in fig. 2, 4 and 5, and comprises a threshing cylinder 31, a concave screen 32 and a conveying auger 33, wherein the threshing cylinder 31 is arranged above the concave screen 32, the conveying auger 33 is arranged right below the concave screen 32, and the outlet of the conveying auger 33 is connected with the cleaning device 4 as described above.

The threshing cylinder 31 in the threshing device 3 is a cutter cylinder 311 or a spike-tooth cylinder 313, wherein the structure of the cutter cylinder 311 is shown in fig. 4, and cutters 312 which are arranged in a spiral line are distributed on the cutter cylinder 311; in fig. 2, the structure of the spike-tooth type roller 313 is shown, spike teeth 314 are distributed on the spike-tooth type roller 313 in a spiral line, wherein the concave plate screen 32 is a small-aperture punching screen, and larger impurities can be separated from grains in a vibration mode. Threshing by a threshing cylinder, then falling on a concave plate sieve, sieving, then falling the seed sieve on a conveying auger, and carrying out spiral conveying and then entering the subsequent cleaning procedure.

As shown in fig. 1 and 9, the walking chassis device 6 includes a frame 61, a gearbox 62 and a rubber crawler walking system 63, the gearbox 62 is connected to two driving wheels 65 through a transmission shaft 64, the driving wheels 65 are connected to two rubber crawlers 66, and the rubber crawlers 66 may be triangular crawlers 67 or parallel crawlers 66. Fig. 1 shows a parallel track structure, and fig. 9 shows a triangular track structure. The harvester can adapt to uneven land by adopting the rubber crawler chassis, and can realize stable harvesting of the harvester.

It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The bran combine harvester comprises a walking chassis device (6), a header device (1), a first straw conveying device (2) and a threshing device (3), wherein the header device (1), the first straw conveying device (2) and the threshing device (3) are arranged on the walking chassis device (6), and the bran combine harvester is characterized in that a cleaning device (4) is further arranged on the walking chassis device (6) and is arranged at the outlet position of the threshing device (3) and used for separating threshed seeds from glumes; the header device (1) comprises a header (12), a reel (13) and a second seedling conveying device (14), wherein the second seedling conveying device (14) is positioned in the header (12), and a feeding port is connected with the first seedling conveying device (2); the reel (13) comprises a reel frame (132) and an eccentric rotary frame (133), the reel frame (132) is arranged at the upper part of the header (12) through a lifting device (131), the eccentric rotary frame (133) is arranged at the inner sides of two ends of the reel frame (132), an eccentric rotary shaft (136) is arranged in the middle of the eccentric rotary frame (133), a plurality of reel shafts (134) distributed along the circumference of the eccentric rotary frame (133) are arranged on the eccentric rotary frame (133), and a plurality of reel elastic teeth (135) with adjustable angles are arranged on the reel shafts (134) at intervals;

the reel spring teeth (135) are movably connected with the reel shaft (134), and the reel spring teeth (135) incline backwards by 19-30 degrees relative to the vertical direction;

the second straw conveying device (14) is a spiral finger-pushing type conveyor, a telescopic finger-pushing type conveyor (141) and a spiral auger (142) are arranged on the second straw conveying device, and a plurality of anti-winding feeding plates (143) perpendicular to the straw conveying direction are arranged at the feeding inlet of the spiral finger-pushing type conveyor.

2. A bran combine according to claim 1, wherein the cleaning device (4) is an airflow cleaning device (41) comprising a thresher (411), a fan (412), a fan shaft (413), an airflow cleaning drum (414) and a grain receiving device (415), the thresher (411) and the fan (412) being mounted on the fan shaft (413), the fan shaft (413) being connected to the drive end of the threshing device (3) by a belt; the thresher (411) is arranged at the outlet of the threshing device (3), the thresher (411) is communicated with the lower side opening of the airflow cleaning cylinder (414) through a pipeline, the upper end outlet of the airflow cleaning cylinder (414) is connected with the fan (412) through an air pipe (418), and a grain receiving device (415) is arranged below the airflow cleaning cylinder (414).

3. The bran combine as claimed in claim 2 wherein an air deflector (417) is provided at an upper portion of the air flow cleaning drum (414), and a grain deflector (419) is provided inside the air flow cleaning drum (414).

4. The bran combine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cleaning device (4) is a scraper lifting device (42) mounted at an outlet of the threshing device (3), the scraper lifting device (42) comprises a scraper lifting chain (421) and a gettering fan (422), a suction inlet of the gettering fan (422) is arranged right above the scraper lifting chain (421), and a grain receiving device is arranged at an outlet position of the scraper lifting device (42).

5. The bran combine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the threshing device (3) comprises a threshing cylinder (31), a concave screen (32) and a conveying auger (33), the threshing cylinder (31) is arranged above the concave screen (32), the conveying auger (33) is arranged right below the concave screen (32), and an outlet of the conveying auger (33) is connected with the cleaning device (4).

6. The bran combine as claimed in claim 5, wherein the threshing cylinder (31) is a cutter cylinder (311) or a spike-tooth cylinder (313), cutters (312) and spikes (314) arranged in a spiral line are respectively distributed on the cutter cylinder (311) and the spike-tooth cylinder (313), and the concave screen (32) is a small-aperture punching screen.

7. A bran combine as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the travelling chassis arrangement (6) comprises a frame (61), a gearbox (62) and a rubber track travelling system (63), the rubber track travelling system (63) being arranged below the frame (61) and in driving connection with the gearbox (62).