CN108682255A - Pulsatile cardiac model and its ripple control method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pulsating heart model and a pulsation control method thereof, comprising a simulated heart model, a pressure sensor, a display device, a control unit, an electric water pump, a human-computer interaction interface and a liquid storage tank, the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank and the simulated heart The liquid inlet of the model is connected, the liquid outlet of the simulated heart model is connected with the return port of the liquid storage tank, the electric water pump is installed on the liquid inlet pipeline, the electric water pump is connected with the control unit, and the pressure sensor is used to detect the liquid pressure. And the pressure sensor is connected with the display device, and the human-computer interaction interface is connected with the control unit and the display device. The invention has a high degree of simulation, and can simulate the pulsation state of the heart under different pathological conditions through the pulsating heart model, and can record and display various physiological signals such as heart blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart sound, heartbeat frequency, and deformation through the display device, and Displayed in the form of numerical values or graphs, it is more convenient to realize the training of operators.

Description

Pulsating heart model and its pulsation control method

technical field

The invention relates to a pulsating heart model and a pulsation control method thereof, belonging to the field of medical teaching equipment.

Background technique

In order to facilitate medical students or interns to learn relevant medical knowledge, usually instructors need to use human organ models to explain and demonstrate. For simulated cardiology interns, instructors often use simulated heart models. The simulation of the heart has always been a research hotspot in the field of medical devices, and it is also very important to grasp and present the real-time state of the simulated heart in real time. However, most of the simulated heart models currently used are static hard models, which can only show the structure of the simulated heart, and cannot be dynamically demonstrated. It is not convenient for students to observe and learn and operate other instruments, and the existing The simulated heart model can only observe its static structural properties, but cannot observe and study the dynamic physiological properties and its corresponding physiological parameters. The driving mechanism that imitates the blood pulse is used to drive the simulated heart model to perform regular movements according to the desired effect of the operator. It is a key technology for simulating the heartbeat and blood circulation of the human body. It is of great significance for the development of simulated heart teaching and medical research. .

The characteristics of high-pressure and low-pressure transformation of pulsed liquid make it possible to simulate the effect of the heart pumping blood. The existing pulse-providing device is generally composed of a pressure pulse system (such as a piston system), a power system (such as a steady flow pump), and pipeline accessories. , electrical control system, data acquisition and testing system, etc. This method of providing liquid pulse effects has many transmission parts and a large volume, and the long-term friction between the piston and the cylinder will cause hidden dangers of liquid leakage, and the service life is not good. Moreover, the amount of single pulse in this method is fixed. If it needs to be changed, the stroke of the piston system needs to be changed. The variable stroke piston mechanism is more complicated, and the variable stroke amount is not large.

Therefore, it is meaningful to design a pulsating heart model and its pulsation control method in view of the deficiencies in the prior art.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a pulsating heart model and its pulsation control method, aiming to solve the problem that the existing simulated heart model cannot realize the simulated pulsation simulated blood flow effect, and the teaching effect is not intuitive.

The technical solution of the present invention to achieve the above object is a pulsating heart model, including a simulated heart model, a pressure sensor, a display device, a control unit, a primary electric water pump, a secondary electric water pump, a man-machine interface and a liquid storage tank. The liquid storage tank is provided with a water outlet and a return port, the simulated heart model is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet, and the water outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected with the liquid inlet of the simulated heart model through a liquid inlet pipeline. The liquid outlet of the simulated heart model and the return port of the liquid storage tank are connected through the liquid outlet pipeline, the first-level electric water pump and the second-level electric water pump are installed on the liquid inlet pipeline, and the first-level electric water pump is located in the simulated heart Between the liquid outlet of the model and the secondary electric water pump, the primary electric water pump is connected to and the secondary electric water pump is connected to a water pump driving device, and the water pump driving device is connected to a control unit. The pressure sensor is installed on the liquid inlet pipe or the liquid outlet pipe or the simulated heart model, and the pressure sensor is connected with the display device, and the man-machine interface is connected with the control unit and the display device.

Further, the above-mentioned pulsating heart model further includes a temperature detection element and a heater, both of which are connected to the control unit, and the temperature detection element is used to measure the temperature of the liquid in the liquid storage tank , and feed back the measured data to the control unit, the heater is used to heat the liquid in the liquid storage tank.

Further, in the above-mentioned pulsating heart model, wherein: the liquid inlet pipeline is provided with a flow meter, and the flow meter is connected to a display device, and the liquid flow rate is displayed through the display device.

Furthermore, the above-mentioned pulsating heart model, wherein: it also includes a heart rate sensor and/or a stress-strain sensor and/or an ECG sensor and/or a heart sound sensor, and the heart rate sensor, the stress-strain sensor, the ECG sensor, and the heart sound sensor are all installed On the simulated heart model, and the heart rate sensor, the stress and strain sensor, the electrocardiogram sensor and the heart sound sensor are all connected with the display device.

Furthermore, in the above-mentioned pulsating heart model, wherein: the flow meter, heart rate sensor, stress-strain sensor, ECG sensor, and heart sound sensor are all connected to a data processing module, and the data processing module is connected to a display device.

The invention also discloses a heart model pulsation control method, including the following steps: 1) Input variable data through the man-machine interface, (2) The control unit controls the first-stage electric water pump through the water pump driving device, thereby controlling the flow of the liquid, (3) The control unit makes the secondary electric water pump provide pulse pressure to the liquid by controlling the water pump driving device, so that the simulated heart model is in a pulsating state.

Still further, the pulsation control method of the above-mentioned heart model, wherein: in the step (2), the liquid flow rate is controlled at 1-15 L/min.

Still further, the pulsation control method of the above-mentioned heart model, wherein: the output flow Q of the secondary electric water pump in the step (3) is obtained by the following formula, Q=vt, v=akt+b, where a is the acceleration , the acceleration is the variable data input in the input step (1), t is the acceleration time, the acceleration time is the variable data input in the input step (1), and t and b are constants.

The outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress of the present invention are reflected in: (1) The present invention has a high degree of simulation, can simulate the heart pulsation state under different pathological conditions through the pulsating heart model, and can record and display the heart through the display device Various physiological signals such as blood pressure, ECG, heart sound, heartbeat frequency, deformation and the stress caused by deformation, etc. are processed and recorded by the data processing module and displayed in the form of numerical values or graphs, which is more convenient to realize Operator training; (2) The present invention controls the liquid flow and liquid pulsation separately by adopting a two-stage electric water pump control method, and the simulation is more accurate. On the basis of the same effect as the existing mechanism, the volume of the driving mechanism is greatly reduced, the service life is increased and the manufacturing cost is reduced; (3) The invention is also equipped with a temperature detection element and a heater, thereby simulating the temperature of human blood , making the simulation of heart pulsation more realistic.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a pulsating heart model;

Fig. 2 is the acceleration waveform diagram sent to the motor drive device;

Figure 3 is a waveform diagram of the rotational speed output by the secondary electric water pump according to the control of the server;

Figure 4 is a waveform diagram of the output pressure of the secondary electric water pump.

In the figure, the meanings of the reference signs are: 1 - simulated heart model, 2 - pressure sensor, 3 - display device, 4 - primary electric water pump, 41 - primary water pump driving device, 5 - secondary electric water pump, 51 - Secondary water pump driving device, 6 - man-machine interface, 7 - control unit, 8 - temperature detection element, 9 - heater, 10 - liquid storage tank, 11 - flow meter, 12 - data processing module.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments, so as to make the technical solution of the present invention easier to understand and grasp, so as to define the protection scope of the present invention more clearly.

As shown in Figure 1, the pulsating heart model of the present invention includes a simulated heart model 1, a pressure sensor 2, a display device 3, a control unit 7, a primary electric water pump 4, a secondary electric water pump 5, a man-machine interface 6 and a liquid storage tank 10. The liquid storage tank 10 is provided with a water outlet and a return port, and the simulated heart model 1 is provided with a liquid inlet and a liquid outlet. The water outlet of the liquid storage tank 10 is connected with the liquid inlet of the simulated heart model 1 through a liquid inlet pipe , the liquid outlet of the simulated heart model 1 and the return port of the liquid storage tank 10 are connected through the liquid outlet pipeline, thereby forming a complete liquid flow circuit, the first-stage electric water pump 4 and the second-stage electric water pump 5 are installed in the inlet on the liquid pipeline, and the primary electric water pump 4 is located between the liquid outlet of the simulated heart model 1 and the secondary electric water pump 5, the primary electric water pump 4 is used to control the liquid flow, and the secondary electric water pump 5 is used to apply pulsation to the liquid Pressure, the primary electric water pump 4 is connected with the primary water pump driving device 41, the secondary electric water pump is connected with the secondary water pump driving device 51, and the primary electric water pump driving device 41 and the secondary electric water pump driving device 51 are both in phase with the control unit 7 connect. The sensor 2 is installed on the liquid inlet or outlet pipe or the simulated heart model 1 , and the pressure sensor 2 is connected with a display device 3 . The man-machine interface 6 is connected with the control unit 7 and the display device 3 . The operator issues operation instructions through the man-machine interface 6, the control unit 7 controls each component to perform corresponding actions according to the operation instruction, and the display device 3 is used to display the corresponding data of each component, which is convenient for the operator to intuitively understand the data.

Preferably, a flow meter 11 is also provided on the liquid inlet pipe, and the flow meter 11 is connected to the display device 3 to display the liquid flow through the display device 3 .

In addition, in order to facilitate the interns to learn the knowledge of cardiology, the simulated heart model 1 includes one or more of the heart rate sensor, stress-strain sensor, ECG sensor, and heart sound sensor in addition to the pressure sensor 2. The pressure sensor is used to detect the heart rate. The pressure value in the model, the heart rate sensor is used to record the beating times and frequency of the simulated heart model 1, the stress and strain sensor is used to measure the deformation of the simulated heart model 1 during contraction and expansion and the stress generated by the deformation, and the ECG sensor is used to The heart sound sensor is used to collect and record the heart sound signal of the simulated heart model 1 , and each of the sensors is connected to the display device 3 . Preferably, each of the above-mentioned sensors is installed in the muscle of the simulated heart model 1, without affecting the overall appearance of the heart, the measured physiological parameters are more real and reliable, and can measure and record cardiac blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart sound, heartbeat frequency, deformation and Various physiological signals such as stress caused by deformation are processed and recorded by the data processing module and displayed in the form of numerical values or graphs, and the beating effect of the heart is realized by the pulsating pump, so different states can be simulated by adjusting the pulsating pump Under the heart condition, it is more convenient to realize the training of the operator.

Due to the large amount of data to be displayed, the above-mentioned pressure sensor 2, heart rate sensor, stress and strain sensor, electrocardiogram sensor, heart sound sensor and flow meter 11 are all connected to the data processing module 12, and the data processing module 12 is connected to the display device.

In addition, in order to more realistically simulate the effect of heart pulsation, a temperature detection element 8 and a heater 9 are also provided, and both the temperature detection element 8 and the heater 9 are connected to the control unit 7, and the temperature detection element 8 is used for The temperature of the liquid in the liquid storage tank 10 is measured and fed back to the control unit. The heater 9 is used to heat the liquid in the liquid storage tank 10 . The control unit 7 controls the heater 9 and the temperature detection element 8 through the program, and the heater 9 is controlled to heat the liquid in the liquid storage tank 10, and the liquid in the liquid storage tank 10 is heated by the temperature detection element 8. The liquid temperature is fed back to the control unit 7. Specifically, the PID algorithm can be used to ensure that the liquid temperature in the liquid storage tank 10 is stable at a constant temperature of 36.5-37.5, thereby simulating the human blood temperature and making the simulation through the pulsating heart model more realistic.

The control unit 7 may be an MCU (Micro Controller Unit) with an analog output function or a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) output function, or a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller). The first-stage electric water pump 4 and the second-stage electric water pump 5 can be diaphragm pumps, rotor pumps, gear pumps, peristaltic pumps, vane pumps or centrifugal pumps, and pressure waveforms with different precision can be obtained by selecting different water pumps.

The pulsation control method of the present invention is as follows: the operator adjusts the parameters through the man-machine interface 6 to set the pulsation pressure and frequency of the simulated heart model 1, and the control unit 7 outputs corresponding control signals according to the data of the interface, and the control signals include frequency settings. Constant and pressure setting, frequency setting By changing the cycle of the output signal of the control unit, the control unit 7 controls the stable operating speed of the first-stage electric water pump 4, thereby determining the output of the flow rate and the minimum pressure in the pipeline system. The control unit 7 changes the output power and rotational speed of the secondary electric water pump 5 by converting the control signal into a corresponding control voltage, so as to generate a periodic pulsation effect, thereby simulating the pulsation effect of body fluid, and displays the waveform diagram through the display device 3 .

Specifically, the control unit 7 controls the flow rate of the liquid to 1-15 L/min through the primary electric water pump 4, so as to obtain a stable flow rate with a certain pressure and play a role of boosting. The control unit 7 controls the secondary electric water pump driving device 51 to output one or more of basic square wave, T-shaped wave, triangular wave, sine wave or self-defined waveform, thereby simulating different pulsation states.

Here, a gear pump is used to describe the implementation case. The output flow of the gear pump is fixed. The simulated heart model 1 can be regarded as a pipeline model. As far as the pipeline model is concerned, the output flow is approximately proportional to the output pressure. Calculate these values through the program and then send the speed control command to the servo to realize the waveform and change the operating parameters: such as operating speed, acceleration and deceleration, high and low speed duration, etc. The realization methods include: inputting the waveform variable and selecting the waveform function formula.

For example, as shown in Figure 2, the gear pump controls the output speed according to the motor drive device 51, and the acceleration waveform function that the control unit 7 inputs to the motor drive device 51 is v=akt+b (wherein a is the acceleration of the gear pump, k, b is a constant, t is the acceleration time), the operator sets the acceleration and deceleration of the waveform by changing the variable a. As shown in Figure 3, the output flow per revolution of the gear pump is fixed, so the pump output Q=vt, the pump output is proportional to the speed, and the pump output is also proportional to the pressure in the pipeline, so the output pressure P waveform curve is as follows As shown in Figure 4, the change of the output pressure waveform of the gear pump can be determined by adjusting the acceleration and the initial speed of the gear pump. By inputting different variables, different pulsation states of the simulated heart model 1 can be obtained, and different heart pathologies correspond to different heart pulsation states. Therefore, various heart pathologies can be simulated by setting different variables.

The method of using the present invention is as follows: (1) The operator selects different heart pathologies through the man-machine interface 3, (2) According to the input selection, the control unit controls the primary water pump and the secondary water pump to make corresponding actions, so that the simulated heart model 1 In the pulsating state, (3) display the data of each sensor in the pulsating state through the display device, so as to let the practitioner know the specific data detected by each sensor under this pathology.

It can be seen from the above description that the simulated heart model of the present invention has a high degree of simulation, and the state of heart pulsation can be simulated through the pulsating heart model 1, and the operator can set different parameters according to actual needs to simulate various heart diseases heart pulsation state, and the display device 3 can record and display various physiological signals such as cardiac blood pressure, electrocardiogram, heart sound, heartbeat frequency, deformation and the stress caused by deformation, and process the recorded signals through the data processing module And it is displayed in the form of numerical value or chart, which is more convenient to realize the training of the operator; and, the present invention controls the liquid flow and liquid pulsation respectively by adopting the two-stage electric water pump control mode, and the simulation is more accurate, which is relatively Compared with the prior art through the piston system to complete the pulse action, on the basis of achieving the same effect as the existing mechanism, the volume of the driving mechanism is greatly reduced, the service life is increased and the manufacturing cost is reduced; in addition, the present invention also designs There are temperature detection element 8 and heater 9, thereby simulating the temperature of human blood, making the simulation of heart pulsation more realistic.

Of course, the above are only typical examples of the present invention. In addition, the present invention can also have other multiple specific implementation modes. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation all fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. Inside.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of pulsatile cardiac model, it is characterised in that：It is single including simulation cardiac module, pressure sensor, display device, control Member, level-one electric water pump, second-stage electric water pump, human-computer interaction interface and liquid reserve tank, the liquid reserve tank are equipped with water outlet and reflux Mouthful, the simulation cardiac module is equipped with inlet and liquid outlet, and the inlet of the water outlet and simulation cardiac module of liquid reserve tank is logical Input duct to be crossed to be connected, the liquid outlet of the simulation cardiac module is connected with the refluxing opening of liquid reserve tank by outlet pipe, The level-one electric water pump and second-stage electric water pump are mounted in input duct, and the level-one electric water pump is located at the simulation heart Between dirty model liquid outlet and second-stage electric water pump, the level-one electric water pump is connected with is respectively connected with water with second-stage electric water pump Pump drive, and the water pump driving device is connected with control unit, the pressure sensor is installed on the inlet tube In road or outlet pipe or simulation cardiac module, and pressure sensor is connected with display device, the human-computer interaction interface and Control unit and display device are connected.

2. pulsatile cardiac model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Further include temperature detecting element and heating Device, the temperature detecting element and heater are connected with control unit, and the temperature detecting element is used for in liquid reserve tank Liquid carries out thermometric, and by measured data feedback to control unit, the heater be used for the liquid in liquid reserve tank into Row heating.

3. pulsatile cardiac model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The input duct is equipped with flowmeter, institute It states flowmeter with display device to be connected, fluid flow is shown by display device.

4. pulsatile cardiac model according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Further include that heart rate sensor and/or stress are answered Become sensor and/or EGC sensor and/or heart sound transducer, the heart rate sensor, stress strain gauge, electrocardio sensing Device, heart sound transducer are mounted on simulation cardiac module, and heart rate sensor, stress strain gauge, EGC sensor, the heart Sound sensor is connected with display device.

5. pulsatile cardiac model according to claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that：The flowmeter, is answered at heart rate sensor Stress-strain sensor, EGC sensor, heart sound transducer are connected with data processing module, the data processing module with it is aobvious Showing device is connected.

6. a kind of ripple control method of pulsatile cardiac model, it is characterised in that：Described in any one of claim 1-5 Pulsatile cardiac model, specifically include following steps,（1）By human-computer interaction interface input variable data,（2）Control unit is logical Water pump driving device control level-one electric water pump is crossed, to control the flow of liquid,（3）Control unit is by controlling water pump driving Device makes second-stage electric water pump provide pulse to liquid, so that simulation cardiac module is in pulse state.

7. the ripple control method of pulsatile cardiac model according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The step（2）In Fluid flow is controlled in 1-15L/min.

8. the ripple control method of pulsatile cardiac model according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The step（3）In The output flow Q of second-stage electric water pump is obtained by the following formula, Q=vt, v=akt+b, and in formula, a is acceleration, and acceleration is defeated Enter step（1）The variable data of middle input, t are the acceleration time, and the acceleration time is input step（1）The variable data of middle input, t It is constant with b.