CN108640272B - 定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力的方法 - Google Patents
定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
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- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen(.) Chemical compound [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011158 quantitative evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000731379 Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis Species 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910018890 NaMoO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[N] Chemical compound [C].[N] CKUAXEQHGKSLHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052927 chalcanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bicarbonate Substances [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力的方法,所述方法为:以工艺稳定运行时反应器的脱氮性能为参考态;以反应器在遭受毒物冲击时,冲击阶段单位时间内脱氮性能衰退的百分比为抗冲击能力指数;以冲击结束后,反应器恢复阶段单位时间内脱氮性能恢复的百分比为恢复能力指数;根据抗冲击能力指数和恢复能力指数定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力;本发明建立的定量评估方法具有简洁,准确,适用性广等优点,填补了目前厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力评价体系的空白。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力的方法。
(二)背景技术
氮是不可或缺的生命元素,它对人类生存发展的重要性不言而喻。但近年来含氮化合物的过量排放,造成了水体富营养化等一系列危害。水中氮素常以氨氮的形式存在,实现高氨氮、低碳氮比废水的高效低耗处理一直是环境工程领域的难题。
厌氧氨氧化工艺因其无需外加有机碳源、脱氮负荷高、运行费用低、占地空间小等优点,已被公认为是目前最经济的生物脱氮工艺之一。近年来,国内外对厌氧氨氧化工艺的研究取得了大量的实验室和工程化成果。但是,一方面由于厌氧氨氧化菌生长缓慢(倍增时间长达11天)、细胞产率低[m(VSS)/m(NH4 +-N)=0.11g/g)、对环境条件敏感,另一方面由于实际废水成分复杂,常含有厌氧氨氧化菌的抑制物质,限制了厌氧氨氧化工艺的进一步应用。因此,有必要建立对健全厌氧氨氧化工艺的评价体系,合理准确地评估该工艺在处理各种废水过程中的适用性,使之在污水脱氮处理领域发挥更重要的作用。
(三)发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提出了一种定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力的方法。本发明建立的定量评估方法具有简洁、准确、适用性广等优点,填补了目前厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力评价体系的空白。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力的方法,所述方法为:
以工艺稳定运行时反应器的脱氮性能为参考态;以反应器在遭受毒物冲击时,冲击阶段单位时间内脱氮性能衰退的百分比为抗冲击能力指数;以冲击结束后,反应器恢复阶段单位时间内脱氮性能恢复的百分比为恢复能力指数;根据抗冲击能力指数和恢复能力指数定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力。
所述的参考态为反应器正常运行时(无毒物抑制)氮容积去除负荷NRR十日变异系数CV10小于5%时的稳定状态,CV10的计算方法为其中 NRRi取正常运行阶段第i天时反应器的氮容积去除负荷(kgN m-3d-1)。
所述的抗冲击能力指数RT(%d-1)的计算方法为其中脱氮性能衰退速率DER(kgN m-3d-2)计算方法为其中 ti为冲击持续时间(d),NRRi取冲击阶段第ti天时反应器的氮容积去除负荷(kgNm-3d-1)。
所述冲击阶段是指:自反应器进水出现毒物时开始,到毒物从反应器进水中消失时结束,持续的总时间计为n(d);因此ti的取值范围为[1,n]。
所述的恢复能力指数RL(%d-1)的计算方法为其中脱氮性能恢复速率RER(kgN m-3d-2)计算方法为其中 Ti为恢复持续时间(d),NRRi取恢复阶段第Ti天时反应器的氮容积去除负荷(kgN m-3d-1)。
所述恢复阶段是指:自毒物从反应器进水中消失时开始,到反应器三日氮容积去除负荷NRRi(kgN m-3d-1)均高于参考态脱氮性能95%置信区间的下边缘时结束,持续的总时间计为N(d);下边缘计算方法为因此Ti的取值范围为[1,N]。
本发明的优点主要体现在:本发明建立的定量评估方法具有简洁,准确,适用性广等优点,填补了目前厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力评价体系的空白。
(四)附图说明
图1为实施例1中厌氧氨氧化反应器运行性能;
图2为实施例1中反应器第一次遭受纳米ZnO冲击时的性能变化;
图3为实施例1中反应器抗冲击能力和恢复能力指数随冲击次数的变化;
图4为反应器抗冲击能力和恢复能力比较示意图。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此。
实施例1
本发明所述的一种定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力的方法,以升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(有效体积1.0L)系统为例,接种污泥取自实验室长期培养的成熟厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥,颗粒粒径为2.2±1.4mm,胞外聚合物含量为276.5±17.9mg g-1VSS,比厌氧氨氧化活性522.3±41.5mgTN g-1VSS d-1,主导菌种为Candidatus Kueneniastuttgartiensis。
反应器置于35±1℃恒温室中,避光运行,初始污泥浓度20.1gVSS L-1,水力停留时间为1.2h,初始进水组成为10mg L-1NaH2PO4,73.5mg L-1CaCl2·2H2O,58.6mg L-1MgSO4·7H2O,840mg L-1NaHCO3,微量元素I和II分别为1.25ml L-1,NH4 +-N和NO2 --N各为280mg L-1。
微量元素I组成为:EDTA 5.00g·L-1,FeSO4 9.14g·L-1;
微量元素II组成为:EDTA 15.0g·L-1,ZnSO4·7H2O 0.430g·L-1,CoCl2·6H2O0.240g·L-1,MnCl2·4H2O 0.990g·L-1,CuSO4·5H2O 0.250g·L-1,NaMoO4·2H2O 0.220g·L-1,NiCl2·6H2O 0.210g·L-1,H3BO4 0.014g·L-1。
经过逐步调整水力停留时间至0.96h,反应器可在14.0kgN m-3d-1容积氮负荷下保持高效稳定运行,容积氮去除率稳定在85%以上,且十日变异系数小于5%。以毒性纳米ZnO(30±10nm)为模拟毒物,评估厌氧氨氧化工艺对纳米ZnO的抗冲击能力和恢复能力。
反应器的运行情况如图1所示,其中图2详细描述了反应器第一次遭受纳米ZnO冲击的响应。反应器五次冲击-恢复过程中的抗冲击能力指数和恢复能力指数如表1所示。结果表明,多次间歇冲击可强化厌氧氨氧化反应器的抗冲击能力和恢复能力(图3)。实施例证明,本方法可简洁明了且准确地评估和比较厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力(图4)。
表1 厌氧氨氧化反应器的抗冲击能力和恢复能力指数
Claims (4)
1.一种定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力的方法,其特征在于,所述方法为:
以工艺稳定运行时反应器的脱氮性能为参考态;以反应器在遭受毒物冲击时,冲击阶段单位时间内脱氮性能衰退的百分比为抗冲击能力指数;以冲击结束后,反应器恢复阶段单位时间内脱氮性能恢复的百分比为恢复能力指数;根据抗冲击能力指数和恢复能力指数定量评估厌氧氨氧化工艺抗冲击能力和恢复能力。
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