CN108582767B - Unsupported 3D printing method - Google Patents
Unsupported 3D printing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108582767B CN108582767B CN201810286604.5A CN201810286604A CN108582767B CN 108582767 B CN108582767 B CN 108582767B CN 201810286604 A CN201810286604 A CN 201810286604A CN 108582767 B CN108582767 B CN 108582767B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 121
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/124—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an unsupported 3D printing method, which comprises the steps of using resin with high viscosity and extremely poor fluidity at normal temperature and approaching or reaching an approximate gel state, processing a photosensitive resin layer superposed in the height direction in a layer-by-layer curing mode, curing the irradiated photosensitive resin to form a workpiece, cooling the photosensitive resin which is not irradiated around a cured object and then converting the photosensitive resin into an approximate gel state, and partially wrapping and fixing the workpiece; according to the printing method, uncured approximately gel-like photosensitive resin around the workpiece is used for replacing a solid support in the traditional printing process, the object forming quality is high, the surface treatment is convenient, meanwhile, no waste is generated in the whole printing process, heating is carried out after printing is finished, the uncured resin is heated and converted into liquid state and then recycled, and the cured resin keeps a solid shape for use. The method obviously reduces the cost of production raw materials, simplifies the photocuring 3D printing process and improves the production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of 3D printing, in particular to an unsupported 3D printing method.
Background
3D printing, a rapid prototyping technology, has been rapidly emerging and developing in recent years. Compared with the traditional processing mode, the 3D printing can efficiently construct a three-dimensional model with a complex structure with lower cost, so that the three-dimensional model is widely applied to various fields such as industrial design, buildings, automobiles, aerospace, medical treatment, military industry and the like.
The most common 3D printing methods can be classified into FDM (fused deposition modeling), SLS (powder material selective laser sintering), and SLA (photosensitive resin selective curing) according to their principles. The FDM technology adopts coiled wire-shaped raw materials, the price is low, but the forming speed is low, the precision is low, and the surface of a workpiece needs subsequent polishing treatment; workpieces manufactured by the SLS technology have the same poor surface quality, long preheating and cooling time is needed before and after processing, and the equipment cost and the maintenance cost of the used high-power laser are extremely high; the SLA technology has the advantages of high forming speed, high working stability and extremely high precision, so that the SLA technology has the widest application prospect. For 3D printing, because the shapes of the manufactured workpieces are different, a supporting part is often required to be additionally added in the printing process to ensure the stable posture of the workpiece, so that the cost of post-processing of the workpiece is greatly increased, and the forming precision is also restricted. It is therefore necessary to invent an unsupported 3D printing method.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an unsupported 3D printing method.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the unsupported 3D printing method provided by the invention is characterized in that the photosensitive resin layers superposed in the height direction are processed in a layer-by-layer photocuring mode, the irradiated photosensitive resin is cured to form a workpiece, the non-irradiated photosensitive resin around the workpiece is cooled and then converted into a gel-like state, and the workpiece is wrapped and fixed.
Further, determining the placement position of the workpiece relative to the printing platform before the 3D printing operation is carried out; and (3) segmenting the model into a plurality of slices layer by layer along the height direction of the printing platform to obtain the section graph of each layer of slice.
Further, when 3D printing is carried out, the photosensitive resin layer is laid on the printing platform; the thickness of each photosensitive resin layer is the same as that of the corresponding slice, and the cross section of each photosensitive resin layer is larger than that of the corresponding slice; each layer is formed by heating and paving a photosensitive resin layer, and a curing light source is adopted for curing treatment, wherein the shape and the size irradiated by the curing light source are consistent with the corresponding section of the slice; when the curing is completed, the uncured photosensitive resin turns into a nearly gel-like state as the temperature is lowered.
Further, after each layer of photosensitive resin is subjected to photocuring, the printing platform or the curing light source is moved, so that the distance from the curing light source to the top of the photosensitive resin layer is always kept at a fixed value.
Further, the photosensitive resin is arranged on the printing platform in a spraying mode after being heated.
Further, after the spraying, the upper surface of the photosensitive resin layer is subjected to blade coating by using a scraper.
Further, after printing is finished, a workpiece wrapped by the approximately gel-like photosensitive resin is obtained, the workpiece and the approximately gel-like resin are heated, the photosensitive resin which is converted into liquid state by heating is recovered, and the workpiece is cleaned.
Further, before printing the workpiece, a plurality of layers of photosensitive resin are laid on the printing platform, and the photosensitive resin is used as a bedding after being cooled and transformed into an approximate gel state, and then the operation of printing the workpiece is carried out on the bedding.
Has the advantages that: according to the unsupported 3D printing method, the work piece is produced by adopting a curing light source in a layer-by-layer printing mode, and uncured approximately gel-like photosensitive resin around the work piece plays a role in supporting and fixing; according to the printing method, a solid support piece in the traditional printing process is not needed, the object forming quality is high, the surface treatment is convenient, meanwhile, waste materials are not generated in the whole printing process, heating is carried out after printing is completed, uncured resin is heated and converted into liquid state and then recycled, and the cured resin keeps a solid shape for use. The method obviously reduces the cost of production raw materials, simplifies the photocuring 3D printing process and improves the production efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of unsupported 3D printing;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a hollow triangular prism workpiece;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the orientation of a workpiece;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a model cut layer;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a change in sectional view;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the overlapping dimensions of the photosensitive resin layer and the cut section;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the printing effect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The unsupported 3D printing method includes processing the superposed photosensitive resin layers in the height direction in a layer-by-layer photocuring mode, curing the irradiated photosensitive resin to form a workpiece, cooling the non-irradiated photosensitive resin around the workpiece to convert the non-irradiated photosensitive resin into gel, and wrapping and fixing the workpiece. The raw materials used for 3D printing, such as photosensitive cured polyurethane resin or other high-functionality resin or oligomer, are high in viscosity and difficult to flow at normal temperature, the viscosity of the raw materials is greatly reduced after the raw materials are heated to a certain temperature, and the raw materials are restored to the high viscosity again after being cooled to room temperature, namely, the raw materials are similar to gel.
Determining the placement position of a workpiece relative to a printing platform before 3D printing operation; and (3) segmenting the model into a plurality of slices layer by layer along the height direction of the printing platform to obtain the section graph of each layer of slice.
When 3D printing is carried out, the photosensitive resin layer is laid on the printing platform; the thickness of each photosensitive resin layer is the same as that of the corresponding slice, and the cross section of each photosensitive resin layer is larger than that of the corresponding slice; each layer is formed by heating and paving a photosensitive resin layer, and a curing light source is adopted for curing treatment, wherein the shape and the size irradiated by the curing light source are consistent with the corresponding section of the slice; when the curing is completed, the uncured photosensitive resin turns into a nearly gel-like state as the temperature is lowered.
After each layer of photosensitive resin is subjected to photocuring, the printing platform or the curing light source is moved, so that the distance from the curing light source to the top of the photosensitive resin layer is always kept at a fixed value.
The photosensitive resin is arranged on the printing platform in a spraying mode after being heated.
And after the spraying is finished, scraping the upper surface of the photosensitive resin layer by using a scraper.
And after printing is finished, obtaining a workpiece wrapped by the photosensitive resin similar to the gel state, heating the workpiece and the photosensitive resin similar to the gel state, recovering the photosensitive resin which is converted into the liquid state by heating, and cleaning the workpiece.
Before printing the workpiece, a plurality of layers of photosensitive resin are laid on a printing platform, the photosensitive resin is used as a bedding after being cooled and transformed into a state similar to gel, and then the operation of printing the workpiece is carried out on the bedding.
As shown in the flow chart of fig. 1, the method can be summarized as the following steps:
step one, importing a model file of a workpiece into corresponding software, and adjusting and determining the placement position of the model relative to a printing platform; the model is segmented into a plurality of slices layer by layer along the height direction of the printing platform to obtain a section graph of each layer of slice;
when the workpieces are placed, the placing height of the workpieces is reduced as much as possible to reduce the number of resin laying layers, so that the printing steps are reduced, and the printing efficiency is improved; meanwhile, because the precision of the image irradiated by the light source determines the printing precision in the horizontal direction, and the thickness of the photosensitive resin layer determines the printing precision in the height direction, when the processing precision in the two directions is different, the detail part can be placed in the position with high precision when the placing position is designed, and the best quality of the printed workpiece is ensured.
Secondly, the photosensitive resin layer is laid on the printing platform by using spraying equipment, and a scraper is selected to scrape the upper surface of the photosensitive resin layer according to the spraying effect of the resin so as to keep the photosensitive resin layer flat, so that the printing precision is improved; the thickness of each photosensitive resin layer is the same as that of the corresponding slice, and the cross section of each photosensitive resin layer is larger than that of the corresponding slice;
before printing a workpiece, paving a plurality of layers of photosensitive resin on a printing platform, cooling the photosensitive resin to be in a gel-like state, and then serving as a bedding, and then performing the operation of printing the workpiece on the bedding; continuously laying a photosensitive resin layer above the gel-like bedding, curing the resin layer by using a curing light source when one layer of photosensitive resin layer is laid, wherein the shape irradiated by the curing light source is consistent with the corresponding section of the slice, and continuously laying the next layer of photosensitive resin above the uncured area after the uncured area of the layer is cooled and converted into a gel-like state;
the part of the photosensitive resin layer which is not irradiated by the curing light source is cooled and converted into a state similar to gel, so that the part cured inside is surrounded, the supporting and fixing effects are achieved, then, the new layer of photosensitive resin layer is continuously overlaid and laid on the upper layer of resin layer, and the cured photosensitive resins in the adjacent resin layers are mutually connected to form a workpiece shape; the processes of resin laying and light curing are alternately and circularly carried out until the workpiece is printed.
Step three, after each layer of photosensitive resin is subjected to photocuring, moving the printing platform or the curing light source to enable the distance between the curing light source and the top of the photosensitive resin layer to be always kept at a fixed value;
the distance between the curing light source and the top of the photosensitive resin layer is fixed, so that the change of the amplification ratio when the graph emitted from the curing light source reaches the surface of the resin can be avoided, the curing light source only needs to change light rays according to the section graphs of different slices under the fixed amplification ratio, the complicated process of scaling and adjusting the emitted graph is avoided, the printing process is simplified, and the production efficiency is improved;
the position of the curing light source is preferably fixed, and the distance from the curing light source to the top of the photosensitive resin layer is always fixed in a mode of moving the printing platform; the mode that adopts the removal print platform is relative to the advantage that removes the solidification light source: if the scheme that the printing platform is fixed and the curing light source moves is adopted, the height of the resin on the uppermost layer is continuously increased, so that the spraying equipment and the scraper also need to synchronously move together with the curing light source; if the scheme that the printing platform moves and the curing light source does not move is adopted, the tops of the uppermost resin layers can be at the same height, so that the spraying equipment and the scraper do not need to move up and down together, the operation steps are greatly simplified, and the processing precision is kept stable.
And step four, obtaining a workpiece wrapped by the photosensitive resin similar to the gel after printing is finished, heating the workpiece, recovering the photosensitive resin converted into the liquid state, and cleaning the workpiece.
The following description will be made by taking a hollow triangular prism workpiece as an example as shown in fig. 2:
step one, importing a model file of a hollow triangular prism workpiece into corresponding software, and determining the placing position of the model relative to a printing platform as shown in figure 3; as shown in fig. 4, the model is segmented into a plurality of slices layer by layer along the height direction of the printing platform, and then a cross-sectional graph of each layer of slice is obtained, wherein a plane formed by a dotted line in the graph is a segmentation plane; FIG. 5(a) shows a cross-sectional view of a starting (first layer) cut surface; then the dividing plane rises, the obtained section pattern becomes gradually larger as shown in FIG. 5(b) and FIG. 5(c), and then the maximum section pattern as shown in FIG. 5(d) is obtained; the division plane continues to rise, as shown in fig. 5(e) and 5(f), the interface graph gradually becomes smaller; finally, all the cross-sectional patterns are superposed to determine the area size of the laid photosensitive resin layer. (the area of the photosensitive resin layer is not smaller than the area of the cross section after the stacking, as shown in FIG. 6, the thick line frame at the periphery represents the printing platform area, the dotted line figure at the inside represents the sum of the stacking of the sliced sections, and the solid line figure represents the area of the photosensitive resin layer.)
Secondly, paving the photosensitive resin layer on a printing platform by using spraying equipment, and then carrying out blade coating on the upper surface of the photosensitive resin layer by using a scraper so as to keep the photosensitive resin layer flat; the thickness of each photosensitive resin layer is the same as that of the corresponding slice, and the cross section of each photosensitive resin layer is larger than that of the corresponding slice;
before printing a workpiece, paving a plurality of layers of photosensitive resin on a printing platform, cooling the photosensitive resin to be in a gel-like state, and then serving as a bedding, and then performing the operation of printing the workpiece on the bedding; continuously laying a photosensitive resin layer above the gel-like bedding, curing the resin layer by using a curing light source when one layer of photosensitive resin layer is laid, wherein the shape irradiated by the curing light source is consistent with the corresponding section of the slice, and continuously laying the next layer of photosensitive resin above the uncured area after the uncured area of the layer is cooled and converted into a gel-like state; until the workpiece is printed;
as shown in fig. 7, which is a schematic view showing the printing effect, the bottom plate represents a printing table, the solid line area above the plate represents a photosensitive resin of approximately gel-like form, and the dotted line area represents a workpiece made of the photosensitive resin subjected to curing treatment.
And step three, after each layer of photosensitive resin is subjected to photocuring and the rest part of the resin is converted into an approximate gel state, moving the printing platform to enable the height from the curing light source to the top of the photosensitive resin layer to be restored to the position before printing, and then continuing printing.
Step four, obtaining a workpiece wrapped by the approximately gel-like photosensitive resin after printing is finished, heating the workpiece, so that the approximately gel-like resin wrapped around the workpiece is heated and is converted into liquid again, and the part of liquid photosensitive resin can be collected for cyclic utilization, thereby improving the utilization rate of raw materials and reducing the production cost; and finally, cleaning the workpiece to obtain a clean finished product, and finishing the printing process.
According to the printing method, uncured approximately gel-like photosensitive resin around the workpiece is used for replacing a solid support in the traditional printing process, the object forming quality is high, the surface treatment is convenient, meanwhile, no waste is generated in the whole printing process, heating is carried out after printing is finished, the uncured resin is heated and converted into liquid state and then recycled, and the cured resin keeps a solid shape for use. The method obviously reduces the cost of production raw materials, simplifies the photocuring 3D printing process and improves the production efficiency.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An unsupported 3D printing method, characterized by: processing the photosensitive resin layers superposed in the height direction in a layer-by-layer photocuring mode, solidifying the irradiated photosensitive resin to form a workpiece, cooling the non-irradiated photosensitive resin around the workpiece to convert the non-irradiated photosensitive resin into gel, and wrapping and fixing the workpiece;
determining the placement position of a workpiece relative to a printing platform before 3D printing operation; the model is segmented into a plurality of slices layer by layer along the height direction of the printing platform to obtain a section graph of each layer of slice;
when 3D printing is carried out, the photosensitive resin layer is laid on the printing platform; the thickness of each photosensitive resin layer is the same as that of the corresponding slice, and the cross section of each photosensitive resin layer is larger than that of the corresponding slice; each layer is formed by heating and paving a photosensitive resin layer, and a curing light source is adopted for curing treatment, wherein the shape and the size irradiated by the curing light source are consistent with the corresponding section of the slice; when the curing is completed, the uncured photosensitive resin turns into a nearly gel-like state as the temperature is lowered.
2. An unsupported 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after each layer of photosensitive resin is subjected to photocuring, the printing platform or the curing light source is moved, so that the distance from the curing light source to the top of the photosensitive resin layer is always kept at a fixed value.
3. An unsupported 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the photosensitive resin is arranged on the printing platform in a spraying mode after being heated.
4. An unsupported 3D printing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: and after the spraying is finished, scraping the upper surface of the photosensitive resin layer by using a scraper.
5. An unsupported 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and after printing is finished, obtaining a workpiece wrapped by the photosensitive resin similar to the gel state, heating the workpiece and the photosensitive resin similar to the gel state, recovering the photosensitive resin which is converted into the liquid state by heating, and cleaning the workpiece.
6. An unsupported 3D printing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: before printing the workpiece, a plurality of layers of photosensitive resin are laid on a printing platform, the photosensitive resin is used as a bedding after being cooled and transformed into a state similar to gel, and then the operation of printing the workpiece is carried out on the bedding.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810286604.5A CN108582767B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2018-03-30 | Unsupported 3D printing method |
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| CN201810286604.5A CN108582767B (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2018-03-30 | Unsupported 3D printing method |
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| CN108582767A CN108582767A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
| CN108582767B true CN108582767B (en) | 2020-10-16 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109320185A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-02-12 | 武汉理工大学 | A gel material suitable for unsupported 3D printing of gypsum-based materials and preparation method thereof |
| CN113306145B (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2023-01-24 | 苏州铼赛智能科技有限公司 | Manufacturing method, system, 3D printing device and image processing method |
| CN110328845B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-05-17 | 吴振行 | Method for extruding 3D printing of multiple materials |
| CN110328841B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-05-17 | 吴振行 | Extrusion type 3D color printing method |
| CN110328842B (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2022-05-17 | 吴振行 | Extrusion type 3D printing method |
| CN111361145B (en) * | 2020-03-17 | 2021-06-15 | 华南理工大学 | Multi-degree-of-freedom 3D printing method, device and system based on surface exposure |
| CN111923408A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-11-13 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A system and method for unsupported 3D printing based on gel environment |
| CN112519203A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-03-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Efficient nondestructive supporting method for surface projection photocuring 3D printing based on gray level exposure |
| CN113183459B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2023-05-12 | 苏州铼赛智能科技有限公司 | 3D printing device, control method thereof and storage medium |
| CN113619115B (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2023-05-19 | 武汉阿尔法激光有限公司 | Large-format 3D printing method and printing structure with variable size |
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| CN105172143B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2018-03-13 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 3D printer and 3D printing method |
| US10174205B2 (en) * | 2015-10-19 | 2019-01-08 | Xerox Corporation | Printing process |
| CN107267386B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2020-08-11 | 西安点云生物科技有限公司 | 3D printing method |
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