CN108575269B - Biomimetic flax harvesting device and harvesting method - Google Patents
Biomimetic flax harvesting device and harvesting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108575269B CN108575269B CN201810317385.2A CN201810317385A CN108575269B CN 108575269 B CN108575269 B CN 108575269B CN 201810317385 A CN201810317385 A CN 201810317385A CN 108575269 B CN108575269 B CN 108575269B
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- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 230000003592 biomimetic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 3
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000254173 Coleoptera Species 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009916 joint effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000130993 Scarabaeus <genus> Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000251169 Alopias vulpinus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001055 chewing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001124569 Lycaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000254043 Melolonthinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
- A01D41/02—Self-propelled combines
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D41/00—Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
- A01D41/12—Details of combines
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Outside Dividers And Delivering Mechanisms For Harvesters (AREA)
Abstract
仿生胡麻收获装置及收获方法。本发明涉及农业机械中胡麻收获设备技术领域，尤其是涉及一种胡麻收获仿生割台。其特点是包括分禾器，所述的分禾器前端设置有茎秆仿生切割装置，分禾器上设置有拨禾轮，拨禾轮上设置有拨禾弹齿，拨禾轮下方设置有辅助脱粒装置，分禾器两侧对应设置有气流清理装置。其通过茎秆仿生切割装置、气流清理装置，辅助脱粒装置的共同配合作用下，仿生割刀有效减少了对胡麻漏割、重割面积，降低了茎秆对刀片的磨损，增加了对胡麻茎秆切入能力；气流清理装置实现了对割台残留茎秆和籽粒的清理；辅助脱粒装置实现了对胡麻缠绕茎秆的切割和蒴果籽粒的初级脱粒，可有效缓解胡麻收获作业中割台损失率大、切割效率低、清选含杂率低、功率损耗高等问题，避免胡麻在收获过程中的茎秆缠绕现象。
Biomimetic flax harvesting device and harvesting method. The invention relates to the technical field of flax harvesting equipment in agricultural machinery, in particular to a bionic header for flax harvesting. It is characterized in that it includes a crop divider, the front end of the crop divider is provided with a bionic cutting device for stalks, a crop reel is provided on the crop divider, a crop reel is provided with a crop reel, and a crop reel is provided below the crop reel. Auxiliary threshing device, and airflow cleaning devices are correspondingly arranged on both sides of the crop separator. Through the joint action of the bionic cutting device for stalks, the airflow cleaning device and the auxiliary threshing device, the bionic cutting knife effectively reduces the area of missed cutting and re-cutting of flax, reduces the wear of the stalk on the blade, and increases the damage to the flax stalk. Stem cutting ability; the airflow cleaning device realizes the cleaning of residual stalks and grains on the header; the auxiliary threshing device realizes the cutting of flax wrapped stalks and the primary threshing of capsule seeds, which can effectively reduce the loss rate of the header in the flax harvesting operation. Large, low cutting efficiency, low cleaning impurity rate, high power loss, avoid the stalk entanglement of flax in the harvesting process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flax harvesting equipment in agricultural machinery, in particular to a flax harvesting device and a flax harvesting method.
Background
For a long time, the flax is always an important oil crop in the north of China, the planting and demand of the flax is continuously increased in recent years, good development opportunities are brought to the mechanical harvesting of the flax, and the realization of the mechanical harvesting of the flax is a necessary trend. Among them, the growing provinces of flax represented by Gansu, Ningxia and inner Mongolia urgently need flax harvesting machinery with good operation performance, and the design and research of the header of the flax harvester are the most critical core components.
In the aspect of harvesting machines, most of domestic large-scale harvesting machines with high automation level are harvesting machines for wheat, rice and the like at present, a harvester for the flax is not provided, in the existing equipment, a pull-out harvester is generally adopted for harvesting the flax, and the following problems exist in the aspect of operation efficiency: firstly, the clamped part easily causes waste loss to the flax capsules in the harvesting process; secondly, the flax capsule with higher maturity is easy to crack in the harvesting process to cause the falling of seeds; thirdly, the lodging flax is easy to block in the harvesting process; fourthly, the cutter is easily abraded and wound due to irregular stalk cutting crops in the harvesting process. Therefore, such harvesters have failed to meet and accommodate the harvesting requirements of flax crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a bionic flax harvesting device and a harvesting method, which aim to realize the high-efficiency harvesting of flax by the joint cooperation of a stalk bionic cutting device, an airflow cleaning device and an auxiliary threshing device from the perspective of a bionic scarab chewing mouth device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a bionical flax harvesting apparatus, includes the frame, is equipped with the divider at the frame front end, and the frame rear end is equipped with the material delivery outlet, is equipped with movable branch in the frame, and the reel supports on movable branch be equipped with supplementary thresher in the frame at divider rear divide the frame at divider rear to be equipped with the cutting bed in the frame between divider and the supplementary thresher, be equipped with bionical cutting device at the cutting bed front end, the reel set up in bionical cutting device top still be equipped with air current cleaning device in the frame of cutting bed department.
The auxiliary threshing device comprises an auger, a cutter for cutting stalks is arranged between blades on the wall of the auger, a guide plate is arranged above the auger, a concave sieve is arranged at the front part of the auger, and the primarily threshed flax seeds screened by the concave sieve fall into a horizontal spiral conveyer arranged below the auger and are output to a material output port from left to right through the horizontal spiral conveyer; the sieve pores of the concave plate sieve are hexagonal, and the diameter of an inscribed circle of the sieve pores is about 6-10 mm.
A gap for preventing blockage in the harvesting process is arranged between the auger and the concave plate sieve.
The bionic cutting device consists of a bionic moving blade and a fixed blade matched with the bionic moving blade, and the bionic moving blade is correspondingly provided with a blade pressing device; the fixed blade is riveted on the cutter frame, the bionic moving blade is riveted on the cutter bar, the cutter bar is connected with the cutter frame through the pressure knife device, and the distance between the bionic moving blade and the fixed blade is 76-82 mm.
The bionic movable blade is in a trapezoidal structure by taking the mouth tool of the scarab as reference, the section of the main blade surface is in a wave shape, the blade edge is in an oblique sawtooth structure, and the lower bottom edge of the main blade surface and the blade waist are in arc transition.
The airflow cleaning device comprises a positive pressure air nozzle arranged on one side of the cutting table, a negative pressure air nozzle arranged below the other side of the cutting table, an airflow pipe and a high-pressure fan, wherein the positive pressure air nozzle is connected with the airflow pipe in a spherical hinge mode, and the high-pressure fan used for supplying air is communicated with the airflow pipe, the negative pressure air nozzle and the positive pressure air nozzle.
The section of the positive pressure air nozzle of the air flow cleaning device is isosceles trapezoid, the shape of an air flow outlet of the positive pressure air nozzle is rectangular, and two positive pressure air nozzles which are arranged side by side are arranged according to the width of the cutting table; the negative pressure air faucet is characterized in that the shape of an air outlet of the negative pressure air faucet is also rectangular, two negative pressure air faucets which are arranged side by side are also arranged, and a reticular clapboard for preventing stalk sundries from entering an air pipe is further arranged on the negative pressure air faucet.
A hydraulic cylinder for adjusting the position of the reel is also arranged between the movable supporting rod for supporting the reel and the frame; the reel is also provided with reel spring teeth.
The power shaft of the reel is provided with a reel input belt wheel, the reel input belt wheel is connected with a combined belt wheel-chain wheel at the end part of the power input shaft through a V-shaped belt, and the power input shaft is arranged on the rack through a bearing.
The invention also provides a flax harvesting method of the bionic flax harvesting device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of anti-winding cutting of flax stalks and primary threshing of flax seeds by an auxiliary threshing device: the middle-upper part of the flax stem is pushed to the auxiliary threshing device by a reel, the flax stem is cut off by a bionic cutting device, the mixture of the cut flax stem and the flax capsule is extruded and kneaded along a cutting table by a screw feeder cutter and a concave plate sieve, the flax is wound by long stems and is cut off, and the mixture is discharged through a material outlet; meanwhile, the initial threshing of the flax capsules with high maturity in the mixture is realized, flax seeds in part of the capsules after the threshing fall into a horizontal screw conveyor through a concave plate sieve, and the horizontal screw conveyor conveys the flax seeds from left to right to a material output port for discharging.
(2) Cleaning a cutting table by using an air flow cleaning device: the positive pressure air nozzle of the air flow cleaning device is connected with the air flow pipe through a spherical hinge, so that the positive pressure air nozzle rotates in the space, and the rotating blowing speed of the air flow in the space is 7.2-8.6 m/s; the airflow of the high-pressure fan can form a stable airflow field on the cutting table, wherein the wind speed is 5.1-6.6m/s, and the wind power of the airflow field is 3-5 grades; the flax stem material with capsules on the harvesting platform and residual flax seeds are continuously blown to a material output port on the right side of the harvesting platform, so that harvesting operation without retention of the flax material and seeds is completed, and the average airflow velocity provided by a positive pressure air nozzle of the airflow cleaning device is 6-8 m/s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the flax harvesting bionic header is characterized in that a header cutter special for flax crops is provided from the angle of a bionic chafer chewing mouth device, and the flax crops are harvested at high efficiency under the coordination of a high-speed airflow field; through the cooperation of the stem bionic cutting device, the airflow cleaning device and the auxiliary threshing device, the bionic cutting knife effectively reduces the cutting missing and cutting repeating areas, reduces the abrasion of the flax stems to the blades and increases the cutting capability of the flax stems; the airflow cleaning device realizes the cleaning of the residual stalks and seeds of the header; the auxiliary threshing device realizes the primary cutting of the flax stalks and the primary threshing of seeds, can effectively solve the problems of high loss rate of a header, low cutting efficiency, low impurity cleaning rate, high power loss and the like in the flax harvesting operation, and simultaneously avoids the phenomenon of stalk winding of the flax in the harvesting process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the bionic cutting device shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the bionic moving blade shown in FIG. 2 according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the airflow cleaning apparatus shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the auxiliary threshing device shown in FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a concave screen structure of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram comparing the cutting patterns of the cutting device of the header of the present invention and the conventional cutting device of the header;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a negative pressure nozzle of the present invention.
Shown in the figure: 1. a crop divider; 2. a bionic cutting device; 2-1 bionic moving blade; 2-2, fixing the blade; 2-3. a tool rest; 2-4, fixing a cutter rivet; 2-5, pressing the blade; 2-6, moving blade rivet; 2-7. a cutter bar; 3. a reel; 4. a reel input belt wheel; a V-belt; 6. a combination pulley-sprocket; 7. a bearing seat; 8. reel spring teeth; 9. an air flow cleaning device; 9-1, a high-pressure fan; 9-2. an airflow pipe; 9-3. a negative pressure air nozzle; 9-4. a positive pressure air nozzle; 10. a hydraulic cylinder; 11. a power input shaft; 12. an auxiliary threshing device; 12-1. an auger; 12-2, concave plate sieve; 12-3, a guide plate; 12-4. a horizontal screw conveyor; 12-5, cutting; 13. a material outlet; 14. a frame; 15. cutting table; 16. a movable support rod.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are set forth by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 4, a bionic flax harvesting device comprises a frame 14, wherein a divider 1 is arranged at the front end of the frame 14, a material outlet 13 is arranged at the rear end of the frame 14, a movable supporting rod 16 is arranged on the frame 14, a reel 3 is supported on the movable supporting rod 16, an auxiliary threshing device 12 is arranged on the frame 14 behind the divider 1, a cutting table 15 is arranged on the frame 14 between the divider 1 and the auxiliary threshing device 12, a bionic cutting device 2 is arranged at the front end of the cutting table 15, the reel 3 is arranged above the bionic cutting device 2, and an air flow cleaning device 9 is also arranged on the frame at the cutting table 15.
The auxiliary threshing device 12 comprises an auger 12-1, a cutter 12-5 for cutting stalks is arranged between blades on the wall of the auger 12-1, a guide plate 12-3 is arranged above the auger 12-1, a concave plate sieve 12-2 is arranged at the front part of the auger 12-1, and the primarily threshed flax seeds screened by the concave plate sieve 12-2 fall into a horizontal spiral conveyor 12-4 arranged below the auger 12-1 and are output to a material output port from left to right through the horizontal spiral conveyor 12-4. The sieve pores of the concave plate sieve 12-2 are hexagonal, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the sieve pores is 6-10 mm. A gap for preventing blockage in the harvesting process is arranged between the auger 12-1 and the concave plate sieve 12-2.
The bionic cutting device 2 consists of a bionic moving blade 2-1 and a fixed blade 2-2 matched with the bionic moving blade 2-1, and a blade pressing device 2-5 is correspondingly arranged on the bionic moving blade 2-1; the fixed blade 2-2 is riveted on the cutter frame 2-3, the bionic moving blade 2-1 is riveted on the cutter bar 2-7, the cutter bar 2-7 is connected with the cutter frame 2-3 through the blade pressing device 2-5, and the distance between the bionic moving blade 2-1 and the fixed blade 2-2 is 76-82 mm; the bionic moving blade 2-1 is in a trapezoid structure by reference of the mouth tool of the scarab, the section of the main blade surface 2-1-1 is in a wave shape, the blade edge 2-1-2 is in an oblique sawtooth structure, and the lower bottom edge 2-1-3 of the main blade surface 2-1-1 and the blade waist 2-1-4 are in arc transition.
The air flow cleaning device 9 comprises a positive pressure air nozzle 9-4 arranged on one side of the cutting table and a negative pressure air nozzle 9-3 arranged below the other side of the cutting table, and also comprises an air flow pipe 9-2 and a high pressure fan 9-1, wherein the positive pressure air nozzle 9-4 is connected with the air flow pipe 9-2 in a spherical hinge mode, and the high pressure fan 9-1 used for supplying air is communicated with the air flow pipe 9-2, the negative pressure air nozzle 9-3 and the positive pressure air nozzle 9-4. The cross section of the positive pressure air nozzle 9-4 of the air flow cleaning device 9 is isosceles trapezoid, the shape of an air flow outlet of the positive pressure air nozzle 9-4 is rectangular, and two positive pressure air nozzles 9-4 which are arranged side by side are arranged according to the width of the cutting table 15; the negative pressure air nozzle 9-3 is also rectangular in air flow outlet shape, and is also provided with two negative pressure air nozzle negative pressure air nozzles 9-3 which are arranged side by side, and the negative pressure air nozzle 9-3 is also provided with a reticular clapboard for preventing stalk sundries from entering the air pipe.
A reel input belt wheel 4 is arranged on a power shaft of the reel 3, the reel input belt wheel 4 is connected with a combined belt wheel-chain wheel 6 at the end part of the power input shaft through a V-shaped belt 5, and the power input shaft is arranged on the rack through a bearing 7; a hydraulic cylinder 10 for adjusting the position of the reel is also arranged between the movable supporting rod for supporting the reel 3 and the frame. A reel gear 8 is arranged on the reel 3.
Example 2: the same as in example 1, except that: the sieve pores of the concave plate sieve 12-2 are hexagonal, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the sieve pores is 6 mm; the distance between the bionic moving blade 2-1 and the fixed blade 2-2 is 76 mm.
Example 3: the same as in example 1, except that: the sieve pores of the concave plate sieve 12-2 are hexagonal, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the sieve pores is 10 mm; the distance between the bionic moving blade 2-1 and the fixed blade 2-2 is 82 mm.
Example 4: the same as in example 1, except that: the sieve pores of the concave plate sieve 12-2 are hexagonal, and the diameter of the inscribed circle of the sieve pores is 8 mm; the distance between the bionic moving blade 2-1 and the fixed blade 2-2 is 79 mm.
Example 5: the invention also provides a flax harvesting method of the bionic flax harvesting device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of anti-winding cutting of flax stalks and primary threshing of flax seeds by an auxiliary threshing device: the middle-upper part of the flax stem is pushed to the auxiliary threshing device by a reel, the flax stem is cut off by a bionic cutting device, the mixture of the cut flax stem and the flax capsule is extruded and kneaded along a cutting table by a screw feeder cutter and a concave plate sieve, the flax is wound by long stems and is cut off, and the mixture is discharged through a material outlet; meanwhile, the initial threshing of the flax capsules with high maturity in the mixture is realized, flax seeds in part of the capsules after the threshing fall into a horizontal screw conveyor through a concave plate sieve, and the horizontal screw conveyor conveys the flax seeds from left to right to a material output port for discharging.
(2) Cleaning a cutting table by using an air flow cleaning device: the positive pressure air nozzle of the air flow cleaning device is connected with the air flow pipe through a spherical hinge, so that the positive pressure air nozzle rotates in the space, and the rotating blowing speed of the air flow in the space is 7.2-8.6 m/s; the airflow of the high-pressure fan can form a stable airflow field on the cutting table, wherein the wind speed is 5.1-6.6m/s, and the wind power of the airflow field is 3-5 grades; continuously blowing the flax stem material with capsules and residual flax seeds on the harvesting platform to a material output port on the right side of the harvesting platform to finish harvesting operation without retention of the flax material and seeds, wherein the average airflow velocity provided by a positive pressure air nozzle of the airflow cleaning device is 6-8 m/s; when the bionic cutting device 2 is used for cutting, the absolute motion of the bionic moving blade 2-1 theoretically forms a primary cutting area, a re-cutting area and a missed cutting area for the cutting area of the flax stalks. The area of the missed cutting area and the area of the re-cutting area of the bionic moving blade are obviously smaller than those of the standard type blade under the same cutting distance.
Example 6: the same as in example 5, except that: in the step (2), the rotating blowing speed of the air flow in the space is 7.2 m/s; the airflow of the high-pressure fan can form a stable airflow field on the cutting table, wherein the wind speed is 5.1m/s, and the wind power of the airflow field is 3 grades; the average airflow velocity provided by the positive pressure air nozzle of the airflow cleaning device is 6 m/s.
Example 7: the same as in example 5, except that: in the step (2), the rotating blowing speed of the air flow in the space is 8.6 m/s; the airflow of the high-pressure fan can form a stable airflow field on the cutting table, wherein the wind speed is 6.6m/s, and the wind power of the airflow field is 5 grades; the average airflow velocity provided by the positive pressure air nozzle of the airflow cleaning device is 8 m/s.
Example 8: the same as in example 5, except that: in the step (2), the rotating blowing speed of the air flow in the space is 8.2 m/s; the airflow of the high-pressure fan can form a stable airflow field on the cutting table, wherein the wind speed is 6.1m/s, and the wind power of the airflow field is 4 levels; the average airflow velocity provided by the positive pressure air nozzle of the airflow cleaning device is 7 m/s.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (4)
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| CN201810317385.2A CN108575269B (en) | 2018-04-10 | 2018-04-10 | Biomimetic flax harvesting device and harvesting method |
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| CN109362338B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-03-17 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Air-suction type grain recovering device for splashing seeds of vertical cutting knife of rape combine harvester |
| CN109362340B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2020-01-17 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | A rapeseed combine harvester vertical cutting knife splash grain pneumatic recovery device |
| CN109362337B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-12-20 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Oilseed rape harvesting header vertical cutting knife splashing seed air suction recovery device |
| CN109362339B (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-12-20 | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 | Vertical cutting knife of rape combine harvester with airflow recovery device |
| CN110393083A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-11-01 | 甘肃农业大学 | An anti-tangle flax combine harvester header |
| JP7381409B2 (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2023-11-15 | 株式会社クボタ | harvester |
| CN116508487A (en) * | 2023-05-08 | 2023-08-01 | 杭州恒旺农业开发有限公司 | soybean harvester |
| CN118044403B (en) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-12-20 | 东北农业大学 | Cutting table special for district breeding and harvesting |
| CN117999964B (en) * | 2024-03-18 | 2025-06-10 | 东北农业大学 | Plot breeding harvest reduces dropped grain residues on the cutting table |
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| CN205694322U (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-11-23 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of rape harvest machine comb-out type header |
| CN106818034B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2023-07-25 | 内蒙古宏昌机械制造有限公司 | Harvester |
| CN107155508B (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2023-03-14 | 河南科技大学 | Air-blowing type divider device of combine harvester suitable for harvesting coarse cereals |
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